新型单模光纤偏振器

本文介绍了新型D型微孔单模光纤偏振器的制作工艺及其性能参数。其工作波长为1.3μm,光纤偏振器的消光比优于40dB,插入损耗≤2.5dB.制作工艺较为简单,温度变化对器件的影响小,稳定性好,工作波长范围宽。     

基于多模光纤滤波器的可调谐掺铒光纤激光器

研究了一种新型、全光纤、宽带可调谐环形腔掺铒光纤激光器。该激光器利用由单模-多模-单模光纤组成的滤波器实现波长可调谐及激光器的全光纤结构。该滤波器将多模光纤缠绕在偏振控制器上,两端分别与一段单模光纤相连,通过调整偏振控制器的状态,实现了中心波长1542～1560nm的不同激光输出。单波长连续可调谐激光器的波长可调范围为18nm,边模抑制比大于40dB,3dB线宽为0.096nm;进一步调整偏振控制器的状态和抽运功率,实验同时得到了连续可调谐的双波长、三波长等多波长激光输出。对于可调谐的多波长激光器,通过调整偏振控制器的状态,可实现波长间隔及输出中心波长两者可调。     

光波导-光纤自动调芯系统研究

设计了两种适用于光波导高精度自动对接耦合的调芯方案,从原理上克服了常规调芯过程中微变信号精确测试的困难。完成了调芯系统的光机电一体化、控制程序和接口界面。单模光纤作为标准波导的端面耦合自动凋芯试验显示,平均耦合损耗分别为0．075 dB(1310nm波长)和0．062 dB(1550nm波长),相应的标准误差分别为0．0099 dB和0．0066 dB．调芯过程在2min内完成。单模光纤-单模波导-单模光纤的对接耦合实验结果表明,端面耦合损耗平均值分别为0．140 dB(1310nm波长)和0．109 dB(1550nm波长),标准误差分别为0．0082dB和0．0107dB,调芯时间累计不超过8min。     

长波红外量子级联激光器的高效率光纤合束

长波红外量子级联激光器（QCL）具有波长设计灵活、体积小、寿命长等优点。目前单横模QCL较低的输出功率（1～3 W）是限制其应用的主要因素。光纤功率合束技术是提升输出功率的有效手段。然而由于长波红外波段缺少低传输损耗的玻璃光纤,使得高效率长波红外光纤功率合束的实现难度很大。本文研究了基于低损耗单模空芯光纤的长波红外激光功率合束技术。针对基横模长波红外QCL有源区尺寸大、发散角大的特点,设计了大数值孔径扩展光源双非球面准直镜,有效提高了单模光纤耦合效率。设计制备了无端面损耗的长波红外单模光纤束,光纤传输效率高达91.2%,实现了7.6～7.8μm波段QCL的高效率合束。当4个长波红外QCL的输出总功率为2.27 W时,采用所设计的光纤耦合光学系统及制备的4×1单模空芯光纤合束器获得了1.5 W的连续输出,总合束效率为66%。此外,测量得到单根单模长波红外光纤耦合输出光的光束质量因子M2为1.2,光强分布和光束质量因子均优于QCL的直接输出激光,说明空芯单模光纤具有一定的非高斯光束模式净化作用。合束光束的传输质量因子为2.6,依然具有较好的光束质量。本文所研究的光纤合束方式对QCL的输出波...     

基于增强瑞利反馈的单模窄线宽随机激光器

仿真说明了单模光纤(SMF)中瑞利散射(RS)的机理, 指出纤芯掺杂的不均匀性以及拉丝过程引起的光纤几何尺寸的随机变化是光纤中RS产生的主要原因, 并以此为基础制作了损耗为0.54 dB/km的散射光纤. 在通信波段, 5 km该散射光纤的瑞利背向散射(RBS)强度高于相同长度的SMF-28近5 dB. 在基于RBS单模随机激光器的数值模拟中, 大量的具有随机幅度和相位的纵模在经历不平坦增益的多次放大之后, 只有在增益最大点附近的模式能够克服损耗成为输出模式. 实验中以掺铒光纤作为增益介质, 500 m散射光纤提供随机反馈, 窄带布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)作为波长选择器件, 得到线宽约3.5 kHz、对比度近50 dB的单模激光输出. 与采用相同长度SMF-28的随机激光器相比, 其阈值电流降低了80 mA, 相同抽运条件下的最大输出功率提高了3 dBm. 该单模窄线宽随机激光器的输出波长的调谐特性仅由FBG的中心波长决定.     

新型全固态准晶体结构大模场光纤特性研究

大模场单模光纤在高功率激光器、高功率光传输和高灵敏度传感器等领域具有重要意义.设计了一种新型超低损耗大模场单模光纤,包层空气孔由掺氟硅玻璃棒代替,掺氟硅玻璃棒排列呈六重准晶体结构.基于有限元法对光纤的传输特性进行了数值模拟.研究了光纤结构参量变化对模式特性和有效模场面积的影响.结果表明:波长在1064 nm处,有效模场面积高达5197μm2,基模的限制性损耗低于10-5dB/km,解决了大模场与低损耗之间的冲突;在1064—2000 nm波段内,基模与二阶模的限制性损耗相差7个量级,实现单模传输;半径为10 cm时,弯曲损耗小于0.01 dB/m,具有良好的低弯曲损耗特性.此光纤能够提高光纤热损伤阈值,减少接续损耗,全固态结构有效避免了空气孔塌陷,简化制备工艺,对高功率激光传输、光纤激光器和光纤放大器的发展具有重要意义.     

基于光纤锥级联结构的湿度传感器

提出了一种基于普通单模光纤粗锥级联结构的马赫-曾德尔干涉湿度传感器.将两根单模光纤对芯熔融成一个粗锥,并依次级联,形成光纤锥-单模光纤-光纤锥-单模光纤-光纤锥结构.外界环境湿度、温度的改变使传感器的纤芯基模和包层模的光程差发生改变,引起传感器干涉光谱发生变化.通过监测干涉谱波长和能量的变化实现对外界物理量的测量.实验结果表明,当空气中湿度在35~95%RH范围内变化时,传感器的湿度灵敏度为-0.065dB/%RH,线性度为0.997;当温度在30~80℃范围内变化时传感器的温度灵敏度为69.4pm/℃,线性度为0.998.该传感器可以避免温湿度的交叉影响,实现单参量的同时在线区分测量.     

1150nm掺镱光纤激光器输出特性实验研究

以光纤光栅对为激光腔、双包层掺镱光纤为增益介质、976nm半导体激光器为泵浦源,研制全光纤化的1 150nm波段长波光纤激光振荡器.在室温下实现了最大平均输出功率为12.7 W的1 150nm波段单模光纤激光输出,激光振荡器的光光转换效率为42.33%.最大功率输出时,激光中心波长为1 150.48nm,光谱的3dB线宽为0.45nm,边模抑制比达38dB.该研究对研制1 150nm波段高功率光纤激光振荡器具有一定的参考价值.     

单模光纤宏弯损耗的温度响应特性

为了实现光纤宏弯温度传感,对单模光纤宏弯损耗的温度响应特性进行了理论与实验研究.理论上对单模光纤宏弯损耗理论公式进行了温度修正.基于该公式模拟了波长、弯曲半径以及温度对纤芯-无限包层结构单模光纤宏弯损耗性能的影响.设计制作了一种带吸收层和镍保护层的单模光纤宏弯温度传感探头并进行了温度传感性能实验测试.结果表明:纤芯-无限包层结构单模光纤宏弯损耗对弯曲半径、波长和温度变化较为敏感,与温度之间的响应呈线性,该探头的温度分辨率为0.4℃;通过减小弯曲半径和提高光源波长,可进一步提高其温度灵敏度和分辨率.该结构光纤可近似看作纤芯-无限包层结构光纤,用于开发光纤宏弯温度传感器.     

基于SPGD算法的少模光纤耦合解复用系统动态湍流补偿仿真

在空间光通信系统中,激光在大气中传输时容易受湍流效应影响,且接收端往往使用模场半径极小的单模光纤进行空间光耦合,导致光纤耦合效率降低,影响通信系统性能.为了提高接收端光纤耦合效率,结合随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法和少模光纤耦合解复用系统对动态湍流所引起的波前相位畸变进行补偿校正,并实现了传输距离为5 km的空间光通信数值仿真.仿真结果表明:在不同的湍流强度和风速条件下,未经SPGD算法校正时,两模光纤的耦合效率比单模光纤提高了0.5 dB～1.5 dB,相对标准差降低了0.03～0.4;经过SPGD算法校正后,两模光纤的耦合效率比单模光纤提高了0.4 dB～2.2 dB,中强湍流下,相对标准差降低了0.1～0.2.因此在空间光通信中,采用少模光纤进行耦合接收比单模光纤具有更好的耦合效果,有利于提高通信系统稳定性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.