Monitoring of electromagnetic fields in the environment. II. Fluctuations in the parameters of atmospheric electricity

The problems of determining and investigating the informative parameters of atmospheric electricity are discussed. It is shown that short-period variations in atmospheric electricity are ecologically significant. An automated system for monitoring atmospheric electricity and a method of processing the results of measurements are described. V. D. Kuznetsov Siberian Physicotechnical Institute, Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 88–98, May, 1998.     

Non-static electromagnetic fields in general relativity. IV

An investigation is made of Rainich's ‘already unified field theory’ from the standpoint of continuous groups of motions, and a solution is obtained for the case where the electromagnetic field is non-static and the space-time admits a three-parameter continuous group of motions whose minimum invariant varieties are three-dimensional spaces. There exists a divergence-free electromagnetic field for values of t at which the metric is not singular.     

Proca and electromagnetic fields

In the framework of the proper orthochronous Lorentz group, the old connection is revived between the electromagnetic field characterized by a self-dual tensor and a traceless second-rank spinor obeying the Proca equation. The relationship between this spinor and the Hertz potential also considered as a self-dual tensor is emphasized. The extension of this formalism to meet the covariance under the full Lorentz group is also discussed.     

Two-dimesional electromagnetic fields guided by plasma layers. II

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics -     

Gauge invariant fractional electromagnetic fields

Fractional derivatives and integrations of non-integers orders was introduced more than three centuries ago but only recently gained more attention due to its application on nonlocal phenomenas. In this context, several formulations of fractional electromagnetic fields was proposed, but all these theories suffer from the absence of an effective fractional vector calculus, and in general are non-causal or spatially asymmetric. In order to deal with these difficulties, we propose a spatially symmetric and causal gauge invariant fractional electromagnetic field from a Lagrangian formulation. From our fractional Maxwell?s fields arose a definition for the fractional gradient, divergent and curl operators.     

Link invariants of electromagnetic fields

The cross-helicity integral is known in fluid dynamics and plasma physics as a topological invariant which measures the mutual linkage of two divergence-free vector fields, e.g., magnetic fields, on a three-dimensional domain. Generalizing this concept, a new topological invariant is found which measures the mutual linkage of three closed two-forms, e.g., electromagnetic fields, on a four-dimensional domain. The integral is shown to detect a separation of the cross helicity between two of the fields with the help of the third field. It can be related to the triple linking number known in knot theory. Furthermore, it is shown that the well-known three-dimensional cross helicity and the new four-dimensional invariant are the first two examples of a series of topological invariants which are defined by n-1 field strengths F=dA on a simply connected n-dimensional manifold M(n).     

Four component electromagnetic fields and electrodynamics

Dirac-Maxwell equations with magnetic monopoles are generalized to electromagnetic fields by introducing fourth components to the fields and their solutions are obtained. The formalism is presented into tensor, dyonic as well as quaternionic forms and conservation theorems for the field energy and momenta are obtained involving the new contribution from the mutual interaction of the fields and currents. The generation of the standard modeste, tm andtem ofem waves is also obtained in the formalism.     

Null electromagnetic fields in general relativity

The necessary and sufficient condition that a general Riemannian space-time $$ds^2 = g_{ij} dx^i dx^j$$ , may represent a null electromagnetic field is S = C, where $$S = R_{hijk} F^{hi} F^{jk} ,C = C_{hijk} F^{hi} F^{jk} .$$ .     

Truesdell invariance in relativistic electromagnetic fields

The Truesdell derivative of a contravariant tensor fieldX ^ab is defined with respect to a null congruencel ^a analogous to the Truesdell stress rate in classical continuum mechanics. The dynamical consequences of the Truesdell invariance with respect to a timelike vectoru ^a of the stress-energy tensor characterizing a charged perfect fluid with null conductivity are the conservation of pressure (p), charged density (e) an expansion-free flow, constancy of the Maxwell scalars, and vanishing spin coefficients+¯ = ¯ – = = 0 (assuming freedom conditionsk = = + ¯ = 0). The electromagnetic energy momentum tensor for the special subcases of Ruse-Synge classification for typesA andB are described in terms of the spin coefficients introduced by Newman-Penrose.     

Stationary electromagnetic fields around black holes

In the framework of the Newman-Penrose formalism the electromagnetic field of a general stationary source occurring in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole is obtained in the test-field approximation. The field is expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions (radial parts) and spin-s spherical harmonics (angular parts) both outside and inside the radius at which the source is, located. As examples, the fields of point charges, charged rings, current loops and magnetic dipoles (generally located in non-axisymmetric positions) are calculated.     

Interpolation method for transient electromagnetic fields

Summary The method for the transient electromagnetic fields interpolation from the irregular to the uniform array is suggested. It is based on the approximation of the observed data by the field of the current plane disposed at some depth in the homogeneous conductive Earth. The interpolation problem is reduced to solving the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind for unknown distribution of the current in the plane. The discretization of the integral equation results in the systems of the linear equations which are solved by the method of the singular value decomposition. The distribution of the current in the plane is used not only for the interpolation of the observed field but also for the calculation of the linear transformations of the field components. The results of testing of the method on theoretical models are presented. To speed up publication, the proofs were not sent to the authors and were supervised by the Scientific Committee.     

Elliptic vortices of electromagnetic wave fields

We demonstrate the existence of elliptic vortices of electromagnetic scalar wave fields. The corresponding intensity profiles are formed by propagation-invariant confocal elliptic rings. We have found that copropagation of this kind of vortex occurs without interaction. The results presented here also apply for physical systems described by the (2+1) -dimensional Schr?dinger equation.     

淮北地区大气污染的光学遥感监测与预报

在淮北地区建立差分吸收光谱遥感系统,监测淮北地区主要大气污染气体,监测时间从2011年8月7日至8月28日. 结果表明污染物排放达到国家标准. 并以臭氧为例建立污染气体浓度变化趋势跟踪预测模型.     

Mapping electromagnetic fields near a subwavelength hole

We study, both experimentally and theoretically, the scattering of electromagnetic waves by a subwavelength hole fabricated in a thin metallic film. We employ the scanning near-field optical microscopy in order to reconstruct experimentally the full three-dimensional structure of the electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the hole. We observe an interference of all excited waves with an incident laser beam which allows us to gain the information about the wave phases. Along with the well-known surface plasmon polaritons propagating primarily in the direction of the incident beam polarization, we observe the free-space radiation diffracted by the hole. We compare the experimental results with the fields of pure electric and pure magnetic dipoles as well as with direct numerical simulations. We confirm that a single hole in a thin metallic film excited at the normal incidence manifests itself as an effective magnetic dipole in the visible spectral range.     

Neutrinos in electromagnetic fields and moving media

The history of the development of the theory of neutrino-flavor and neutrino-spin oscillations in electromagnetic fields and in a medium is briefly surveyed. A new Lorentz-invariant approach to describing neutrino oscillations in a medium is formulated in such a way that it makes it possible to consider the motion of a medium at an arbitrary velocity, including relativistic ones. This approach permits studying neutrinospin oscillations under the effect of an arbitrary external electromagnetic field. In particular, it is predicted that, in the field of an electromagnetic wave, new resonances may exist in neutrino oscillations. In the case of spin oscillations in various electromagnetic fields, the concept of a critical magnetic-field-component strength is introduced above which the oscillations become sizable. In considering neutrino oscillations in moving matter, it is shown within the Lorentz-invariant formalism that the relativistic motion of matter significantly affects the character of neutrino oscillations and can radically change the conditions under which the oscillations are resonantly enhanced. Possible new effects in neutrino oscillations are discussed for the case of neutrino propagation in relativistic fluxes of matter.     

Response of disordered matter to electromagnetic fields

We have studied a variety of different disordered materials, including molecular and ionic liquids, supercooled liquids, glasses, ionic conductors, and doped semiconductors, in ac electromagnetic fields over an exceptional broad dynamic range, including the rarely investigated GHz to THz region. All classes of disordered matter exhibit an astonishingly similar response: In addition to Jonscher's time-honored "universal dielectric response," a superlinear power-law increase of the frequency-dependent conductivity shows up bridging the gap between the classical dielectric and the infrared region. Thus the universal dielectric behavior of disordered matter extends up to much higher frequencies than thought until now.     

Charged particle motion in superstrong electromagnetic fields

The motion of charged particles in superstrong electromagnetic fields studied analytically and numerically. An analytic solution is given for constant fields which also describes satisfactorily the initial part of the motion in the slowly varying fields surrounding a pulsar.