Topological design of electrode shapes for dielectrophoresis based devices

This research develops a topology optimization procedure to find out the optimal shapes of electrodes for cell sorter devices based on dielectrophoresis phenomenon which moves dielectrically polarizable particles in the presence of nonuniform electric field. After understanding the working principle of dielectrophoresis based devices mathematically, the spatial distributions of the square electric field is defined as the objective function and it is possible to define an optimization formulation in the framework of the standard topology optimization procedure. To show the potential of the developed procedure, optimized electrodes as well as some illustrative numerical examples are presented.     

大间隙速调管输出腔支撑杆的3维设计

利用3维高频软件对大间隙速调管输出腔及其同轴提取波导金属支撑杆进行了高频分析,建立了带双排金属支撑杆的大间隙输出腔3维结构模型,采用3维PIC程序对该输出腔的提取效果进行了粒子模拟。研究结果表明：作为输出腔同轴提取波导支撑的第二排支撑杆,和兼作输出腔腔壁的第一排支撑杆,都会影响输出腔的高频谐振特性,因此必须结合大间隙输出腔进行一体化设计;此时同轴提取波导支撑杆设计的基本原则不以追求最高的TEM模式传输效率为目的,而是通过控制双排支撑杆的散射特性,得到合适的外部品质因数和间隙电场强度。在注入电功率约2.9 GW,束流调制深度90%时,设计的带双排支撑杆的3.6 GHz大间隙输出腔结构,可提取约1.06 GW的平均功率,效率约36.5%。     

大间隙速调管输出腔支撑杆的3维设计

利用3维高频软件对大间隙速调管输出腔及其同轴提取波导金属支撑杆进行了高频分析,建立了带双排金属支撑杆的大间隙输出腔3维结构模型,采用3维PIC程序对该输出腔的提取效果进行了粒子模拟。研究结果表明:作为输出腔同轴提取波导支撑的第二排支撑杆,和兼作输出腔腔壁的第一排支撑杆,都会影响输出腔的高频谐振特性,因此必须结合大间隙输出腔进行一体化设计;此时同轴提取波导支撑杆设计的基本原则不以追求最高的TEM模式传输效率为目的,而是通过控制双排支撑杆的散射特性,得到合适的外部品质因数和间隙电场强度。在注入电功率约2.9 GW,束流调制深度90%时,设计的带双排支撑杆的3.6 GHz大间隙输出腔结构,可提取约1.06 GW的平均功率,效率约36.5%。     

三维超分辨光瞳滤波器的优化设计

利用matlab优化工具箱,采用非线性规划,对三区振幅型(透过率为1-0-1)和三区位相型(相位角为π-0-π)光瞳滤波器进行三维超分辨优化设计,建立了优化模型,经计算机多次迭代运算,改变斯特尔比s值,给出了优化结果.结果显示:所设计的滤波器较好地实现了横向和轴向三维超分辨,且轴向超分辨能力优于横向;相同斯特尔比下,位相型三维超分辨能力优于振幅型,并且这两种滤波器结构简单,容易实现.     

流场自适应叉树网格数值模拟三维复杂超声速流场

建立了基于分区结构网格的三维贴体叉树形网格的数据结构,并阐述了在此基础上进行自适应分裂/合并判别方法.为节省网格量和保证流场结构捕捉质量,提出对自适应程度进行区域性控制,以及对流场结构进行"保护"性预加密的优化方式.通过应用该网格对三维复杂超声速流场算例的计算,证明该方法对网格加密控制方便,对流场结构分辨率高.     

全息模拟再现像的三维重构

提出一种全息模拟再现像的三维重构方法,可以模拟再现得到三维再现像.计算机模拟再现许多幅在不同深度位置的二维光强分布;利用灰度级变化的聚焦度评价方法,通过寻找最大聚焦度值,确定再现三维像各像点的深度信息.实验证明,该方法能实现模拟再现像的三维重构,使数字全息术有希望成为一种全新的三维面形检测技术.再现像三维重构的实现可以更客观地对全息图进行像质评价,并验证计算机制全息术算法的正确性.     

用于物体三维测量的光纤投影器的设计与数值模拟

新的光学三维传感和计量方法不断涌现,在这些测量方法中,结构光投影器的设计至关重要。将光纤引入其中,设计了多光纤空间编码面结构投影器,利用多光纤干涉可以在空间形成条形、方形、六角形等多种干涉图样,从而构成了多功能光纤干涉图像投影器,并对各种空间编码结构的投影图像给出了计算机仿真结果。讨论了投影器的空间编码结构参数对测量范围和测量精度的影响,以及与编码器结构相适应的测量方法。该研究对多光纤干涉图像投影器的设计制作与实际应用具有一定的参考意义。     

三维随机粗糙面与目标复合电磁散射的FDTD方法

用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)研究三维周期性延拓的随机粗糙面与上方目标复合电磁散射.用周期性延拓消除数值计算中截取有限大小粗糙面产生的边缘效应,讨论一个周期单元粗糙面的边长与其相关长度之间的关系.给出在FDTD方法中向粗糙面加载入射波的方法,建立了粗糙面上单个三维目标的复合散射FDTD计算模型.数值结果给出粗糙面与目标散射的近场分布,应用近远场变换得到全方位散射角的双站散射系数.比较了三维与二维散射模型的区别.结果显示当粗糙面上放置目标时,其后向散射显著增强.     

用改进的遗传算法和高斯牛顿法联合反演三维地下水流模型参数

遗传算法在处理非线性优化问题时具有较好的全局搜索性能,但在局部搜索时搜索效率不高,解的精度亦不高,高斯牛顿法在处理非线性优化问题时的性质正好和遗传算法相反,利用遗传算法和高斯牛顿法的优点,用改进的遗传算法和高斯牛顿法联合反演地下水数值模型参数.首先用遗传算法求出地下水模型参数的初值,然后利用这组初值用高斯牛顿法进行数值模型参数的反演,并以一非均质各向同性三维承压非稳定流理想模型为例,结合有限元法讨论了用遗传算法和高斯牛顿法联合反演地下水数值模型参数的过程.计算结果表明,联合参数反演方法,具有收敛速度快、解的精度高的特点,在地下水渗流和水资源评价等领域可广泛应用.     

Numerical design of a two-cascade cylindrical microtarget for shock-free compression

We present the numerical design of a two-cascade target. The desired target design is intended to provide a shock-free compression of the central DT core, where the fusion reactions take place. We obtain the formula for the energy deposition into each cascade internal layer for both known and unknown energy depositions into the external target layer. The two-cascade target design helps to increase the energy deposition into the DT layer and therefore decrease the energy required for the target ignition.     

The fabrication of 3-D nanostructures by a low- voltage EBL

Three-dimensional (3-D) structures are used in many applications, including the fabrication of opto-electronic and bio-MEMS devices. Among the various fabrication techniques available for 3-D structures, nano imprint lithography (NIL) is preferred for producing nanoscale 3-D patterns because of its simplicity, relatively short processing time, and high manufacturing precision. For efficient replication in NIL, a precise 3-D stamp must be used as an imprinting tool. Hence, we attempted the fabrication of original 3-D master molds by low-voltage electron beam lithography (EBL). We then fabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps from the original 3-D mold via replica molding with ultrasonic vibration.First, we experimentally analyzed the characteristics of low-voltage EBL in terms of various parameters such as resist thickness, acceleration voltage, aperture size, and baking temperature. From these e-beam exposure experiments, we found that the exposure depth and width were almost saturated at 3 kV or lesser, even when the electron dosage was increased. This allowed for the fabrication of various stepped 3-D nanostructures at a low voltage. In addition, by using line-dose EBL, V-groove patterns could be fabricated on a cured electron resist (ER) at a low voltage and low baking temperature. Finally, the depth variation could be controlled to within 10 nm through superposition exposure at 1 kV. From these results, we determined the optimum electron beam exposure conditions for the fabrication of various 3-D structures on ERs by low-voltage EBL. We then fabricated PDMS stamps via the replica molding process.     

二维浅水波方程的数值激波不稳定性

研究二维浅水波方程的数值激波不稳定性问题.线性稳定性分析和数值实验表明,格式的临界稳定性与数值激波的不稳定现象有重要的联系.基于扰动量的增长矩阵分析,本文将高分辨率的数值格式和HLL格式进行特定的加权,设计一类新的混合型数值格式.其中可以调节非线性波速的HLLC与HLL的混合格式,数值试验展示了消除浅水波方程激波不稳定现象的有效性和鲁棒性.     

控制三维光场的纯相位衍射光学元件优化设计

为提高纯相位衍射光学元件的设计效果，实现高衍射效率的三维光场衍射传播控制，在原有GS迭代算法的基础上提出了新的相位加权迭代优化设计算法。此算法的特点是，建立多衍射输出平面迭代加权算法模型，并通过反馈各个设计输出平面在迭代计算过程中的设计误差，引入一定的相位动态加权整调策略，以达到更加优化的设计效果。以此算法设计一个纯相位衍射光学元件，将输入的高斯光束在距离输入面300mm～400mm内的每个平面上变换为2×2等强度光束阵列。通过对比实验发现此方法在原有算法基础上能进一步改善算法的收敛效果，提高整体设计质量，实现更加优化的运算。     

The analysis of a novel 3-D autonomous system and circuit implementation

This Letter presents a new three-dimensional autonomous system with four quadratic terms. The system with five equilibrium points has complex chaotic dynamics behaviors. It can generate many different single chaotic attractors and double coexisting chaotic attractors over a large range of parameters. We observe that these chaotic attractors were rarely reported in previous work. The complex dynamical behaviors of the system are further investigated by means of phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents spectrum, Lyapunov dimension, dissipativeness of system, bifurcation diagram and Poincaré map. The physical circuit experimental results of the chaotic attractors show agreement with numerical simulations. More importantly, the analysis of frequency spectrum shows that the novel system has a broad frequency bandwidth, which is very desirable for engineering applications such as secure communications.     

Analytical approximation solutions for 3-D optical waveguides: Review

The rectangular dielectric waveguide is the most commonly used structure in integrated optics, especially in semi-conductor diode lasers. Demands for new applications such as high-speed data backplanes in integrated electronics, waveguide filters, optical multiplexers and optical switches are driving technology toward better materials and processing techniques for planar waveguide structures. The infinite slab and circular waveguides that we know are not practical for use on a substrate because the slab waveguide has no lateral confinement and the circular fiber is not compatible with the planar processing technology being used to make planar structures. The rectangular waveguide is the natural structure. In this review, we have discussed several analytical methods for analyzing the mode structure of rectangular structures, beginning with a wave analysis based on the pioneering work of Marcatili. We study three basic techniques with examples to compare their performance levels. These are the analytical approach developed by Marcatili, the perturbation techniques, which improve on the analytical solutions and the effective index method with examples. T Srinivas received the B.Sc. (Hon.) degree from Nehru Science College, Hydrabad and M.E. (Int.) and Ph.D. dgrees from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan from 1992 to 1996. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science. His areas of interests are optical communication networks, integrated optics, micro-opto-electrical-mechanical systems (MOEMS) and fiberoptic sensors     

The 3-D electrostatic potential surrounding a square array of surface charges

Simple scaling laws have been derived which relate the 3-D potential to the inter-surfacestate spacing, the field-plate spacing, the dielectric constants of both insulators bordering the interface, and the dimensions x,y,z. This 3-D potential, obtained by using a pair of images and Neumann boundary conditions, contains the usual 1-D potential as the zeroth harmonic in a Fourier series. The 3-D and 1-D potentials give equivalent densities of conduction electrons in an accumulation layer only for a surface state density σ < 3 × 10¹¹/cm². For higher σ, the 1-D potential seriously underestimates the amount of space charge possible. There is a low saddle point in the 3-D potential configuration which allows surface conduction electrons to transport laterally in the presence of a transverse field.     

A 3-D simulation of a particulate dispersion

A computational study of the microstructure of strongly interacting particulate dispersions has been carried out using a force-bias Monte Carlo scheme. A cluster analysis technique has been used to investigate low-energy particle configurations. The microstructure is shown to consist of clusters containing several particles. The clusters themselves interact to form an extended network.     

The elastic field of general-shape 3-D cracks

We extend here the Bilby-Eshelby approach of 2-D crack representation with dislocation pileups to treat 3-dimensional cracks of general geometry. Cracks of any specified external bounding 3-D contour under general loading conditions are represented by sets of parametric Somigliana loops that satisfy total (interaction, self, and external) force equilibrium. Loop positions are solved by using a time integration scheme till equilibrium is achieved. The local Burgers vector is suitably adjusted to be proportional to the local applied surface traction on the crack. The developed method is computationally advantageous, since accurate crack stress fields are obtained with very few concentric parametric loops that adjust to the external crack shape and the local force conditions. The method is tested against known elasticity solutions for 3-D cracks and found to be convergent with an increase in the number of pileup dislocation loops. The method is applied to the determination of the stress field around a 3-D Griffith crack under general loading and a grain boundary crack before and after branching.     

压力恢复系统超声速扩散段三维流场数值模拟

 采用数值模拟的手段，对压力恢复系统超声速扩散段三维流场进行研究。数值模拟使用LU分解法和NND差分格式求解全Navier-Stokes 方程，并加入了湍流模型。对得到的流场结构进行了分析，为下一步工作打下了基础。