Master equation for structured reservoirs

In this work we derive a master equation to describe the interaction of emitters with structured reservoirs. The equation is applicable when the ‘freezing’ of atomic population decay and the existence of an atom-photon bound state are possible. Furthermore, the equation may be used for arbitrarily strong excitations of the reservoir. We show that for a wide range of reservoir spectral densities, this master equation can be reduced to the Markovian form. Applications to spontaneous emission and resonance fluorescence near the band edge are considered. We demonstrate that the stationary state is strongly dependent on the initial state of the decaying atom-field system. For resonance fluorescence, we confirm the prediction of positive stationary atomic inversion.     

A novel scheme of hybrid entanglement swapping and teleportation using cavity QED in the small and large detuning regimes and quasi-Bell state measurement method

We outline a scheme for entanglement swapping based on cavity QED as well as quasi-Bell state measurement(quasiBSM) methods. The atom–field interaction in the cavity QED method is performed in small and large detuning regimes.We assume two atoms are initially entangled together and, distinctly two cavities are prepared in an entangled coherent–coherent state. In this scheme, we want to transform entanglement to the atom-field system. It is observed that, the fidelities of the swapped entangled state in the quasi-BSM method can be compatible with those obtained in the small and large detuning regimes in the cavity QED method(the condition of this compatibility will be discussed). In addition, in the large detuning regime, the swapped entangled state is obtained by detecting and quasi-BSM approaches. In the continuation,by making use of the atom–field entangled state obtained in both approaches in a large detuning regime, we show that the atomic as well as field states teleportation with complete fidelity can be achieved.     

“Gluelump” spectrum and adjoint source potential in lattice QCD3

We calculate the potential between “quarks” which are in the adjoint representation of SU(2) color in the three-dimensional lattice theory. We work in the scaling region of the theory and at large quark separations R. We also calculate the masses M_Qg of color-singlet bound states formed by coupling an adjoint quark to adjoint glue (“gluelumps”). Good scaling behavior is found for the masses of both magnetic (angular momentum J = 0) and electric (J = 1) gluelumps, and the magnetic gluelump is found to be the lowest-lying state. It is naively expected that the potential for adjoint quarks should saturate above a separation R_scr where it becomes energetically favorable to produce a pair of gluelumps. We obtain a good estimate of the naive screening distance R_scr. However we find little evidence of saturation in the potential out to separations R of about 1.5R_scr.     

A new integral equation for treating high-intensity multiphoton processes

Summary In the present paper we derive a new integral equation for the non-perturbative evaluation of transition matrix elements for high-intensity multiphoton processes. Our method will be partly based on the Kramers-Henneberger transformation. In the course of the development of our theory we shall relate our approach to previous investigations along similar lines. As a specific example we shall apply our integral equation to the problem of light scattering and present a multiphoton generalization of the Kramers-Heisenberg dispersion formula. We shall then apply this general formula to the study of higher-harmonic generation from a short-range potential with a single bound state, and evaluate the ratesR _n of then-th-order harmonic for a set of specifically chosen parameters. This work has been supported by the East-West Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences under Project Nr. 45.174/1-46a/93 of the ?sterreichische Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung.     

Non-threshold (F, Dp) bound states

In the previous paper [hep-th/9904112], we argued that there exist BPS bound states of Dp branes carrying certain units of quantized constant electric field for every p (with 1 p 8). Each of these bound states preserves one half of the spacetime supersymmetries. In this paper, we construct these bound state configurations explicitly for 2 p 7 from Schwarz's (m, n)-string or (F, D1) bound state in type IIB string theory by T-dualities along the transverse directions. We calculate the charge per of (p − 1)-dimensional area for F-strings in (F,Dp) and the tension for each of these bound states. The results agree precisely with those obtained previously from the worldvolume study. We study the decoupling limit for the (F, D3) bound state and find that Maldacena's AdS₅/CFT₄ correspondence may hold true even with respect to this bound state but now with an effective string coupling rather than the usual string coupling. This coupling is quantized and can be independent of the usual string coupling in a certain limit.     

Direct Approach to Study of Soliton Perturbations of Defocusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

A direct approach in the study of soliton perturbations has been developed, based on the method of separation of variables in our previous papers . In this paper we use it to deal with the nonlinear Schrioedinger equation under the action of perturbations. Our results differ from those obtained in previous work.     

On the chiral covariant approach to ρρ scattering

We examine in detail a recent work(D. Gülmez, U. G. Mei?ner and J. A. Oller, Eur. Phys. J. C,77: 460(2017)), where improvements to make ρρ scattering relativistically covariant are made. The paper has the remarkable conclusion that the J =2 state disappears with a potential which is much more attractive than for J =0,where a bound state is found. We trace this abnormal conclusion to the fact that an "on-shell" factorization of the potential is done in a region where this potential is singular and develops a large discontinuous and unphysical imaginary part. A method is developed, evaluating the loops with full ρ propagators, and we show that they do not develop singularities and do not have an imaginary part below threshold. With this result for the loops we define an effective potential, which when used with the Bethe-Salpeter equation provides a state with J =2 around the energy of the f_2(1270). In addition, the coupling of the state to ρρ is evaluated and we find that this coupling and the T matrix around the energy of the bound state are remarkably similar to those obtained with a drastic approximation used previously, in which the q~2 terms of the propagators of the exchanged ρ mesons are dropped, once the cut-off in the ρρ loop function is tuned to reproduce the bound state at the same energy.     

Resonant fermi gases with a large effective range

We calculate the equation of state of a Fermi gas with resonant interactions when the effective range is appreciable. Using an effective field theory for a large scattering length and large effective range, we show how calculations in this regime become tractable. Our results are model independent, and as an application, we study the neutron matter equation of state at low densities of astrophysical interest 0.002 fm(-3) < rho < 0.02 fm(-3), for which the interparticle separation is comparable to the effective range. We compare our simple results with those of conventional many-body calculations.     

Construction of noisy bound entangled states and the range criterion

In this work we consider bipartite noisy bound entangled states with positive partial transpose, that is, such a state can be written as a convex combination of an edge state and a separable state. In particular, we present schemes to construct distinct classes of noisy bound entangled states which satisfy the range criterion. As a consequence of the present study we also identify noisy bound entangled states which do not satisfy the range criterion. All of the present states are constituted by exploring different types of product bases.     

Importance of the photo-beta process for the synthesis of “p” elements in stellar conditions

In this work, we compare positon capture and photo-beta disintegration probabilities in several stellar conditions.

We show that the second process can be neglected with regard to the first one in strongly endothermic nuclear transitions, whereas photo-beta disintegration can be competitive with positon capture and even can have a greater likelihood than the latter process in weakly endothermic and exothermic transitions.

In the range of temperature we consider here (T ≈ 10⁹ °K), it appears that the lifetime ratio τ(ph)/τ(e_c⁺) against photo-beta disintegration and positon capture is the smallest for densities in the neighbourhood of 10⁶ g/cm³.

Thus, we arrive at the conclusion that the photo-beta process can play a role in the synthesis of two “p” elements at least, ₆₂¹⁴⁴Sm and ₈₀¹⁹⁶Hg, for which the ratios τ(ph)/τ(e_c⁺) are close to 10 and 20, respectively, in the most favourable stellar conditions.     

Short-lived two-soliton bound states in weakly perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation

Resonant soliton collisions in the weakly discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation are studied numerically. The fractal nature of the soliton scattering, described in our previous works, is investigated in detail. We demonstrate that the fractal scattering pattern is related to the existence of the short-lived two-soliton bound states. The bound state can be regarded as a two-soliton quasiparticle of a new type, different from the breather. We establish that the probability P of a bound state with the lifetime L follows the law P approximately L(-3). In the frame of a simple two-particle model, we derive the nonlinear map, which generates the fractal pattern similar to that observed in the numerical study of soliton collisions. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

The Constituent Quark Exchange Model for the Bound State Nucleons

The aim of present article is to compare the different bound state parton distributions in the protons with those coming from the free protons experimental data and to investigate the effect of quark structure of protons on each other. So, the constituent quark model (CQM), in which the quarks are assumed to be the complex objects and was originally proposed by Altarelli et al. (ACMP), is used in the frame work of the quark exchange model (QEM) to calculate the parton distributions of bound protons. Unlike our previous works, the effect of sea quarks and gluons are included in the QEM. Our results are in agreement with those of Glück et al. (GRV) when we ignore the binding and the Fermi motion effects for the constituent quarks. In this case, we get more sea-quarks and gluons with respect to the bound state constituents quarks calculation. It is also shown that the QEM, which is a realistic formalism gives better result with respect to the Isgur and Karl et al. model which is a field theoretical approach. The ratio of the structure functions of neutron to proton is also calculated with the assumption of isospin symmetry and it is compared with the available data and our previous works.     

Semiclassical method for calculating the energetic values of helium, lithium and beryllium atoms

In previous papers we have presented a wave model for conservative bound systems resulted from the equivalency between the Schrödinger and wave equations. We proved that the normal curves of the characteristic surface of the wave equation, denoted by C curves, are solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, written for the same system, and correspond to the same constants of motion as those resulting from the Schrödinger equation. In this paper we present a method for computing the energetic values of conservative bound systems which is based on the properties of the C curves. The method is applied to the 1s ² state of helium, 1s ²2s and 1s ²2p states of lithium and 1s ²2s ² state of beryllium. Our theoretical values are compared with experimental data taken from well-known books. The relative error of our method is less than 5 x 10^?3.     

Glueballs as bound states of massive gluons

Recent work in both lattice and continuum QCD shows that the gauge field is massive. We investigate the bound states of massive gluons with a Schrödinger equation and find M(0⁺⁺) ≈ 2.3 m, M(0⁻⁺) ≈ 2.7 m, M(2⁺⁺) ≈ 3.2 m, where m is the gluon mass; we expect from this as well as earlier work that m ≈ 500 MeV. These glueballs have widths typical of allowed hadronic decays.     

A mesoscopic approach to the “negative” viscosity effect in ferrofluids

We present a mesoscopic approach to analyse the dynamics of a single magnetic dipole under the influence of an oscillating magnetic field, based on the formulation of a Fokker–Planck equation. The dissipated power and the viscosity of a suspension of such magnetic dipoles are calculated from non-equilibrium thermodynamics of magnetized systems. By means of this method we have found a non-monotonous behaviour of the viscosity as a function of the frequency of the field which has been referred to as the “negative” viscosity effect. Moreover, we have shown that the viscosity depends on the vorticity field thus exhibiting non-Newtonian behaviour. Our analysis is complemented with numerical simulations which reproduce the behaviour of the viscosity we have found and extend the scope of our analytical approach to higher values of the magnetic field.     

The strong phase of QED

The strong phase of QED is studied in the ladder approximation. In the leading approximation we show that the perturbative vacuum of QED is unstable against forming the electron-positron bound state if the coupling is greater than a critical value. We argue that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken in the strong phase of QED, if we choose the correct boundary conditions to the gap equation and the nonperturbative β-function found by Miransky is taken into account. We also calculate the ratio between the infrared limit of the electron self-energy and the vacuum condensate, γ = Σ²(0)/k = 1.     

Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of exciton–exciton scattering in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well

We present a computer simulation of exciton–exciton scattering in a quantum well. Specifically, we use quantum Monte Carlo techniques to study the bound and continuum states of two excitons in a 10 nm wide GaAs/Al_0.3Ga_0.7As quantum well. From these bound and continuum states we extract the momentum-dependent phase shifts for s-wave scattering. A surprising finding of this work is that a commonly studied effective-mass model for excitons in a 10 nm quantum well actually supports two bound biexciton states. The second, weakly bound state may dramatically enhance exciton–exciton interactions. We also fit our results to a hard-disk model and indicate directions for future work.     

各向异性光子晶体中二能级原子和自发辐射场间的纠缠

应用Von Neumann熵和Schmid tnumber K两种纠缠度量讨论了各向异性光子晶体中二能级原子和自发辐射场间纠缠度的演化性质.研究发现,原子-光场纠缠度的演化与原子上能级和光子晶体能带带边的相对位置有关,当原子上能级处于光子晶体禁带内,原子-光场纠缠度将保持稳定,当原子上能级处于光子晶体能带中,原子-光场纠缠度先增大后衰减到零.纠缠度的大小还与原子的初态有关.可以通过控制原子的初态和原子上能级与带边的相对位置来控制原子-光场纠缠度的演化特性.     

The Two-Body Interaction with a Circle in Time

We complete our previous^{(1, 2)} demonstration that there is a family of new solutions to the photon and Dirac equations using spatial and temporal circles and four-vector behaviour of the Dirac bispinor. We analyse one solution for a bound state, which is equivalent to the attractive two-body interaction between a charged point particle and a second, which remains at rest. We show this yields energy and angular momentum eigenvalues that are identical to those found by the usual method of solving of the Dirac equation,⁽⁴⁾ including fine structure. We complete our previous derivation⁽²⁾ of QED from a set of rules for the two-body interaction and generalise these. We show that QED may be decomposed into a two-body interaction at every point in spacetime.     

Influence of a Classical Homogeneous Gravitational Field on Dissipative Dynamics of the Phase Damped Jaynes–Cummings Model under the Markovian Approximation

In this paper, we study the dissipative dynamics of the phase damped Jaynes–Cummings model under the Markovian approximation in the presence of a classical homogeneous gravitational field. The model consists of a moving two-level atom simultaneously exposed to the gravitational field and a single-mode traveling radiation field in the presence of a phase damping mechanism. We first present the master equation for the reduced density operator of the system under the Markovian approximation in terms of a Hamiltonian describing the atom-field interaction in the presence of a homogeneous gravitational field. Then, by making use of the super-operator technique, we obtain an exact solution of the master equation. Assuming that initially the radiation field is prepared in a Glauber coherent state and the two-level atom is in the excited state, we investigate the influence of gravity on the temporal evolution of collapses and revivals of the atomic population inversion, atomic dipole squeezing, atomic momentum diffusion, photon counting statistics and quadrature squeezing of the radiation field in the presence of phase damping.