Optical monitoring of PMD accumulation on a Pol-MUX phase-modulated signal using degree-of-polarization measurements

We experimentally demonstrate a chromatic dispersion insensitive monitoring technique for monitoring of polarization mode dispersion and time misalignment in a 80 Gbit/s polarization-multiplexed return-to-zero differential phase-shift-keying (Pol-MUX RZ-DPSK) signal using a polarimeter and degree-of polarization (DOP) measurements. This technique is modulation format independent (i.e., applicable to both the phase- and amplitude-modulated data) and capable of measuring the fast change of polarization effects caused by vibration or other fast disturbances in the fiber link. We show that the monitored DOP of this signal decreases by 10.8% with differential group delay of 0-12 ps and decreases by 20% with a maximum misalignment of 12.5 ps between two orthogonally polarized RZ-DPSK channels. These measurements are less sensitive to chromatic dispersion of 0-400 ps/nm.     

二阶偏振模色散矢量致脉冲展宽的理论分析

我们首次提出了消偏矢量的概念，并用它来描述二阶偏振模色散中偏振模色散矢量方向的变化。本文导出了由于二阶偏振模色散所引起的脉冲展宽的解析表达式，结论指出，偏振相关的本征色散总是使脉冲展宽加剧；而偏振模色散矢量方向的变化（消偏矢量），却是使脉冲展宽减弱。二阶偏振模色散对脉冲的展宽，不仅与偏振相关的本征色散和消偏矢量有关，而且还与信号的传输速率以及初始一阶偏振模色散的大小有关。信号速率的提高，将明显的使二阶偏振模色散的影响增强。在偏振相关的本征色散不为零的情况下，通过调整初始偏振态矢量、初始一阶偏振模色散矢量以及消偏矢量三者的方向，使它们互相平行，可以获得最佳的色散补偿。但是却不能获得完全的色散补偿。在最佳色散补偿时的最小脉冲展宽为σ= (2^1/2/4)( DCF/T₀).     

On the Mitigation of Polarization Dependency of Distributed Raman Amplifier Gain by Transmission Fiber PMD

We show theoretically and experimentally that Raman PDG can be formulated as a function of the pump light DOP and the transmission fiber PMD. Raman PDG is sufficiently reduced thanks to the inevitable fiber PMD.     

Performance comparison between sampling methods using DOP as feedback signal for higher-order PMD compensator

We numerically analyzed the performance of the two polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation methods of the single degree of polarization (DOP) sampling and DOP ellipsoid sampling methods. The numerical results show that the single DOP sampling method can generate the maximum DOP, and may result in a small overall differential group delay (DGD) or the principal state of polarization (PSP)launching. By the PSP launching, just the first-order PMD is compensated while second-order PMD not.When the DOP ellipsoid sampling method is used the performance is evidently better, because the effect of high-order PMD on PMD compensation is reduced.     

A label swapping technique using synchronous phase modulation without wavelength conversion

We demonstrate a label swapping technique for differential-phase-shifted-keying (DPSK) encoded labels using synchronous phase modulation (SPM). For the first time label erasure and insertion are performed in a single step without a need for wavelength conversion. The receiver sensitivity penalty of label swapping is limited to 1 dB when the timing mismatch between the new label and old label is kept from −18% to 18%.     

同步双脉冲激光致声研究

利用高速摄像机拍摄了同步双脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生激光空泡的运动过程。分析了该条件下产生的四种典型激光声信号特性,初步计算了光声能量转换效率。研究结果表明：通过调节脉冲激光的能量差,可以控制激光声信号峰值间隔,提高激光声信号脉宽;两空泡之间无量纲距离为1.5时,溃灭过程中出现融合现象,融合过程中空泡热力学能转化为机械能,融合后形成的单个空泡能量变大,其溃灭产生的激光声信号主频降低;同步双脉冲激光聚焦击穿情况下的光声能量转换效率为6%~10%。     

Efficient modulation frequency doubling by induced modulation instability

We show that inducing modulation instability with a weak modulation whose frequency is such that its second harmonic falls within the band of instability may lead to asynchronous Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence and efficient transfer of power from the pump into the second harmonic of the modulation, resulting in a periodic modulation at the second harmonic with extinction ratios in excess of 30 dB.     

Cross-phase modulation induced performance degradation in nonlinear optical loop mirror switch

Performance deterioration induced by cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the basic nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) switch unit in the digital optical communication system and analog microwave photonic communication system is studied by using the split-step Fourier method (SSFM) that can solve the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE). The simulation results show that the switching performance of basic NOLM unit is distorted by the XPM induced nonreciprocity when the splitting ratio of NOLM coupler f ≠ 0.5 and the distortion effect would be more serious with the increase of the working speed or the modulation bandwidth. In the digital optical communication system, the power transmission function of NOLM decreases in the range of 0 < f < 0.5 and increases in the range of 0.5 < f < 1. In the analog microwave photonic communication system, XPM induces the distortion of waveforms and the leak of side lobes. And the larger the modulation bandwidth is, the larger the leak of side lobes is.     

基于线性光放大器的交叉相位调制波长转换啁啾特性研究

建立了基于线性光放大器(LOA)的交叉相位调制波长转换模型,模型考虑了纵向载流子密度变化引起的有源区折射率的改变、端面反射、相位调制、放大的自发辐射噪声和横向垂直光场(VCL)的增益钳制作用。利用分段方法模拟计算了布拉格反射镜的反射率、偏置电流、信号光和探测光的功率和波长、信号速率与转换后信号啁啾的关系。结果表明:LOA具有增益钳制作用,能提高转换后信号的性能;增大布拉格反射镜的反射率可以降低转换后信号的啁啾;合理控制输入信号光和探测光的强度,调整干涉仪两臂LOA偏置电流的强度,可以获得啁啾较小的转换信号。     

同步双脉冲激光致声研究

利用高速摄像机拍摄了同步双脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生激光空泡的运动过程。分析了该条件下产生的四种典型激光声信号特性,初步计算了光声能量转换效率。研究结果表明:通过调节脉冲激光的能量差,可以控制激光声信号峰值间隔,提高激光声信号脉宽;两空泡之间无量纲距离为1.5时,溃灭过程中出现融合现象,融合过程中空泡热力学能转化为机械能,融合后形成的单个空泡能量变大,其溃灭产生的激光声信号主频降低;同步双脉冲激光聚焦击穿情况下的光声能量转换效率为6%~10%。     

Photonic generation of millimeter-wave ultra-wideband signal using phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion and frequency up-conversion

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycles. The scheme is realized by using delay interferometer (DI) based phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM–IM) conversion and carrier suppression modulation (CSM) based frequency up-conversion. The phase modulation is realized by using either electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) or cross phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is an all-optical approach to obtaining baseband UWB signals, respectively. After frequency up-converted by using CSM in a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals complying with the Federal Communication Committee (FCC) requirements is generated. The bi-phase modulation (BPM) of 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals can also be realized by electrically switching the bias voltage of delay interferometer.     

Spiral tip meandering induced by excitability modulation

In this work, we introduce a spatiotemporal modulation for excitability into an excitable medium, the Barkley model. The modulation can make the spiral wave tip meandering. Various types of periodic spiral and quasiperiodic meandering spiral motions can be observed numerically by varying the modulation. And the theoretical analysis for the conditions of Hopf bifurcation, based on an ordinary-differential-equation (ODE) model, is applied to well explain the rich behaviors of numerical simulations.     

Synchronization of chaotic VCSELs by external chaotic signal parameter modulation

Synchronization of chaotic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs） is achieved by external chaotic signal modulation successfully. Simulation indicates that we can get chaos synchronization if the intensity of external chaotic signal is large enough. First of all, we use direct current modulation to achieve the chaos of VCSELs, and determine the laser＇s chaotic state by analyzing time series of the output and the corresponding power spectrum. And then we achieve synchronization of the two chaotic systems by external chaotic signal parameter modulation. We also find that the larger the modulation intensity is, the easier it is to achieve synchronization for chaotic VCSELs. This approach can also be applied to systems with a number of modulated lasers.     

Audio signal modulation caused by self-excited vibrations of magnetic tape

The longitudinal vibrations of a magnetic tape can cause distortion of a reproduced signal. The dependence of the distortion on the various system parameters has been investigated. The self-excited vibrations of a tape, caused by friction against the heads and guides, have been analyzed. It can be stated on the basis of the relationships obtained both when the self-excited vibrations can be generated and what parameters the amplitude of these vibrations depends on. The tape path can be optimized on this basis. The amplitude of vibration is inversely proportional to the natural frequency. The fundamental natural mode is the most important because of the frequency range of a tape recorder. Stability of multi-frequency cycles has been tested. The internal loss limits the amplitude of the vibrations and prevents generation of higher natural modes. The tests have been made on a high fidelity reel tape recorder. Sidebands caused by vibrations of the tape have been observed. An additional scrape flutter idler does not eliminate these vibrations. The self-excited vibrations are still generated but with lower frequency and higher amplitude. The sidebands become closer to the carrier signal and because of this are better masked by the carrier frequency.     

Effect of synchronous modulation on the soliton optical phase

We show that soliton regeneration through synchronous modulation reduces both amplitude and optical phase noise in a squeezinglike fashion. However, control of optical phase noise is found not to be sufficient to permit error-free phase-shift-keyed soliton transmission, as confirmed by numerical simulations.     

Transmitting a signal by amplitude modulation in a chaotic network

We discuss the ability of a model of network with nonlinear units and chaotic dynamics to transmit signals, on the basis of a linear response theory developed by Ruelle [D. Ruelle, J. Stat. Phys. 95, 393 (1999)] for dissipative systems. We discuss in particular how the dynamics may interfere with the graph topology to produce an effective transmission network, whose topology depends on the signal, and cannot be directly read on the "wired" network. Then, we show examples where, with a suitable choice of the carrier frequency (resonance), one can transmit a signal from a node to another one by amplitude modulation, in spite of chaos. Also, we give an example where a signal, transmitted to any node via different paths, can only be recovered by a couple of specific nodes. This opens up the possibility for encoding data in a way such that the recovery of the signal requires the knowledge of the carrier frequency and can be performed only at some specific node.     

信号处理改善波长调制光谱灵敏度的实验研究

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱，提出了一种新的信号处理方法用于提高吸收光谱测量的灵敏度. 研究结果表明：采用信号处理（DSP）可以使波长调制光谱的信噪比提高一个数量级,且测量CO₂分子的时候发现一条新谱线. 这些信号处理包括多次平均、数字低通滤波以及最小二乘法拟合. 由于该方法不需要增加设备的复杂性，所以比其他噪声抑制技术更容易在实验中实施、有更实际的应用价值. 关键词： 波长调制 信号处理 半导体激光器 吸收光谱     

Error-free OTDM demultiplexer using the supercontinuum spectrum-slicing induced clock signal

We experimentally demonstrate an 80-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) demultiplexing system based on the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in high-nonlinearity fibers. The message carried by OTDM signal is loaded onto the probe signal by sampling the OTDM packet with a 10-GHz stable and controllable clock pulse train. The clock signal with ~ 11 ps pulse width is achieved by employing supercontinuum spectrum-slicing technique, which is distinct from that based on mode-locked lasers. The demultiplexed signal is obtained by filtering out the XPM-induced spectral sidebands of the probe signal. The OTDM demultiplexer based on this novel technique shows excellent performances and contributes to a bit error rate of as low as 10⁻⁹.