35-110kV高温超导电缆终端低温恒温器热负荷分析

高温超导电缆终端是运行在低温的超导电缆芯向常温的高压母线过渡和制冷剂进出口的汇集组件,为了获得有效的超导电缆运行的低温环境,设计了一套电缆与终端可拆卸的恒温器,系统采用过冷液氮循环,液氮既是冷却介质,又是高电压绝缘介质。通过传热理论对恒温器的热负荷进行了计算,得到了用于35-110kV电压等级、额定电流交流2 000A的高温超导电缆低温恒温器主要漏热,尤其对终端交流电流引线进行了优化计算。计算结果表明,在现有设计结构下,恒温器的漏热量小于300W;从热负荷分布分析,电流引线漏热为主要漏热,支撑及传输管线的传导漏热占系统总漏热的22%左右。计算结果为该高温超导电缆终端低温系统的设计和进一步优化提供了依据。     

高温超导直流电缆系统设计及漏热分析北大核心

近年来,高温超导技术研究在输配电领域取得了显著的进展,超导电缆应用技术成为其重点发展方向。其中,冷却系统的设计是保证超导电缆输配电系统稳定运行的关键技术。针对一套高温超导直流电缆系统中的终端恒温器、电流引线和超导电缆本体等关键部件进行了漏热分析,并通过理论计算和有限元仿真,对高温超导电缆系统的热负荷进行了评估,为该系统可靠运行提供了保障。     

高温超导直流电缆系统设计及漏热分析

近年来,高温超导技术研究在输配电领域取得了显著的进展,超导电缆应用技术成为其重点发展方向。其中,冷却系统的设计是保证超导电缆输配电系统稳定运行的关键技术。针对一套高温超导直流电缆系统中的终端恒温器、电流引线和超导电缆本体等关键部件进行了漏热分析,并通过理论计算和有限元仿真,对高温超导电缆系统的热负荷进行了评估,为该系统可靠运行提供了保障。     

长距离室温绝缘超导直流电缆的热损耗分析

以中国科学院电工研究所研制的360m/10kA高温超导直流电缆为原型,分析了长距离应用场景下的室温绝缘高温超导直流电缆的杜瓦管道、电缆终端、通电导体和制冷工质等部位的热损耗特性并计算了其数值,讨论了长距离应用下对热损耗的特别考虑,给出所拟模型电缆的单位长度热损耗为1.3W/m,提出了将电缆本体和终端进行分别制冷的策略。分析计算结果是长距离应用室温绝缘高温超导直流电缆的热力学-流体力学特性分析、热负荷管理和低温制冷站配置工作的重要参考。     

35kV/2kA高温超导电力电缆终端

电力电缆已被确认为高温超导技术产业化的重要项目之一.电力电缆在终端处屏蔽层终断、因电场集中,故需改善电场分布和加强电绝缘;超导电缆终端还是运行在低温的超导电缆芯向常温的高压母线过渡和制冷剂进出口的汇集组件.前期研发的试验终端已初步解决了终端恒温器结构、电流引线优化、可分离低阻接头和耐高电压的绝缘液氮接管设计和相关试验研究,在额定电流2kA情况下每对终端的热负荷210W,并进行了5项高电压绝缘试验.     

35kV/1.0kA冷绝缘高温超导电缆温度分布

针对35 kV/1.0 kA单相冷绝缘高温超导电缆及以液氮为低温冷却介质的单通道循环冷却系统,研究超导电缆轴向和径向温度分布。根据冷绝缘高温超导电缆的结构特点,计算了超导电缆的热负荷,建立了超导电缆热分析数学模型和热平衡方程。通过求解热平衡方程,得到了稳态运行时超导电缆的轴向和径向温度分布,为超导电缆低温系统的设计与优化提供了重要的参考价值。     

波纹管对超导电缆出口液氮温度的影响

建立了30米长高温超导电缆的二维模型,利用Fluent软件对该模型进行仿真分析。在该模型中,采用波纹管恒温器,分析了波纹管的波距、波高等因素对出口液氮温度的影响。结果表明:在相同的热负荷及流量下,波纹管的波距越小,波高越大,出口液氮温度越高。超导电缆波纹管内液氮温度模拟,为低温冷却系统的优化设计提供理论依据。     

高温超导电缆终端预制式应力锥的设计与分析北大核心

高温超导电缆终端是高温超导电缆系统的重要组成部分。借鉴常规电缆终端预制式应力锥的设计理论,结合高温超导带材的特殊工作特性,选用耐低温的绝缘材料,对高温超导电缆终端预制式应力锥进行设计。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对设计的高温超导电缆终端预制式应力锥进行建模和仿真计算,得到终端处的电场和电位分布,并将仿真结果和理论计算结果进行对比分析,验证设计的可行性,为进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

高温超导电缆终端预制式应力锥的设计与分析

高温超导电缆终端是高温超导电缆系统的重要组成部分。借鉴常规电缆终端预制式应力锥的设计理论,结合高温超导带材的特殊工作特性,选用耐低温的绝缘材料,对高温超导电缆终端预制式应力锥进行设计。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对设计的高温超导电缆终端预制式应力锥进行建模和仿真计算,得到终端处的电场和电位分布,并将仿真结果和理论计算结果进行对比分析,验证设计的可行性,为进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

大型矩形铝冷屏研制

冷屏是加速器用低温恒温器重要的组件之一,大型恒温器采用铝制冷屏为安装调试提供了极大方便。本文阐述了加速器用低温恒温器大型铝冷屏的设计方法,详细介绍了冷屏的结构设计、热设计及数值模拟与计算,最后介绍了铝管与铝板的焊接结构设计,解决了铝管焊接在低温下容易产生低温冷漏的问题,为其它加速器低温恒温器冷屏设计和类似装置冷屏设计提供参考。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.