过硫酸钾氧化4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定地表水中挥发酚

在pH值为10.0±0.2的缓冲溶液中,以过硫酸钾溶液作氧化剂,用经乙醇和正己烷(1+4)混合溶液提纯的4-氨基安替比林(4-AAP)作显色剂,采用三氯甲烷分光光度法测定地表水中挥发酚.结果表明,经乙醇和正己烷(1+4)混合溶液提纯的4-AAP,损失较少,且纯度较高,有利于准确配制4-AAP溶液.此外,稳定、无色的过硫...     

溴酸钠和氯化铁为助催化剂2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶催化醇的氧化

建立了溴酸钠和氯化铁为助催化剂2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶(NaBrO₃-FeCl₃-TEMPO)新型催化体系,以苯甲醇的氧化为研究对象,得出各成分与底物的最佳物质的量比为:2%TEMPO、35%NaBrO₃、3.7%H₂SO₄、2%FeCl₃·6H₂O。该体系在室温下可有效实现芳香醇、脂肪醇及杂环醇的氧化,收率高(99%)、选择性强(99%),在无氧条件下,仍表现出较好的催化活性。     

活化过硫酸盐原位化学氧化修复有机污染土壤和地下水

原位化学氧化 （ISCO）是近些年来国内外较为推崇的一种土壤和地下水修复技术。过硫酸盐（PS,S₂O₈^2-）具有易运输、较稳定、易溶于水和易传质等性质,能很好地适应ISCO的发展要求。它在光、热、过渡金属离子、强氧化剂和强碱性环境等活化条件下,能产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基SO₄^·-,适用于氧化降解各种有机污染物。本文在分析活化过硫酸盐（activated persulfate,APS）氧化机理的基础上,综述了不同方式活化过硫酸盐原位修复有机污染土壤和地下水及APS协同、联用技术的应用,并就值得深入研究的问题和热点趋势进行了展望。     

Oxidation of Benzyl Halides to Aldehydes and Ketones with Potassium Nitrate Catalyzed by Phase-Transfer Catalyst in Aqueous Media

The catalytic oxidation of benzyl halides to aldehydes and ketones in aqueous media was studied under relatively mild reaction conditions by using phase-transfer catalyst combined with potassium nitrate and 10% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. As a result, a simple high-yield procedure has been developed.     

Reactions of heterocyclic paramagnetic aldonitrone, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, with alkynes

The reactions of heterocyclic paramagnetic aldonitrone,viz., 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, with mono- and disubstituted alkynes afford unstable isoxazoline derivatives. The reactions with monosubstituted alkynes yield predominantly 5-substituted regioisomers. The resulting isoxazoline derivatives are readily (and often spontaneously) converted into enaminoketones,viz, imidazolidine-1-oxyl derivatives. In the presence of tolan, the title paramagnetic aldonitrone gives a dimer in which one imidazoline ring undergoes profound transformation. The structure of the resulting dimer was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 112–117, January, 2000.     

过硫酸钾氧化4-氨基安替比林光度法测定地表水中挥发酚

在 pH 值为10.0±0.2的缓冲溶液中,以过硫酸钾溶液作氧化剂,用经乙醇和正己烷(1+4)混合溶液提纯的4-氨基安替比林(4-AAP)作显色剂,采用三氯甲烷分光光度法测定地表水中挥发酚。结果表明,经乙醇和正己烷(1+4)混合溶液提纯的4-AAP,损失较少,且纯度较高,有利于准确配制4-AAP溶液。此外,稳定、无色的过硫酸钾溶液代替稳定性差、有毒的铁氰化钾溶液作氧化剂,有利于降低空白值,且显色稳定,方法检出限为0.3μg/L,满足标准方法的要求。本方法用于测定地表水中的挥发酚,平均加标回收率为96.0%。     

硫酸溶液中Ag+离子对Mn2+离子阳极氧化的催化作用

Anodic oxidation of Mn2+ and Ag+ ions and anodic oxidation of Mn2+ ion on platinum electrode in H2SO4 solution catalyzed by Ag+ ion are studied by using RRDE and triangle voltammetry techniques. Mn2+ ion is oxidized on the anode surface with adsorped OH group to form a certain compound containing Mn3+, which causes Mn2+difficult to be oxidized directly on anode. Near the potential of oxygen evolution from H2O decomposition, Ag+ ion is oxidized to form Ag2+ ion. This is the main reaction on anode because of its reversability. At higher potential silver oxide is formed on the anode. The oxide catalyzes the decomposition of H2O strongly. The anodic oxidation of Mn2+ion catalyzed by Ag+ takes place and Ag2+ ion and silver oxide are no longer the product of Ag+ anodic oxidation when Mn2+ exists in solution at the potential for Ag+ anodic oxidation. It is confirmed that the catalysis reaction is homogeneous and very fast.     

高锰酸钾氧化法合成2-甲酸吡啶

以2-甲基吡啶为原料,水为溶剂,经80℃下高锰酸钾氧化和乙醇重结晶得到2-甲酸吡啶;采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振谱仪表征了目标产物的结构;考察了高锰酸钾用量、溶剂用量和反应时间对产物收率的影响,讨论了重结晶试剂的选择,进而确定了合成2-甲酸吡啶的较优条件.结果表明:以水作反应溶剂,控制原料和高锰酸钾的摩尔比为1∶2.3时,反应时间为5~6 h,以乙醇重结晶,目标产物的总收率达79.7%.     

Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Halides to Carbonyl Compounds with Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by TEMPO/KNO2 in Aqueous Media

Benzylic halides were successfully oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good to excellent yields in aqueous media with molecular oxygen as oxidant in the presence of catalytic amounts of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxy) and potassium nitrite (KNO₂).     

Oxidation of 3-(3-or 4-pyridyl)-1,5-diphenylformazans in tetrazolium trichlorometallates: Structural and electrochemical investigation

On interacting pyridine-containing formazans with cobalt(II) and copper(II) chlorides the richlorometallates of the corresponding cations are isolated, the structures of which were established by X-ray structural analysis. Using data of cyclic voltamperometry a scheme is proposed for the oxidation-reduction process of converting formazans into tetrazolium cations. Dedicated to deeply respected Academician M. G. Voronkov in connection with his birthday and as a mark of gratitude for his contribution to heterocyclic chemistry __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1682–1696, November, 2006.     

Crystal Structure of Copper(II) and Cobalt(II) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Complexes with 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-4-phenyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide

The crystal structures of the copper(II) and cobalt(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate complexes with the nitroxide 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-phenyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PhImOx) Cu(hfac)₂(PhImOx), Co(hfac)₂(PhImOx), and Co(hfac)₂(PhImOx)₂ have been determined. The former two are chain type complexes, whereas the latter has a molecular structure. The coordination polyhedra of the copper and cobalt atoms are tetragonally distorted octahedra. In the two chain type compounds, the octahedra are formed from the hfac anion, nitroxyl, and N-oxide O atoms; in the molecular complex, the O atoms of the NO groups are not coordinated to the metal atoms. In the structure of Cu(hfac)₂(PhImOx), F...F contacts equal to 2.805 have been found.     

Reaction of 4H- and 2H-imidazole oxides with organolithium compounds,a novel route to stable nitroxyl radicals of the 2(3)-imidazoline series

Reactions of 4H and 2H-imidazole oxides with phenyl- and methyilithium followed by oxidation afford stable nitroxyl radicals — derivatives of 2- and 3-imidazolines including otherwise inaccessible sterically hindered radicals of the latter group. An unusual reaction, the formation of 2-azabutadiene derivatives after NO elimination in the dark, has been observed for pentaphenyl- and 5-methyltetraphenyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyls.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 933–936, May, 1993.     

单双核金属配合物选择性催化氧化对甲氧基苦杏仁酸

制备了以铜、钴、锰为中心离子的三种单核金属配合物L¹Cu、L¹Co、L¹Mn (L¹=N,N'-(2-羟乙基)丙二酰胺)和三种双核金属配合物L²Cu、L²Co、L²Mn (L²=N,N'-{2-(2-羟乙基氨基)乙基}丙二酰胺). 研究发现在缓冲溶液中六种金属配合物能将对甲氧基苦杏仁酸(4-MMA)高选择性地氧化成对甲氧基苯甲醛(AAD)以及少量对甲氧基苯甲酸(4-MBA), AAD的选择性(S)大于96%. 然而不同的催化体系在反应速率上表现了很大的不同: 铜金属配合物的催化活性最好; 双核配合物表现出更高的催化效率. 研究了酒石酸(TA)、磷酸(H₃O₄)、醋酸(HAc)三种缓冲溶液体系对L¹Cu催化H₂O₂氧化4-MMA反应的影响, 结果表明缓冲溶液种类对反应速率和选择性影响很大.研究了35℃时弱酸性条件(pH值从2.5到4.5的范围内)在酒石酸缓冲溶液中六种金属配合物催化H₂O₂氧化4-MMA的动力学, 计算出不同pH值条件下催化反应的表观反应速率常数k_obs, 并且讨论了pH值对催化反应的影响.     

Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Catalyzed by Cu-Mn Mixed Oxides and 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-piperidyl- 1-oxy1

Heterogeneous Cu-Mn mixed oxides can mediate TEMPO-catalyzed selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by molecular oxygen under neutral condition, and is recyclable. In the case of the molar ratio of Cu and Mn over 1, the highly-dispersed CuO inside the Cu-Mn mixed oxides is responsible for the good performances in catalytic oxidation.     

TS-1/H2O2体系催化二乙胺氧化竞争反应

系统研究了TS-1/H2O2催化二乙胺(DEA)氧化制备二乙基羟胺(DEHA)的反应规律,考察了DEA氧化及DEHA氧化反应之间的竞争关系.结果表明,H2O2以连续方式进料时,DEA转化率及H2O2有效利用率明显提高,而反应体系中DEA/H2O2的摩尔比对DEHA选择性的影响较大.TS-1既可催化DEA的氧化,又可催化...     

溴化钾催化硫化物、硝酸铵和 SiO2-OSO3H 固体酸的氧化反应

A convenient and selective catalytic method for the sulfoxidation of aliphatic and aromatic sulfides by treatment of NH4NO3, silica sulfuric acid, wet SiO2 (50% w/w) and a catalytic amount of KBr in CH2Cl2 at room temperature was developed. Many sulfides can be selectively oxidized at room temperature in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds without over-oxidation to sulfones under mild conditions.     

钾掺杂g-C3N4薄膜光阳极的制备及光电催化氧化降解水中双氯芬酸钠性能

兼具高光学质量和电化学性能的薄膜光电极难以制备, 限制了光电催化氧化技术在水处理中的的应用. 本文采用原位煅烧法制备了负载在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃上的石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)薄膜电极, 并通过掺杂K⁺提高其光电催化氧化性能; 对电极进行了表征, 研究了其光电催化氧化降解水中双氯芬酸钠(DCF)的效率及降解路径. 结果表明, 原位煅烧法能制备出高质量的K⁺/g-C₃N₄薄膜光电极, K⁺的掺杂并未明显改变电极上g-C₃N₄的晶型、 价态和多孔形貌, 但可以提高ITO玻璃上g-C₃N₄的负载量, 增强电极对可见光的响应; K⁺的最佳掺杂浓度为0.002 mol/L, K⁺/g-C₃N₄薄膜电极光电催化氧化降解DCF的速率常数是纯g-C₃N₄薄膜电极的1.86倍; 当初始pH值为4, 电压为1 V, 光源强度为0.96 W/cm², 反应2 h后水中DCF降解率达到70%. K⁺/g-C₃N₄薄膜电极光电催化氧化过程中, 光催化氧化和电化学氧化之间存在协同作用, 两者相互增强, 并提高了反应过程中光生 空穴(h⁺)和羟基自由基(·OH)浓度, 在这两种活性物质作用下, 水中DCF分别被h⁺氧化生成咔唑衍生物、 与·OH发生加成反应生成多羟基芳香化合物, 最后开环生成小分子物质.     

4-N,N-二甲胺基吡啶促进乙酸钴—溴苄催化甲苯氧化

以乙酸钴和溴苄为催化剂,考察了三乙胺、2,6-二甲基吡啶、吡啶、4-羧基吡啶和4-N,N-二甲氨基吡啶等不同含氮有机化合物对甲苯氧化反应的影响.结果发现4-N,N-二甲氨基吡啶表现出促进效应,并探讨了其促进机制.     

Na2WO4—H2O2酸体系催化氧化1—甲氧基—2—丙醇的研究

研究了Na2WO4-H2O2体系在催化氧化1-甲氧基-2-丙醇为甲氧基丙酮反应中的催化活性,发现酸助剂及添加物对甲氧基丙酮的收率有较大的影响。酸助剂中,NaHSO4对活性的促进作用最好;而H2PO4^-和HPO4^2-对体系的活性不利。极性小分子甲醇、乙腈可促进1-甲氧其-2-丙醇的氧化,提高甲氧基丙酮的收率。同时还考察了甲醇量对甲氧基丙酮收率的影响。     

功能离子液体催化分子氧氧化醇为醛酮

2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧自由基哌啶醇(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol-N-oxyl,TEMPO)与氯乙酰氯反应生成2-氯乙酸-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-氧-4-哌啶醇酯,该酯与N-甲基咪唑发生季铵化反应后再与六氟磷酸钾进行离子交换制得2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧自由基哌啶醇负载离子液体TEMPO-IL。温和条件下以离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,[bmim]PF6)为溶剂,TEMPO-IL和CuCl为催化剂,分子氧氧化各种醇为相应的醛或酮。研究发现,该氧化体系对苄醇和烯丙醇有较好的氧化效果,65℃下反应10h左右,转化率可达99%,收率可达80%~90%。氧化体系对醛酮有高度的选择性,在实验所采用的条件范围内未检测到有羧酸生成。溶剂和催化剂可循环使用,在苯甲醇的氧化中,溶剂和催化剂循环使用6次,反应转化率和苯甲醛的收率保持不变。