水下移动平台网络化协同探测技术发展*

在水下网络中心战（UWNCW）思想的指引下，UUV、鱼雷兵器等水下移动平台网络化协同探测是必然的发展趋势。本文阐述了协同探测网络拓扑结构、网络节点空时统一的关键问题；针对水声复杂信道给通信组网带来的困难，给出了协同探测网络中时变信道自适应复合调制、信道自适应接入机制和移动通信同步的初步方案；并探讨了协同探测的一些关键问题和应用策略，包括跨平台传感器的信息融合、尺度目标的方位分布特征提取以及鱼雷自导多目标协同跟踪。提供的一些计算机仿真结果初步显示了网络化协同探测的优越性。     

水声学研究进展

声学是一门古老而又年轻的科学,水声学是声学的一个分支。本文介绍近年来水声学研究的主要进展。包括新型水声换能器材料、水中非线性声学、匹配场过滤、宽容性信号处理、水声通信、合成孔径成象技术、数据融合、声层析、水下ＧＰＳ技术等。文中还介绍了军事海洋学和基于模型的声呐设计等新概念。     

三维同振球型矢量水听器的特性及其结构设计

本文介绍了一种新型水声接收换能器－三维同振球型矢量水听器,这种水听器可以用来获取水下声场的矢量信息,文中概括地描述了矢量水听器的结构类型及其特性的表征;详细叙述了同振型三维矢量水听器的设计方法,给出了作者所研制的三维同振球型矢量水听器样器的声学特性测试结果。     

水声材料构件声学特性自由场宽带测量装置

介绍一套新建的水声材料构件声学特性自由场宽带测量装置,在开放消声水池中测量水声材料构件大面积样品的复声压反射系数(回声降低)、复声压透射系数(插入损失)和吸声系数,为研究和评定声纳水下声系统、潜艇声隐身等项目所用的水声材料构件设备声学特性提供了标准测试/校准系统.装置应用了宽带压缩脉冲叠加法和宽带指向性声源,最低测量频...     

水声通信技术综述

受制于严重的衰减,电磁波在水中的传播距离非常有限,因此以声波为载体的水声通信是在水下实现无线信息传输的主要方式。水声通信无论是在军事方面还是在民用方面都有重要的作用,随着人类加快开发海洋的步伐,对水声通信技术的需求也变得越来越迫切。文章对水声通信技术进行了综合介绍。首先介绍了水声通信的概念和意义,着重分析了水声信道的特点以及水声通信面临的困难,然后对目前应用较多的几种典型水声通信技术进行了介绍,最后对水声通信技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于分簇技术的水下声传感器网络的时钟同步研究

时钟同步是水下传感器网络节点协作的必要条件。不同于陆地传感器网络,水声信道具有随机的时频变化,声信号传播速率低,具有很大的时延。本文首先研究了水下传感器网络的分簇技术,在分簇的传感器网络中,实现了适用于水下的发送端—接收端的同步协议。通过MATLAB,利用水下声传播特性公式,对水下传感器网络的时钟同步能耗与同步精度之间的关系进行模拟仿真。最后得出了结论,证明了本文的研究意义。     

“深海圆柱水声换能器”专题通过验收

由中国科学院声学研究所承担的国家863计划“深海圆柱水声换能器研制”专题于2006年3月8日顺利通过专家组验收，所研制的深海水声换能器达到、部分指标超过国外某些同类产品水平。该专题是面向国家863计划重大专项“7000m载人潜水器”的技术储备研究，主要是研发可用于7000m水下工作的深海水声换能器，掌握其相关设计技术和制造方法。     

动态水声环境不确定性的预报与估计

水声环境具有强烈的时空易变性,为了解其变化中的规律和产生的不确定性,将POM海洋数值模型和水声传播模型FOR3D进行耦合,建立海洋—声学耦合数值模式。对海区的温盐等环境参数和水下声场进行预报,给出了典型断面的温度垂直结构、实验海区声速剖面和传播损失。同时,采用集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)方法结合海洋—声学耦合数值模式分析了水声环境的不确定性,对不同深度与频率下,传播损失的均值与满足90%的可能区间进行了计算,同时给出了不同点声速、传播损失、声纳作用距离的不确定性直方图。和实验数据的对比结果表明该方法具有较高的有效性,能对水声环境的不确定性进行合理的预报与估计。     

隐蔽通信中基于水声信道的密钥生成技术*

水声传感器网络实现了高度智能化、自主性强、分布式、全天候的水下信息采集、传输、处理及融合,是水下目标的监测、定位、跟踪与分类等应用的最佳选择之一。针对隐蔽传输中的加密,提出了基于水声信道响应特征产生密钥的方法,通过利用水声信道的短时相关性,通信双方实时的产生加密密钥,以保证信息的保密性能。通过将信息隐藏技术和密钥生成技术相结合,确保水声信息的隐蔽传输。仿真与试验结果表明,基于提出的密钥生成方法能够生成匹配密钥,为水声隐蔽通信提供加密支持。     

水下立体声音响获尤里卡金奖

中国科学院声学研究所研制的水下立体声音响,参加了1988年12月在布鲁塞尔举行的世界发明博览会,荣获尤里卡金奖。 水下立体声音响是供水上芭蕾舞、花样游泳比赛和训练用的一种专用水声设备。过去在这方面我国一直是空白,完全依赖进口。为了满足我国日益发展的水上芭蕾舞及潜泳比赛和训练的需要,中国科学院声学研究所近年来研制了适合各种需要的水下音响设备。这些设备的特点是:水下扬声器的体积小、重量     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.