接近开关实验的设计

对磁性、电感式和电容式三种接近开关的作用原理作了说明，对运用这些接近开关做实验的装益和方法做了设计．通过该实验，学生能了解到这些接近开关的工作原理与应用特点．     

新型霍尔元件物理特性实验装置的制作

设计并制作了一套新型实验装置,通过线性和开关型霍尔元件特性测试的巧妙组合,得到开关型霍尔元件开关磁感应强度的大小及其磁滞回特性曲线.该实验装置可帮助学生加深对霍尔元件物理特性的认识.     

一种新型的换向开关——冲击法测磁化曲线实验的改进

本文通过对冲击检流计原理构造和测量实例的简要阐述,分析了换向开关在用冲击检流计进行精密测量过程中对测量结果误差的影响,说明了对目前实验中所使用的换向开关进行改进的必要性,并介绍了一种我们最近设计的新型换向开关,以及用它消除误差的原理。用冲击法测量磁性材料的特性或磁状态,是高校物理系学生应当掌握的实验方法之一。而在这一类实验中必不可少的仪器设备便是冲击检流计和换向开关。目前普遍使用的换向开关都是双刀双掷开关,就是先得将电路断开,然后再接通,即必须经过一个     

巧用声光控开关演示光敏电阻特性

利用声光控延时开关设计了演示光敏电阻特性并测量光敏电阻阻值的实验,增强了学生对光敏电阻的认识.     

基于PSpice的电爆丝断路开关数值仿真

电爆丝断路开关是在电感储能系统中广泛应用的断路开关,其具有结构简单、成本低、截断能力强的特点。介绍了电爆丝工作的基本原理,其本质为一个快速增长的电阻,利用高阻抗来实现断流。通过PSpice软件建立了电流通过电爆丝断路开关工作时,其电阻变化的模型,从而可以仿真电爆丝断路开关的工作过程。设计了一组电爆丝断路开关的实验,PSpice模型仿真结果同实验结果进行了比较。结果发现,该模型起爆时刻,产生电压幅值等方面和实验结果比较接近,说明该模型比较科学合理,对以后的电爆丝断路开关的设计具有较大的参考价值。分析了产生误差的原因及该种仿真方法的局限性。     

便携式脉冲形成线设计与实验研究

采用聚酯薄膜为绝缘材料,设计了一种小型化便携式层绕Blumlein线,其主要特点是采用S型层绕的方法对薄膜介质平板Blumlein线进行绕制,使形成线的体积小,结构紧凑,有利于脉冲功率源小型化、实用化的发展。其集成了薄膜电容器易卷绕、耐高压、储能强的优势,同时具备了传输线的特点。采用气体火花间隙开关,对S型薄膜介质脉冲形成线的耐压特性及负载输出波形进行了实验研究。结果表明:开关的导通特性对脉冲形成线的负载输出波形有很大的影响,开关电感及开关抖动等因素会影响脉冲波形的前后沿,使输出脉冲方波波形质量变差。采用PSpice软件对实验等效电路进行了模拟,得到了与实验一致的结果。设计的Blumlein线体积为50 cm18 cm12 cm,承载电压50 kV,负载输出脉冲上升沿50 ns,平顶宽度120 ns。     

纳秒级Trigatron开关触发特性

设计了一种Trigatron开关,以Tesla型GW级纳秒脉冲源为实验平台,实验研究了不同电压极性组合、触发电压、触发间隙、触发极直径和触发脉冲宽度对开关触发特性的影响。实验研究结果表明:开关电压极性组合、触发电压、触发间隙对开关触发特性影响较大,在各欠压比条件下差异均十分明显,触发极直径和触发脉冲宽度对开关的触发特性影响较小。根据实验结果优化了开关结构和工作参数,获得的开关抖动最低可达0.1 ns。     

基于光导开关的激光二极管触发三电极气体开关研究北大核心CSCD

为实现激光二极管对气体开关的触发,采用从主回路开关两侧取电的基于光导开关一体化激光二极管触发气体开关结构,并对基于光导开关一体化激光二极管触发三电极气体开关进行了初步实验,实现了激光二极管输出能量83μJ条件下40 kV/8 kA三电极气体开关的可靠触发,证明了技术可行性。但实验中的实测光导开关的工作寿命仅约数百次。     

与偏振无关双向2×2和4×4自由空间光开关

利用成熟的偏振控制技术,设计了一种由偏振光分束器、相位型空间光调制器和反射镜构成的2×2光开关,该光开关所用器件少,具有结构简单紧凑、控制灵活方便、功能实现与信号光的偏振态无关以及可以双向交换等特点;在此基础上通过2×2光开关的串连,设计了一种与偏振无关的双向4×4光开关的实验模块,根据其路由选择与控制方法,得到了4×4光开关实现信号光全排列无阻塞输出与交换对应的路由状态表,并对该实验模块的功能实现进行了详细的分析与讨论。     

2 MV激光触发气体开关实验研究

介绍了2 MV激光触发多级气体开关在强光一号加速器上的实验研究工作。给出了实验方案,激光触发信号采用轴向引入的方法,激光光路穿过二极管,沿水线轴向引入开关;分析了开关自击穿实验和触发实验的实验结果,总结了实验中出现的问题并对其原因进行了分析,提出了改进措施。 结果表明,开关最大工作电压2 MV,最大电流大于600 kA,当欠压比88.3%时,激光触发开关的平均延时34.2 ns,抖动小于3.86 ns。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.