石墨内导PVC膜pH电极用作内电极的氨气敏电极的研制

本文报道了用石墨内导及中性载体PVC膜平头pH电极作内电极的氨气敏电极,比较了二壬胺、三壬胺、三辛胺、Amberlite LA-1及LA-2等中性载体用作pH敏感PVC膜内电极电活性材料的性能,pH敏感电极端部与聚四氟乙烯或其它多孔气透膜接触,形成0.01M NH_4Cl-0.1M NaCl中介液(AgCl饱和)的薄层。以LA-2为电活性材料时氨电极的线性范围为1.0×10~(-1)-1.0×10~(-5)M,检测下限8.0×10~(-6)M,斜率55.3mV/pc。讨论了氨电极的响应时间,重现性和使用寿命及有关实验参量对电极性能的影响。电极已试用于屠宰场废水中氛氮和硝酸盐氮总量的测定。     

基于聚氨基苯硼酸修饰电极的新型pH传感器

采用电聚合方法制备了聚氨基苯硼酸(PABA)膜修饰玻碳电极的新型pH传感器。利用红外图谱和交流阻抗谱对PABA膜的修饰进行了表征。考察了该修饰电极在不同pH的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中的循环伏安响应。结果表明,阴极还原峰电位与底液pH具有良好的线性关系,线性范围为pH 2.01~8.00,能斯特响应斜率为-153 mV/pH。将该修饰电极用于弱酸及中性实际样品pH测定,结果满意。     

硬脂酸单分子膜上电沉积Ag膜的研究

通过电沉积方法,以气/液界面上形成的硬脂酸单分子膜为模板诱导沉积金属银膜.考察了镀液pH值、单分子膜表面压及沉积电位对银膜形貌及结构的影响.实验发现,酸性镀液的气/液界面上形成的单分子膜不能诱导沉积银,而在中性和碱性镀液的气/液界面上可以诱导银膜的生长.当单分子膜处于液态或固态时,气/液界面有银膜形成;液态单分子膜上的银膜生长速度较快,且银膜的结构一致.随着电极电位的升高,银膜沉积的速度加快,呈环状向外生长的圆形银膜逐渐变得不规则.将不同实验条件下的银膜转移出来,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对银膜的结构与形貌进行了表征.研究表明,银首先在单分子膜上异相成核,由八面体构型逐渐发展成星型,最终在气/液界面形成具有松枝状微观结构的光亮银膜.     

卷烟主流烟气pH值测定方法的研究

本实验提出了一种测定每一口主流烟气pH值的新方法。实验以10%PEG-20000/0.1 M氯化钠水溶液在pH复合电极表面形成吸收液膜作为反应介质,以氮气作为载体,与抽吸的主流烟气一起进入测量室,可溶性气体则溶解在吸收液膜中并引起pH复合电极的信号变化,从而测得每一口烟气的pH值。该方法成功测定了5种成品卷烟每一口主流烟气的pH值,相对标准偏差小于2%,操作简便,适用于测定卷烟每一口主流烟气pH值,结果令人满意。     

微型钾离子选择电极的制备

在中性载体钙电极和缬氨霉素钾电极的高聚物基体或液膜内引入带酯溶性阴离子的盐如四苯硼钾和四对氯苯硼钾,能改善电极膜的性能,增强抗阴离子干扰的能力,或者能降低膜内阻,便于电极微型化。我们曾利用二叔丁基二苯并-30-王冠-10为活性材料制成了具有实用价值的钾离子选择电极。本文介绍在此电极膜内加入适量的四苯硼钾,保持选择性类似的基础上显著地减小了膜内阻,提高了电极的稳定性,用这种膜制成了微型钾离子电极。     

中性载体络合物在离子选择性电极中的应用

近年来,在离子选择性电极领域中的工作主要集中对电极膜中所包括的过程的基本了解以及对新的敏感体的设计。新的离子选择性电极发展的主要方向是液膜电极、气敏电极和酶电极。而在液膜电极中,中性载体离子选择性电极的研究工作是非常活跃和有前途的。正如 G.A.Rechnitz 等人所指出:“在膜相中采用中性载体是液膜离子选择性电极中的一个     

离子选择电极法测定试液中的钠钾比

我们已用SIGMA缬氨霉素为中性载体,制成了PVC膜钾离子选择电极,其性能与Orion 93-19钾电极类似,并已用于测定试液中的钾,又利用合成的三甘酰双二苄胺制成了PVC膜钠离子电极,测定了水样中的钠。本文用这两种电极构成无液接电池,配合双高阻输入离子计,以标准比较法直接测定试液中的钠、钾离子浓度比,测定范围c_(Na+)/c_(K+)为1—10~4;又利用它们互作参比电极,标准加入法分别测定试液中的钠、钾离子浓度,较之采用有液接参比电极的一般标准加入法,精密度有改善。它们的结果与原子吸收法测得的钠量和四苯硼钾重量法测得的钾量颇为一致。     

异丙隆分子印迹敏感膜传感器

在弱酸(pH 5.5)条件下,采用电聚合法在金电极上制备邻氨基酚异丙隆分子印迹膜,对该印迹膜的性能、分子印迹效应和印迹膜对模板分子及其结构相似物的选择性响应等进行了研究.以K3Fe(CN)6为印迹电极和底液间的探针,建立了一种检测异丙隆的方法.该传感器对异丙隆具有良好的选择性和敏感度,异丙隆浓度在1.0×10-7～4.0×10-4 mol/L范围内与K3Fe(CN)6还原峰电流减少量呈线性关系; 检出限为2.95×10-8 mol/L.对农田水中异丙隆含量进行了测定,回收率为99.0%～102.0%.     

溶剂聚合膜pH电极作内电极的气敏电极的研究

研究了以中性载体为活性物的石墨内导平头溶剂聚合膜(SPM)pH电极作内电极的二氧化碳和氨气敏电极。电极的性能取决于中性载体的特性,其中以菸酸十八酯为内电极膜活性物的二氧化碳气敏电极和以二辛基十八胺为活性物的氨气敏电极性能较佳。二氧化碳气敏电极用作丙酮酸脱羧酶酶电极的原电极,其性能院于传统的以玻璃pH电极作内电极的二氧化碳气敏电极。     

水杨酸分子印迹膜电化学传感器的制备

以水杨酸为模板分子,采用循环伏安法电聚合形成聚吡咯膜,以固定电位过氧化法去除印迹分子,制备了水杨酸分子印迹膜电极.本印迹电极能促进水杨酸电氧化过程,有效地避免结构类似物(如苯甲酸)对其测定的干扰.循环伏安法用于电化学检测,当富集时间为10 min,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.86 时,在1.0×10-6～2.0×10-3 mol/L浓度范围内,水杨酸氧化峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.8 μmol/L, 用分子印迹膜电极对加标样品进行分析,回收率为94.6%～103.4%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.