4-D image reconstruction for Streak Tube Imaging Lidar

The Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) which is the flash laser radar is developed in recently years. It can output the 4-D image (3-D range image + 1-D intensity image). The core part of STIL is the streak tube, which is a line array detector. STIL can directly collect the image of returned light pulse, and consequently, it can’t output the 4-D target image. In the paper, the peak detection as the reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the multiple streak tube images, and the clear 4-D target images are obtained. The outdoor imaging experiments are completed for the far distance buildings. The reconstruction for the multiple streak tube images is finished, and the results state that the peak detection algorithm can output the high-resolution 4-D target images. Original Text ? Astro, Ltd., 2009. The article is published in the original.     

Experiments of ocean surface waves and underwater target detection imaging using a slit Streak Tube Imaging Lidar

This letter describes a flash Lidar imaging technique that uses a streak tube camera as a receiver to detect short scale surface wave fields for oceanographic, underwater target and coastal measurements. The range and intensity imaging of short scale sea-waves and underwater targets can be supplied by this system through light reflected from the surface of the sea and targets. Through a surface scattering model, more accurate range and intensity information can be extracted. The technique can be applied to surface wave measurements and underwater target detection with high resolution. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated by applying the technique to data acquired by shipborne Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) in the Yellow Sea and also the East and South China Seas.     

Control and image processing for streak tube imaging lidar based on VB and MATLAB

In this letter, we develope a control and image processing system for Streak Tube Imaging Lidar （STIL）. In the system, the data acquisition card control and the software interface are programmed in Visual Basic （VB） while the image processing is finished by MATLAB. A STIL imaging experiment is carried out in the laboratory. We obtained the intensity and range images of targets with pseudo color by image processing and reconstruction for a set of raw streak images of targets at different distances acquired by STIL. The range resolution is better than 2 centimeters.     

High-resolution optical time domain reflectmetry based on a broadband continuous wave multimode laser diode

A broadband light source can be obtained by operating a multimode laser diode with a bias current below threshold. We propose an optical time domain reflectometer for high-resolution with a broadband cw multimode laser. The emission spectrum of the multimode laser diode that affects an interference signal is investigated. With this method, the spatial resolution is measured as 11.5 μm, corresponding to that of 38.3-fs pulses, and a minimum detectable reflectivity < -90 dB is achieved.     

小型条纹管数值模拟及实验研究

针对无人机载及星载激光成像雷达系统对条纹管的小型化、高空间分辨率与大探测面积的应用需求,研制了一台具有高边缘空间分辨能力、高亮度增益的小型条纹相机.采用球面光电阴极、球面荧光屏技术提高了条纹相机的边缘空间分辨率和探测面积,有利于增大激光成像雷达的探测视场;采用狭缝型加速电极代替传统栅网电极,有利于提高条纹相机的电耐性和可靠性;设计了加载高达-15 kV工作电压的像缩小型条纹管,增大了条纹管的亮度增益,有助于增大激光雷达系统的探测距离.测试结果显示：在有效工作面积16 mm×2 mm内,条纹管静态空间分辨率高于29.3 lp/mm@MTF=5%（MTF表示调制传递函数）,亮度增益高达39.4.条纹相机光电阴极处静态空间分辨率高于15 lp/mm@CTF=11.64%（CTF表示对比度传递函数）;边缘动态空间分辨率高于9.8 lp/mm@CTF=5.51%;时间分辨率优于54.6 ps@T_screen=4.3 ns（T_screen为全屏时间）且在整个工作面积内具有较高的一致性;动态范围为345：1@54.6 ps.同时,为满足不同的景深及探测精度需求,相机设置六个扫描档位,可以实现不同扫速下的超快速目标诊断.该条纹相机在无人机载及星载激光成像雷达探测中具有潜在的实用价值.     

Indirect covariance NMR spectroscopy of through-bond homo-nuclear correlations for quadrupolar nuclei in solids under high-resolution

Indirect covariance NMR spectroscopy is demonstrated in solids, and we show that it can be used to obtain through-bond 2D homo-nuclear correlation spectra for quadrupolar nuclei under high-resolution. These spectra, generated with indirect covariance from a hetero-nuclear correlation spectrum, are equivalent to those recorded with the through-bond homo-nuclear hetero-nuclear single-quantum correlation (H-HSQC) method very recently proposed. However, the indirect covariance method can save a lot of experiment time, compared to the H-HSQC experiments, which allows introducing a high-resolution quadrupolar filter, thus providing a much better resolution, even on medium-field spectrometers. The covariance concept can be used to generate many different "indirectly-detected" high-resolution homo-nuclear correlation spectra with through-space or through-bond correlations for spin 1/2 or quadrupolar nuclei. We also propose a simple method that decreases the noise in all (direct or indirect) covariance methods.     

采用多狭缝条纹管实现激光三维成像

为了实现高清晰,高准确的近距离和中距离探测,介绍了一种采用多狭缝条纹管实现激光三维成像的方法.多狭缝条纹管作为成像系统的核心器件,对成像准确起主要影响.通过对成像原理的分析以及条纹管参数之间的关系推导,对多狭缝条纹管的技术指标进行了计算和设计,得出了电子光学系统的主要设计指标.     

采用条件波数谱密度函数的宽带高分辨方位谱估计算法

针对宽带高分辨方位估计存在方位估计偏差大、算法复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于条件波数谱密度(Conditional Wavenumber Spectral Density based,CWSD-based)的宽带高分辨方位谱估计算法.该算法利用条件波数谱密度将阵列信号转换到频率-波数空间,宽带信号能量在该空间的坐标呈现与入射角相关的线性分布,通过借鉴直线检测原理,实现邻近目标的高分辨方位估计,且无需预估角度和信源数等信息。仿真结果表明,该算法理论分辨率与处理最高频率成反比,估计均方误差约为0.1°,对阵形畸变鲁棒,运算效率高。海上试验数据表明,本文方法在方位分辨率、弱目标检测、非目标向噪声抑制、稳健性等方面都优于宽带常规波束形成和最小方差无畸变算法,在实际海洋中可实现超低旁瓣高分辨波达方向估计。     

菲涅耳波带板应用于聚变靶的高分辨X射线成像分析

在惯性约束核聚变研究中,为了实现1μm高空间分辨keV-X射线成像,文中发展了菲涅耳波带板(FZP)直接成像的分析方法,并通过数值计算研究了FZP的成像特性.针对钛K_α线(光子能量4.51 keV,波长0.275 nm),提出了FZP参数,对制作技术的要求较低.研究了靶尺度的影响.FZP的有效视场使它能够对数毫米大尺度靶实现高分辨成像.还研究了入射光的光谱带宽对成像的影响.FZP的色差有助于单色成像,但是带宽超过限度会导致像的反衬度降低.这些结果表明FZP应用于聚变点火靶的高空间分辨X射线成像的能力,也为应用提出了要求. 关键词： X射线成像 惯性约束核聚变 菲涅耳波带板     

并列式多入多出声纳宽带高分辨波束形成方法

并列式多入多出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)声纳可以通过高分辨波束形成方法进一步提高方位分辨能力。本文通过对窄带方法的扩展,提出一种宽带高分辨波束形成的方法,数值仿真分析了该方法的性能,并通过湖试数据进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可以对并列式MIMO声纳进行宽带高分辨波束形成,高信噪比情况下可以得到较高的方位分辨能力,但方位分辨力随信噪比减小下降较快,且运算量远大于常规波束形成方法,在运算能力满足要求且信噪比较高时,用本方法可显著提高系统的方位分辨性能。     

Effect of time bin size on accuracy of streak tube imaging lidar

Streak tube imaging lidar(STIL) is an active imaging system that has a high range accuracy with the use of a pulsed laser transmitter and streak tube receiver to produce 3D range images.This work investigates the effect of the time bin size on the range accuracy of STIL systems based on the peak detection algorithm.The numerical simulation indicates that the time bin size has a significant effect on the range accuracy,resulting in a modified analytical estimate of the range error.An indoor experiment with a planar target is carried out to validate the theory that shows the linear relationship between the range error and the time bin size.Finer 3D depth images of a fist model are acquired by using a smaller time bin size and the best range error of 0.003 m is achieved with the optimal time bin size of 0.07 ns.     

High-resolution, large dynamic range fiber length measurement based on a frequency-shifted asymmetric Sagnac interferometer

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a single-mode fiber length and dispersion measurement system based on what we believe to be a novel frequency-shifted asymmetric Sagnac interferometer incorporating an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). By sweeping the driving frequency of the AOM, which is asymmetrically placed in the Sagnac loop, the optical length of the fiber can be determined by measuring the corresponding variation in the phase delay between the two counterpropagating light beams. Combined with a high-resolution data processing algorithm, this system yields a dynamic range from a few centimeters to 60 km (limited by our availability of long fibers) with a resolution of approximately 1 part per million for long fibers.     

波束形成与独立分量分析融合的宽带高分辨方位估计方法

针对波束域高分辨方位估计存在方位估计偏差大等缺点,提出了将波束形成与独立分量分析融合的宽带高分辨方位估计方法:(1)阵元域数据转换到波束域后,对多波束数据利用基于二阶统计量的独立分量分析算法处理,(2)将波束域独立分量分析融合方法输出结果重构回阵元域信号,(3)对重构后的阵元域数据,使用约束最优化方法改进的MUSIC算法做高分辨方位估计。最后利用ICS (Interactre Circuts&System)声呐模拟器数据和海试数据对算法进行了验证。结果表明:本文方法在弱目标检测、观测区域外强干扰抑制、方位分辨率方面都优先于波束域MUSIC和波束MVDR方法。     

High-resolution angle-Doppler imaging by sparse recovery of underwater acoustic signals

The low resolution of Fourier two-dimensional spatial temporal spectrum estimation and the insufficient sample size of sonar space time sampling data often caused difficulties in high-resolution space time spectrum estimation. Aiming to solve this problem, we proposed a high-resolution angle-Doppler imaging method and designed an anti-reverberation space time filter based on the sparse recovery of underwater acoustic signals. The proposed imaging method established the spatial temporal sparse re...     

High resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of three-axis-stabilized space target by exploiting orbital and sparse priors

The development of inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging techniques is of notable significance for monitoring, tracking and identifying space targets in orbit. Usually, a well-focused ISAR image of a space target can be obtained in a deliberately selected imaging segment in which the target moves with only uniform planar rotation. However, in some imaging segments, the nonlinear range migration through resolution cells(MTRCs) and time-varying Doppler caused by the three-dimensional rotation of the target would degrade the ISAR imaging performance, and it is troublesome to realize accurate motion compensation with conventional methods. Especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the estimation of motion parameters is more difficult. In this paper, a novel algorithm for high-resolution ISAR imaging of a space target by using its precise ephemeris and orbital motion model is proposed. The innovative contributions are as follows. 1) The change of a scatterer projection position is described with the spatial-variant angles of imaging plane calculated based on the orbital motion model of the three-axis-stabilized space target. 2) A correction method of MTRC in slant-and cross-range dimensions for arbitrarily imaging segment is proposed. 3) Coarse compensation for translational motion using the precise ephemeris and the fine compensation for residual phase errors by using sparsity-driven autofocus method are introduced to achieve a high-resolution ISAR image. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Proposal and demonstration of a spectrometer using a diffractive optical element with dual dispersion and focusing functionality

We propose an optical spectrometer using a hybrid grating-Fresnel (G-Fresnel) diffractive optical element. Theoretical simulation shows that a spectral resolution of approximately 1 nm can be potentially achieved with a millimeter-sized G-Fresnel. A proof-of-concept G-Fresnel-based spectrometer with subnanometer spectral resolution is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed method provides a promising new way for realizing compact optical spectrometers.     

Pixel super-resolution lensless in-line holographic microscope with hologram segmentation

We propose a resolution enhancement method for a lensless in-line holographic microscope(LIHM) by combining the hologram segmentation and pixel super-resolution(PSR) techniques. Our method is suitable for imaging specific target objects in samples, where the in-line hologram is disturbed by other objects in the samples. The resolution-enhancement capability of our method was proved by numerical simulations and imaging experiments while using a standard resolution target in a two-layer setup. We also applied our LIHM system to image the sample of living algae Euglena gracilis in water solution for further demonstration.     

一种深度学习的立体阵波达方向估计方法

针对常规波束形成主瓣宽且目标分辨能力低的问题,提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络的波达方向估计方法。算法使用常规波束形成计算二维空间功率谱,将预处理后的空间功率谱图输入深度卷积神经网络。该文利用神经网络学习解卷积映射关系,输出主瓣宽度更窄的空间功率谱图,从而实现高分辨率二维波达方向估计。该算法对阵列结构没有限制,适用于立体阵。仿真结果表明该文方法在不同目标个数、快拍数及信噪比参数下均能准确估计目标方向。该文方法目标分辨能力优于常规波束形成方法。在低快拍情况下,目标方向估计误差低于自适应波束形成方法。     

特效电影工程中混合分辨率阴影图设计与硬阴影反走样

在实时的虚拟场景渲染中,为减少阴影图算法由分辨率不足导致的阴影走样,提出了利用并行线性扫描的混合分辨率阴影图算法。首先,从光源视角生成高分辨率阴影图,利用并行线性扫描算法对深度均值差进行计算和分析,自底向上的合并纹素,建立纹素之间的索引关系并讨论混合分辨率阴影图的存储。在渲染阶段,利用混合分辨率阴影图进行深度测试,绘制实时的反走样阴影。实验表明,与标准阴影图相比,混合分辨率阴影图能提高20%以上的重要区域分辨率,明显改善阴影边界锯齿走样,使Dragon等模型的计算时间减少9%~18%。经实际应用验证,混合分辨率阴影图是一种有效的实时阴影绘制算法,可有效减少阴影图算法的走样。     

A novel acquisition-reconstruction algorithm for surface magnetic resonance imaging

In U-shaped, hand-size magnetic resonance surface scanners, imaging is performed along only one spatial direction, with the application of just one gradient (one-dimensional imaging). Lateral spatial resolution can be obtained by magnet displacement, but, in this case, resolution is very poor (on the order of some millimeters) and cannot be useful for high-resolution imaging applications. In this article, an innovative technique for acquisition and reconstruction of images produced by U-shaped, hand-size MRI surface scanners is presented. The proposed method is based on the acquisition of overlapping strips and an analytical reconstruction technique; it is capable of arbitrarily improving spatial lateral resolution without either using a second magnetic field gradient or making any assumptions about the imaged sample extension. Numerical simulations on synthetic images are reported demonstrating the method functionalities. The presented method also makes it possible to use U-shaped, hand-size MRI surface scanners for high-resolution biomedical applications, such as the imaging of skin lesions.