甘氨酸酯衍生物双子季铵盐表面活性剂

双子表面活性剂;合成;甘氨酸酯衍生物双子季铵盐表面活性剂     

华根霉脂肪酶有机相酯合成活性的重塑

研究了具有较高酯合成活性的华根霉膜相关脂肪酶及其沉淀酶蛋白的重折叠处理过程, 发现膜成分及表面活性剂可能是影响其活性的关键因素. 进一步考察了影响异源表达的可溶性华根霉脂肪酶r27RCL酯合成活性重塑的关键因子及作用阶段. 研究结果表明, 表面活性剂对脂肪酶的酯合成活性具有关键影响, 直接添加表面活性剂可使酯合成活性显著提高. 在7种不同表面活性剂中, 两性离子表面活性剂LPC14将r27RCL的酯合成活性提高了5.75倍. 分子动力学模拟结果表明, 在有机相反应中, 表面活性剂的添加使脂肪酶催化三联体之间的氢键作用力得到加强, 从而提高了脂肪酶的有机相酯合成能力.     

聚氨酯类反应型高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

反应型高分子表面活性剂兼有反应型表面活性剂可以以牢固的共价键键合到聚合物粒子上,有效避免了表面活性剂在聚合物膜中迁移的优点和高分子表面活性剂性质稳定、耐水性好、低毒或无毒的优点,是一种备受关注的新型表面活性剂,其中含有双键的聚氨酯类可聚合型高分子表面活性剂因其软硬度可调、反应活性高等优点而成为此类研究的一个新热点。本文综述了国内外聚氨酯类反应型高分子表面活性剂最新研究概况,简述了其合成路线和应用性能,并对未来的研究方向进行了预测。     

硼酸保护羟基法合成甘油单月桂酸酯

研究了以甘油、月桂酸为原料,用硼酸保护羟基进行酯化反应合成甘油单月桂酸酯的新方法。最佳合成条件是：ｍｏｌ甘油：ｍｏｌ硼酸：ｍｏｌ月桂酸＝２：１：２,对甲苯磺酸（催化剂）用量为月桂酸用量的１．２０％（ｗｔ％）,在２３０℃反应１ｈ,产品收率为９１．２％,单酯含量为９４．８％,产品经ＩＲ分析。     

反应型非离子表面活性剂的制备及其组成和结构

以丙烯酸(AA)与硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS)、油酸单甘油酯(A300)或油酸单山梨糖醇酐酯(Span 80)为起始物, 对甲苯磺酸为催化剂, 对苯二酚为阻聚剂, 制备了三类含有1-烯键的反应型表面活性剂. 通过反应体系中AA 的加料量及其残留量, 计算得到丙烯酸的转化率为91%以上, 制备的反应型非离子表面活性剂的收率达到80%以上. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和质谱对反应产物的组成和结构进行了表征, 确认获得了三类目标产物. 将这三类表面活性剂作为流滴剂与聚乙烯发生接枝反应后, 提高了聚乙烯的结晶温度, 降低了水在聚烯烃膜表面的接触角, 解决了聚乙烯农用棚膜的流滴期短的问题.     

含全氟壬烯基磷酸酯型表面活性剂的合成

以N-羟乙基-p-全氟壬烯氧基苯甲酰胺(I)为原料与三氯氧磷(POCl3)反应制备p-全氟壬烯氧基苯甲酰胺基乙基磷酰氯,反应结束后在常温下进行水解生成p-全氟壬烯氧基苯甲酰胺基乙基磷酸单酯(Ⅱ)。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、1HNMR、质谱(MS-ESI)对其结构进行了表征。考察了酯化反应时间、酯化反应温度、原料配比和缚酸剂对产物收率的影响。通过单因素实验和正交试验对反应进行优化,确定了最佳合成工艺条件为:n(I):n(POCl3)=1:1.6,反应温度70℃,反应时间7h,三乙胺做为缚酸剂,在此条件下Ⅱ的收率为84.3%。     

去氢枞酸蔗糖酯的溶剂法合成

松香主要成分是二萜树脂酸(C29H29COOH,含量约为90％),可用作表面活性剂的合成原料。将松香树脂酸与蔗糖进行酯化反应,即可合成松香-蔗糖基非离子表面活性剂。目前关于高级脂肪酸蔗糖酯和松香基表面活性剂的研究有许多报道,但有关松香蔗糖酯的研究报道极少,工艺极不成熟,且都使用未经改性的松香,结构中仍保留两个易氧化的双键,不利于长时间储存和使用。从歧化松香中分离提纯去氢枞酸,     

烷基酚阴离子表面活性剂的合成与应用进展

将本实验室最新研究成果与相关文献报导相结合,介绍了目前以烷基酚为原料合成阴-非离子表面活性剂、Extended表面活性剂和Gemini表面活性剂的最新动态,特别注重它们在三次采油等非直接环境排放型应用场合的高效合理利用。指出深入开发区域选择性硫酸化/磺化、硫酸酯盐转磺酸盐、羟基直接氧化合成羧酸盐以及烷基酚偶联合成Gemini骨架等技术对于合理和高效利用烷基酚具有重要意义。     

酯基Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂的研究进展

Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂性能优异但生物和化学降解性差,在Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂结构中引入酯基官能团可以提升产物性能。酯基Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂含有酯基和双季铵盐基,具有高表面活性、吸附、絮凝、抗盐、湿润、乳化、杀菌防腐和易生物分解等优点,应用前景广阔。本文综述了酯基Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂的合成路线、性能和石油化工的应用状况,结合发展需求对酯基Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂的未来发展进行了分析和展望。     

Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

Gemini型表面活性剂是一类双亲油基双亲水基的两亲物，因其特殊的二聚结构从而具有许多特殊的物化性质。综述了Gemini型表面活性剂的研究进展、合成方法、物化性质及其应用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。