Optical transitions and upconversion properties of Er^3＋-doped chloride tellurite glasses

Er^{3+}-doped lead chloride tellurite glasses were prepared using the conventional melting and quenching method. The absorption spectra were measured and the Judd－Ofelt analysis was performed. The spectroscopic parameters such as the intensity parameters, transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes, and branching ratios were obtained. Intense infrared emission and visible upconversion luminescence under 976 nm excitation were observed. For the 1.55μm emission, the full width at half maximum and the emission cross sections are more than 50 nm and 8×10^{- 20}cm^2, respectively. Three efficient visible luminescences centred at 525, 547, and 658nm are assigned to the transitions from the excited states {}^{2}H_{11/2}, {}^{4}S_{3/2}, and {}^{4}F_{9/2} to the ground state {}^{4}I_{15/2}, respectively. The upconversion mechanisms and the power-dependent intensities are also discussed and evaluated.     

High Efficiency Infrared-to-Visible Upconversion Emission in Er^3＋,Yb^3＋, and Ho^3＋ Codoped Tellurite Glasses

A novel method of codoping the Er^3＋, Yb^3＋, and Ho^3＋ ions in tellurite glasses is demonstrated to obtain a high efficiency of infrared-to-visible upconversion. Three intense emission bands observed in Er^3＋, Yb^3＋, and Ho^3＋ codoped tellurite glasses centred at 525, 547, and 657nm correspond to Er^3＋： ^2H11/2 -4 ^4I15/2, Er^3＋： ^4S3/2 →^4I15/2＋Ho^3＋： ^5S2（^5F4） → ^5Is, and Er^3＋： ^4Sa/2 → ^4I15/2＋Ho^3＋： ^5F5 → ^5Is transitions, respectively. No visible upconversion quenching phenomenon is observed when three rare-earth ions are codoped together in tellurite glasses. In contrast, the upconversion intensity of red and green emissions in Er^3＋, Yb^3＋, and Ho^3＋ codoped glasses is enhanced largely when compared with Er^3＋ /Yb^3＋-codoped glasses. The dependence of upconversion intensities on excitation power and the possible upconversion mechanisms are evaluated. The three emissions are based on two-photon absorption processes.     

Mechanisms and Concentration Dependence of Upconversion Fluorescence in Er^3＋ and Tm^3＋ Codoped Tellurite Glasses

We investigate the upconversion luminescence of Er3^ and Tm^3 codoped tellurite glasses under both the 975 and 80Ohm excitations. By Tm^3 codoping, the Er^3 green emission corresponding to the (^4S3/2, 2H11/2) → 4I15/2 transitions was quenched, while the red emission corresponding to the ^4F9/2 → ^4I15/2 transition was selectively sensitized. The red emission has a maximum in the range where the ratio of Er^3 - to Tm^3 -content is about two and its fluorescence intensity becomes 1.5 and 5 times larger at the maximum than those in the absence of Tm^3 for 975 and 800 nm excitations, respectively. The results were explained considering the influence of energy transfers between these two active ions.     

970nmLD激发Tm^3＋,Yb^3＋掺杂的MFT玻璃材料上转换发光的研究

设计并制备了一种Ｔｍ＾３＋、Ｙｂ＾３＋共掺杂的多氟化物调整碲酸盐（ＭＦＴ）玻璃材料,其组份为５０ＴｅＯ２－１４．ＰｂＦ２－１０ＡｌＦ３－１０ＢａＦ２－１０ＮａＦ－０．１Ｔｍ２Ｏ３－５Ｙｂ２Ｏ３。测量了该玻璃系统的Ｒａｍａｎ散射光谱,在９７０ｎｍＬＤ激发下裸眼可以观察到很强的蓝色我,光谱测量证实这个蓝色发射（４７６ｎｍ）来源于＾１Ｇ４→＾３Ｈ６的跃迁,同时,还有两个较弱的红色发射源于＾１Ｇ４→＾３Ｈ     

Broadband amplified spontaneous emission from Er^3＋ -doped single-mode tellurite fibre

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a newly erbium-doped single-mode tellurite glass-fibre applicable for 1.5-μum optical amplifiers. A very broad erbium amplified spontaneous emission in the range 1450--1650nm from erbium-doped single-mode tellurite glass-fibre is obtained upon excitation of a 980-nm laser diode. The effects of the length of glass-fibre and the pumping power of laser diode on the amplified spontaneous emission are discussed. The result indicates that the tellurite glass-fibre is a promising candidate for designing fibre-optic amplifiers and lasers.     

新型Tm^3＋掺杂的MFT玻璃上转换发光特性

设计并制备了一种Ｔｍ＾３＋掺杂的以多种氟化物为调整剂的碲酸盐玻璃材料,研究了Ｔｍ＾３＋离子上转换发光强度与掺杂浓度的关系,测量不同波长的红外光激发下Ｔｍ＾３＋离子的上转换发光,及其在可见范围内的吸收光谱,测量了上转换发光的斜率效率。     

Blue Upconversion Luminescence in Tm^3＋／Yb^3＋-Codoped Lead Chloride Tellurite Glass

The upconversion properties of Tm^3 /Yb3 -codoped lead chloride tellurite glass under 980hm excitation were investigated. The intense blue (476nm) emission and weak red (649 nm) emission corresponding to the ^1G4→4 ^3H6 and ^1G4→^3H4 transitions of Tm^3 ions, respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The dependence of upconversion intensities on excitation power and the possible upconversion mechanisms are evaluated. The intense blue upconversion luminescence of Tm^3 /Yb^3 -codoped lead chloride tellurite glass can be used as potential host material for the development of blue upconversion optical devices.     

Upconversion properties of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped TeO2-Nb2O5-Li2O glasses

The Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped TeO2-Nb2O5-Li2O glass is prepared by conventional melting method, and its upconversion spectra are measured. The intense green upconversion luminescence upon excitation with a 976 nm laser diode is observed with the naked eyes. The dependence of luminescence intensity on the ratio of Yb^3＋/Er^3＋ is discussed in detail, and the relationship between the ratio of green luminescence intensity to red luminescence intensity and the ratio of Yb^3＋/Er^3＋ is also studied, The luminescence intensity increases with the ratio of Yb^3＋/Er^3＋ increasing. The ratio of Yb^3＋/Er^3＋ plays a more important role than the concentration of Er^3＋ in determining the upconversion luminescence intensity. The ratio of green luminescence intensity to red luminescence intensity reaches a maximum when ratio of Yb^3＋/Er^3＋ is 3. Thus the glass could be one of the potential candidates for LD pumping solid-state lasers.     

Tm^3＋掺杂的MFT玻璃上转换发光及光学增益

报道了一种新型ＭＦＴ（Ｍｕｌｔｉ－Ｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅ－Ｔｅｌｌｕｒｉｄｅ）玻璃材料（组份为５０ＴｅＯ２－１９．７ＰｂＦ２－１０ＡｌＦ３－１０ＢａＦ－０．３Ｔｍ２Ｏ３）的制备方法,测量了６５０ｎｍ激发下Ｔｍ＾３＋离子掺杂在ＭＦＴ玻璃材料中源于＾１Ｄ２→＾３Ｈ６（４７６ｎｍ）跃迁的两组蓝色上转换发光研究了上转换发光强度随激光率的变化关系,并且首次应用ＡＳＥ（Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ Ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓ Ｅ     

Characterization of Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Er^3＋-Doped Tellurite Fibre

We present the characterization of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from newly fabricated Er^3 -doped tellurite fibres.When pumped at 98Ohm,a very broad erbium ASE in the range 1450-1650nm is observed.The changes of ASE with regard to fibre lengths and pumping power were measured.The output of 2mW from an Er^3 -doped tellurite fibre ASE source is obtained with the pump power of 540mW.     

Multi—Rare—Earth Ions Codoped Tellurite Glasses for Potential Dual Wavelength Fibre—Optic Amplifiers

A novel co-doping method of multi-rare-earth (RE) ions was demonstrated in tellurite glasses for fibe amplifiers.Fluorescence emissions at both 1.53 and 1.63μm communication windows were firstly observed from Er^3 /Yb^3 /Tm^3 -codoped tellurite glasses under a single wavelength pumping at 980nm.The full width at half maximum of fluorescence at 1.53 and 1.63μm are 55nm and 50nm,respectively.This codoping method of three RE ions could be applied to other low photon energy glasses,which would be possibly used for potential dual wavelength fibre-optic amplifiers to broaden the communication windows.     

Spectral investigation of Sm3＋/yb3＋co-doped sodium tellurite glass

YAG-Ce,Nd,and Yb phosphors with a triple-doped system are prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method.The fluorescence emission and excitation spectra are measured and analyzed.The influences of Yb3+ doping concentration on the emission of Yb3+ and Nd3+ in YAG-Ce,Nd,and Yb are studied.The fluorescence decay spectra,lifetime,and energy transfer efficiency of Ce3+ in different host materials of YAG-Ce and Yb,and YAG-Ce,Nd,and Yb are also compared.Furthermore,the trends of fluorescence decay spectra and the lifetimes of Nd3+ and Yb 3+ in YAG-Ce,Nd,and Yb with the increase of Yb3+ concentration are discussed.Results indicate that YAG-Ce,Nd,and Yb are good candidates for downconverting phosphor,with energy transfer efficiency reaching as high as 82.8%.     

Enhancement of up-conversion Yb3＋/Tm3＋/Er3＋ tri-doped tellurite glass luminescence properties in transparent oxyfluoride ceramics

Optically transparent Er3＋/Tm3＋/Yb3＋ tri-doped oxyfluoride tellurite based nano-crystallized glass ceramics with the batching composition of 73TeO2-15ZnO-7ZnF2-3YF3-1.5YbF3-0.3ErF3-0.2TmF3 （mol%） is prepared by a conventional melting quenching and the subsequent heat treatment processes. The sizes of grown nano-crystals in glass matrix appear to be smaller than 100 nm from the scanning electron mi- croscope measurement. Visible up-conversion luminescence of the as melted glass and glass ceramics is investigated. The three-color up-conversion luminescence intensities by 980-nm pumping are increased significantly due to the heat treatment, and the blue intensity increases with a higher magnitude than other wavelengths after heat treatment.     

Green and red up-conversion emissions and thermometric application of Er^3＋-doped silicate glass

The green and red up-conversion emissions centred at about 534, 549 and 663 nm of wavelength, corresponding respectively to the ^2H11/2 → ^4I15/2, ^4S3/2 → ^4I15/2 and ^4F9/2 → ^4I15/2 transitions of Er^3＋ ions, have been observed for the Er^3＋-doped silicate glass excited by a 978 nm semiconductor laser beam. Excitation power dependent behaviour of the up-conversion emission intensity indicates that a two-photon absorption up-conversion process is responsible for the green and red up-conversion emissions. The temperature dependence of the green up-conversion emissions is also studied in a temperature range of 296-673 K, which shows that Er^3＋-doped silicate glass can be used as a sensor in high-temperature measurement.     

High-powered millijoule pulse energy Tm3＋-doped fiber amplifier at 2.05μm

A high-powered millijoule pulse energy Tm 3+ -doped fiber amplifier seeded with a Q-switched operation of Tm (4 at.-%), Ho (0.4 at.-%):YVO 4 laser is reported. The output characteristics of the amplified laser are studied at the coupled powers of 0.266, 1.24, and 2.65 W. Maximum output power up to 15.7 W is at 10-kHz repetition rate. Nonlinear effects are not observed from the emitting spectrum and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the pulse duration is reduced from 40.1 to 25.9 ns at 1.57-mJ pulse energy. The beam quality factor M 2 x = 1.9±0.03, M 2 y = 2.1±0.02 at the output power of 14.5 W is measured using the traveling knife-edge method.     

Tm3+在亚碲酸盐玻璃中升频发光的研究及其光谱性质的J-O计算

报道了一种新组份亚碲酸盐玻璃作为掺稀土基质在提高升频发光效率方面的优良特性.在970mmLD泵浦下这种Tm³⁺掺杂的亚碲酸玻璃明显的蓝色及红色升频发光,通过测量其吸收光谱,用J-O理论计算了这种玻璃基质中Tm³⁺离子各发光能级的自发辐射几率、跃迁振子强度、分支比及寿命等光谱参量.并计算了481mm和650mm两种发光的发射截面.     

High Efficiency Infrared to Visible Upconversion in Er3＋／yb3＋—Doped Lead Halide Tellurite Glass

Strong upconversion luminescence of Er3 /Yb3 -doped lead halide tellurite glass under 976nm excitation is demonstrated. Three emission bands centred at 525 nm, 545 nm, and 655 nm resulting from the transitionsfrom the excited states 2H11/2, 4S3/2, and 4F9/2 to the ground state 4I15/2, respectively, are observed evenat 60mW pumping power. The power dependent intensity and the upconversion mechanisms responsible forthe luminescence are evaluated and discussed. The obtained results might provide useful information for thedevelopments of upconversion lasers.     

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer processes in Er3＋/Nd3＋ co-doped tellurite glass for 2.7-μm laser materials

Intense 2.7-μm emissions are obtained from Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass samples under the 808-nm laser diode excitation.According to the absorption spectra,Judd-Ofelt parameters and radiative transition probabilities are calculated and analyzed using the Judd-Ofelt theory.The spectroscopic properties and energy transfer mechanism between Er³⁺ and Nd³⁺ are analyzed.The effects of OH^- content on the spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ co-doped samples are discussed.The obtained results indicate that Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass can significantly develop optical properties of 2.7-μm emission,if OH^- exoups can be effectivelv eliminated.     

Host dependent thermal stability and frequency upconversion of Er^3＋-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride germanate glasses

The upconversion properties of Er^3＋-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride germanate glasses under 975 nm excitation have been investigated. The intense green （551 and 529 nm） and relatively weak red （657 nm） emissions corresponding to the transitions ^4S3/2→^4I15/2, ^2H11/2→^4 I15/2 and ^4F9/2 →^4I15/2, respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The content of PbF2 has an important influence on the upconversion luminescence emission. With increasing content of PbF2, the intensities of green （529 nm） and red （657 nm） emissions increase slightly, while the green emission （551 nm） increases markedly. These results suggest that PbF2 has an influence on the green （551 nm） emission more than on the green （529 nm） and red （657 nm） emissions.