盐碱胁迫下杨树叶片MDA含量与各抗氧化酶的相关性

在前人的基础上,从利用偏相关分析和多元线性回归分析的方法深入分析了盐碱胁迫环境下杨树叶丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性之间,以及各抗氧化酶之间的内在相关性.研究结果表明,在盐碱...     

The effect of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on aged rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds vigor and lipid peroxidation of seedlings

The study of the effect of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on plant seeds has been becoming one of the popular issues in electrostatic biology since the influence of HVEF on growing plants was observed early in 1980s and a few studies showed that HVEF could increase seeds activity. In this study the aged rice seeds were treated in HVEF, and their vitality and associated physiological variables such as membrane lipid peroxidation and the protective enzyme system, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD: EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT: EC 1.11.1.6) were also investigated. The results showed that the activity index of aged rice seeds was significantly increased, and the leakage conductivity was decreased with the appropriate HVEF treatment. The treatment also elevated the activity of SOD, POD and CAT, which improved the penetrating capability of membrane, and adjusted the level of lipid peroxidation and lowered the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). We concluded that HVEF could elevate aged rice seeds vigor and improve membrane system of aged rice seedlings, and the treatment for 55 min was better than that of 30 min.     

FTIR结合生理特性研究铅胁迫对小麦幼苗的影响

采用土培的方法系统研究了铅胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶活性及傅里叶红外光谱的变化。结果表明,随着Pb²⁺浓度的升高,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性出现先升高后降低的趋势,POD活性呈下降趋势。同时铅胁迫影响着小麦叶片的傅里叶红外光谱,高浓度的铅胁迫能使FTIR谱特征峰出现较明显的位移,代表着有机物质的转变。     

Effects of gamma irradiation on morphological changes and biological responses in plants

This review discusses the morphological changes and biological responses of plants irradiated with gamma rays. Seedlings exposed to relatively low doses of gamma rays (1-5 Gy) developed normally, while the growth of plants irradiated with a high dose gamma ray (50 Gy) was significantly inhibited. Based on TEM observations, chloroplasts were extremely sensitive to gamma irradiation compared to other cell organelles, particularly thylakoids being heavily swollen. In addition, some portions of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were structurally altered, for example, distortion and swelling. The cerium perhydroxide deposition, as a maker for H(2)O(2) deposition, was typically manifest on the plasma membranes and cell walls of the tissues from both the control and irradiated plants. However, the intensities of cerium perhydroxide deposits (CPDs) were remarkably increased in the plasma membranes and cell walls of pumpkin tissues such as petiole, cotyledon, hypocotyl and especially leaf after gamma irradiation. These observations are in good agreement with the results of H(2)O(2) content in all tissues. The immuno-localization analysis for peroxidase (POD) on the tissues from pumpkin plant showed the same pattern between the control and irradiated plants, but the density of gold particles as indication of POD localization was significantly increased on the cell corner middle lamellae of parenchyma cells, especially in the petiole after gamma irradiation. However, accumulation and localization of H(2)O(2) and POD in vessels were not significantly different between both plants. The accumulation and localization of both H(2)O(2) and POD were differentially affected by gamma irradiation depending on the different tissue types. The deposition of both H(2)O(2) and POD in parenchyma cells appeared much higher than in vessels, suggesting that the former is more sensitive than the latter against gamma rays.     

FTIR-ATR、EDS结合生理特性研究铅胁迫对玉米幼苗的影响

应用X射线能谱(EDS)和傅里叶变换-衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)分析方法结合一些生理指标的变化,研究铅胁迫对玉米幼苗的影响.结果表明,随着Pb2+浓度的升高,抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性均先升高后降低.利用红外光谱检测发现,植物各组分吸收金属前后的峰形基本不变,参与重金属吸附的基团如羟基(3328...     

低能N+ 离子预处理对水稻UV-B辐射的当代损伤效应的影响

采用3种不同注量的N离子对供试材料进行了离子注入预处理, 再用10.08 kJ/(m2d1)增强UV-B辐射对其幼苗进行辐照试验, 测定了过氧化物酶（POD）活性、 过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、 丙二醛（MDA）含量、 还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和可溶性糖含量的变化。 研究结果表明: 经N离子注入预处理的水稻材料受到UV-B辐射时其POD和SOD活性明显升高, 并在注量为2.0×1017 ions/cm2时活性达到最强; CAT活性和MDA含量明显降低, GSH含量显著增加, 而可溶性糖的含量则变化程度很小。 从这些研究结果可以看出, 经过一定注量离子注入预处理的水稻材料当受到UV B辐射时能产生较强的抗氧化能力和防御能力,而且抗氧化系统优于碳水化合物系统而先于表达。 由此可见, 离子注入预处理对水稻UV-B辐射的生物学效应的影响相当明显。 The seedlings of rice (xindao18) were exposed to UV B (10.08 kJ/(m2d1 )) irradiation follo wing the pretreatment with three different implantation dosages of low energy N+ ions. Changes in the levels of the superoxide (POD),superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH) and soluble sugar were measured. The result showed that the UV-B irradiation on the seedlings of rice pretreated with low energy ions implantation could lead to increase activities in POD and SOD,and the maximum appeared on the dose of 2.0×1017 ions/cm2. Meanwhile,it made the content of GSH increased, and caused the activity of CAT and the content of MDA to be decreased. But there was no obvious change in soluble sugar. It was suggested that the rice pretreated by low energy ion implantation could enhance the antioxidation capacity and defensive ability when irradiated by UV-B, and the antioxidation system could be induced earlier than carbohydrate system. Therefore, the biological effects of UV-B irradiation on rice pretreated by low energy ion implantation were quite obvious.     

辐照诱变对小麦生理学效应的影响

以小麦品种小偃81为材料, 利用低能N+离子, 60Co-γ射线以及紫外线UV-C等为诱变源, 对种子胚部进行辐照处理。 研究其对小麦发芽势、 发芽率、 根长及苗高等生理指标的影响。 以辐照后的幼苗为材料研究了低能N+注入对过氧化氢酶（CAT）、 过氧化物酶（POD）、 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的影响。 研究结果表明: N+注入后种子活力先升高后降低, 苗高在5×1017 N+/cm2时显著低于对照; 60Co和紫外线辐照对种子活力有较显著的影响, 辐照后的根长和苗高均显著低于对照; N+束辐照后的幼苗CAT酶活随剂量的变化规律性不明显, POD和SOD酶活总体趋势随剂量的增加先升高后降低, GSH含量随剂量的增大先降低后升高。 由此可知, 辐照诱变可以诱导小麦一系列的生理变化。60Co-γ射线和紫外线UV C对小麦胚根的伤害较大, 导致幼苗在后期大量死亡。N+注入对小麦的损伤效应较60Co和紫外线γ射线和紫外线UV-C小, 一定注量的N+注入处理可促进小麦生长。 In this paper, the biological effects,such as germination percentage, germination index and the length of seedlings and roots were investigated by using low energy N+, 60Co- γ rays and ultraviolet UV C to irradiate the embryos of wheat seeds （Xiaoyan81）. The anti oxidative enzyme system (CAT,POD, SOD) and GSH content were studied as well. The results show that the vitality of seed increased and then reduced with increasing the dosage of N+ ion implantation. The length of roots and seedlings were significantly higher than control. The seed vigor was significant effected after irradiated by 60Co-γ rays and ultraviolet UV-C, but the length of roots and seedlings were significantly lower than control. After N+ implantation, the changing pattern of CAT was not obviously. The enzymatic activity of POD and SOD were increased at low dosage and reduced at high dosage. The content of GSH was reduced and then raised. The results proved that the damage induced by γ ray and UV C to the radicle of wheat was severe that result in a large number of seedling died. However the damage induced by N+ implantation was lower than that by rays and UV C irradiation. Certain dosage of ion implantation can promote the growth of wheat.     

离子束次级辐射对春麦的诱变效应

利用中能重离子束辐照生物靶材料时产生的中子、γ射线和次级碎片等次级辐射对春麦种子进行辐照 ,然后通过田间试验和实验室的分析测定 ,得到了 M1代植株的变化 . (1 )在生物学性状中 ,穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒重、小穗密度和有效分蘖数变异率较大 ;(2 )除 SOD活性外 ,POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量和蛋白质含量的变异率也较大 ;(3 )休眠种子和萌发种子辐照M1代在生物学性状的变化上存在很大的差异 ;(4)两个春麦材料的辐射敏感性差异明显 .由此表明 ,兰州重离子加速器辐照终端在进行生物学实验时产生的次级辐射是可能利用的诱变源. Secondary radiation such as neutrons, high energy light particees, γ rays is produced when ion beams with medium energy irradiate biological materials. Spring wheat was placed in radiobiological experiment area(irradiation terminal L2) to expose to the secondary radiation. The variation of M1 generation of the wheat seeds was obtained through test in the fields and measuremeat in laboratery: (1) There were very high variation rates in grain number, number of small...     

增强的UV-B辐射对高粱幼苗光合和抗氧化系统的影响

由于臭氧层逐渐变薄,到达地球表面UV-B辐射不断增加,因UV-B辐射改变的太阳光谱将会对陆地植物造成不同程度的伤害。本试验以高粱龙杂5为材料,对二叶一心高粱进行四种剂量UV-B处理,恢复2 d采用光合仪测定光合参数,并取样测定抗氧化酶活性。随着UV-B剂量的升高,高粱叶片褐化损伤加重,植株矮化,鲜重和干重显著降低;花青素含量显著升高,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著减少,净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数显著下降。同时,随UV-B剂量升高,高粱幼苗气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率表现为“降-升-降”变化;POD和CAT活性呈现“降-升-降”变化;SOD和GR活性呈现“降-升”变化,APX和GPX呈现“升-降-升”变化。在供试的四种剂量中,UV-B处理6 h(相当2.4 J·m-2)的高粱幼苗净光合急剧下降,其他光合指标以及抗氧化酶活性也表现出明显转折。结果表明,增强的UV-B辐射直接导致高粱光合色素、净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的改变;高粱抗氧化系统对高、低剂量UV-B响应机制不同, 其中 ASA-GSH循环对低剂量UV-B反应更敏感,高剂量UV-B辐射不仅破坏高粱光合作用,而且启动植物酶促和非酶抗氧化系统,导致叶片褐化坏死,植株生物量累积减少、株高矮化,甚至死亡。     

低能N~+注入E.coli诱发的HRS/IRR与抗氧化物酶关系的初探

研究了30keV N+注入E.coli诱发的辐射超敏感效应/增强的辐射性(HRS/IRR)及该效应诱发时E.coli细胞内抗氧化物酶(SOD和CAT)的诱导表达,探讨了细胞内抗氧化物酶的诱导与HRS/IRR诱发之间的关联。研究结果显示,HRS诱发剂量范围内(0—5×1014N+/cm2),E.coli细胞内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的酶活基本维持在10Us/mg的较低水平,过氧化氢敏(CAT)酶活也都低于8Us/mg;IRR诱发的剂量范围内(5×1014—10×1014N+/cm2),SOD和CAT活性升高并分别达到了58Us/mg和26Uc/mg的最高水平。研究结果初步表明,低能离子注入E.coli HRS/IRR的诱发与细胞内抗氧化物酶的诱导关系密切。     

CO2激光预处理对UV-B辐射引起的小麦幼苗脂质过氧化伤害的防护作用

用20 mW·mm－2CO2激光对小麦萌发的种子分别照射1 min、3 min、5 min、7 min,待其长至幼苗期,在光背景（PAR）90 μmol·m－2·s－1条件下,用3.10 kJ·m－2 UV-B照射7 h·d－1,然后对其丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）以及抗坏血酸（AsA）等含量进行测定.结果发现,CO2激光预处理可提高小麦GSH和AsA含量以及SOD、CAT、POD酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而抑制了由UV-B辐射引起小麦的脂质过氧化作用,以处理5 min为最适时间.     

Ultramicroscopy reveals that senescence induces in-situ and vacuolar degradation of plastoglobules in aging watermelon leaves

The dynamics of plastoglobules in chloroplasts in aging watermelon leaves were examined by means of transmission electron microscopy, with the aim to understand the intracellular sites for the degradation of plastoglobules in response to leaf senescence. Plastoglobules in chloroplasts in aging leaves with 40% loss of chlorophyll increased drastically in number and size in comparison with young and mature leaves. As senescence advanced, plastoglobules underwent degradation within chloroplasts, or were secreted outside chloroplasts. There were two distinct types of secretion. One type was that chloroplasts protruded to form plastoglobule-containing vesicles and, as the vesicles were detached from chloroplasts, plastoglobules were carried outside chloroplasts. The other type was that plastoglobules squeezed out through the chloroplast envelope into cytoplasm. Lipid droplets were present in the vacuole and underwent degradation therein. Lipid droplets in the vacuole shared similar ultramicroscopic appearance with plastoglobules in chloroplasts, indicating that plastoglobules were engulfed and degraded by the vacuole after they were secreted outside chloroplasts. These results suggested that senescence induces both in-situ and vacuolar degradation of plastoglobules in aging watermelon leaves.     

姜黄素对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用研究

探讨姜黄素(Curcumin,简称Cur)对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用。小鼠灌胃不同剂量的Cur后给予4 Gy剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子束全身单次照射。24 h后对小鼠睾丸组织形态学变化进行观察,并测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:中、高浓度Cur预处理组对小鼠睾丸组织的形态具有较好的保护作用;低、中浓度Cur预处理组MDA含量显著降低(P0.05);与单纯照射组相比,低浓度Cur预处理组SOD活性水平和中浓度Cur预处理组CA了活性水平显著提高(P0.05)。结果表明:Cur对重离子全身辐射小鼠的抗氧化系统有一定的激活效应,对辐射损伤有一定的防护作用,其机制可能与Cur清除自由基,保护脂质和蛋白质有关。     

辣椒红素分子体外氧化防御反应UV-Vis及FTIR光谱特征分析

采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法分析辣椒红素在外源活性氧·O-₂,H₂O₂和·OH以及在POD,CAT和LOX防御体系中的结构变化特征。结果表明,外源活性氧处理后辣椒红素最大紫外-可见光吸收峰均出现蓝移现象,其中·O-₂和·OH处理后产物FTIR谱峰数减少,峰强变弱,峰形变宽;与色素分子中的羰基和环外烯基发生氧化反应生成烷基和羟基,·OH对色素分子CC具有加成作用;H₂O₂处理后色素特征峰和强势峰均向低波数位移,产物中含环氧醚基团;在H₂O₂+CAT/POD防御体系中辣椒红素UV-Vis和FTIR光谱特征无明显变化;在亚油酸+LOX体系中色素分子结构发生断裂,产物不含羰基。可见活性氧处理及在LOX底物体系中,辣椒红素分子反应前后UV-Vis和FTIR等光谱特征发生明显变化,色素分子中长烯链断裂,大共轭体系缩短或被破坏,分子中的共轭双键和羰基等发色基团改变,最终生成醇类或醚类等小分子无色物质;而防御酶CAT和POD能减少活性氧对辣椒红素分子的破坏作用。研究结果丰富完善了辣椒色素理论,同时为其开发利用提供了有价值的技术参考依据。     

采用可见/近红外光谱检测大麦叶片过氧化氢酶与过氧化物酶含量的研究

采用可见/近红外光谱对丙酯草醚胁迫下大麦叶片过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)与过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)含量预测进行研究。对500～900 nm光谱采用移动平均法(moving average, MA)11点平滑方法进行预处理。采用蒙特卡罗-偏最小二乘法(monte carlo-partial least squares, MCPLS)方法分别对于CAT与POD的含量预测剔除7个与8个异常样本。基于全部光谱建立了CAT与POD含量预测的PLS,最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machine, LS-SVM)与极限学习机(extreme learning machine, ELM)模型,ELM模型对CAT含量预测效果最好,建模集相关系数(correlation coefficient of calibration, R_c)为0.916,预测集相关系数R_p为0.786;PLS模型对POD含量预测效果最佳,R_c为0.984,R_p为0.876。采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)算法分别为CAT与POD预测选择了8个与19个特征波长,基于特征波长建立的PLS,LS-SVM与ELM模型中,ELM模型对CAT与POD含量预测效果均最佳,CAT含量预测的相关系数为R_c=0.928,R_p=0.790;POD含量预测的相关系数R_c=0.965,R_p=0.941。基于全谱与基于特征波长的回归分析模型预测效果相当,且对POD含量的预测效果优于对CAT含量的预测效果,而这需要进一步研究以得到精度和稳定性更高的预测模型。研究结果表明,采用可见/近红外光谱结合化学计量学方法可以实现对除草剂胁迫下大麦叶片CAT与POD含量的预测。     

Study of cell killing effect on S180 by ultrasound activating protoporphyrin IX

The present study was initiated to investigate the potential biological mechanism of cell killing effect on isolate sarcoma 180 (S180) cells induced by ultrasound activating protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). S180 cells were exposed to ultrasound for 30 s duration, at a frequency of 2.2 MHz and an acoustic power of 3 W/cm² in the presence of 120 μM PPIX. The viability of cells was evaluated using trypan blue staining. The generation of oxygen free radicals in cell suspensions was detected immediately after treatment using a reactive oxygen detection kit. A copper reagent colorimetry method was used to measure the level of FFAs released into cell suspensions by the process of cell damage induced by ultrasound and PPIX treatment. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (i.e., SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) in S180 tumor cells. Treatment with ultrasound and PPIX together increased the cell damage rate to 50.91%, while treatment with ultrasound alone gave a cell damage rate to 24.24%, and PPIX alone kept this rate unchanged. Colorimetry and enzymatic chemical methods showed that the level of FFAs in cell suspension increased significantly after the treatment, while the activity of all the above enzymes decreased in tumor cells at different levels, and were associated with the generation of oxygen free radicals in cell suspension after treatment. The results indicate that oxygen free radicals may play an important role in improving the membrane lipid peroxidation, degrading membrane phospholipids to release FFAs, and decreasing the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes in cells. This biological mechanism might be involved in mediating the effects on S180 cells and resulting in the cell damage seen with SDT.     

Interaction of imidazoline- and imidazolidine-based nitroxides with chloroplasts

In this work, we investigated the interaction of a number of novel pH-sensitive spin probes (imidazoline- and imidazolidine-based nitroxides) with isolated chloroplasts. The light-induced changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance signals of these radicals are determined by several factors: ΔpH-driven accumulation of nitroxides inside the thylakoids, consumption (or evolution) of oxygen by chloroplasts, and irreversible loss of spin probe paramagnetism. A comparative study of these radicals characterized by different pK_a allowed us to conclude that these spin probes can be used as pH indicators for monitoring the intrathylakoid pH- and light-induced changes in oxygen concentration in chloroplast suspension.     

~(12)C~(6+)离子辐照对苜蓿M1代低温胁迫存活率、过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性的影响

研究了不同剂量12C6+离子辐照对中兰1号、BC-04-477、塔城3种苜蓿M1代个体在低温胁迫下存活率、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。在辐照剂量为400 Gy时,中兰1号低温胁迫组存活率、CAT活性比未辐照的对照分别提高了33.3%,56.3%,POD活性与未辐照的对照无差异;在辐照剂量为400 Gy时,BC-04-477低温胁迫组存活率、CAT及POD活性比未辐照的对照组分别提高了33.3%,69.2%,5.1%;塔城在辐照剂量为800 Gy时,低温胁迫组的存活率、CAT及POD活性比未辐照的对照组分别提高了25%,26%,22.8%。以上结果表明,12C6+离子辐照可以提高中兰1号、BC-04-477、塔城的低温环境的存活能力,提高苜蓿抗寒性能。     

可见分光光度法测定碱胁迫中合欢幼苗的生理指标

为检测合欢幼苗的抗碱胁迫能力,文章试验利用可见分光光度法测定了碱胁迫下合欢幼苗体内的丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及POD、SOD活性,分析这些生理指标在不同处理浓度、不同处理时间下的变化规律,探求碱胁迫下合欢幼苗的抗逆生理机制。随着Na₂CO₃处理浓度的增加,幼苗叶片中MDA和可溶性糖含量,均呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于75 mmol·L-1,两者含量变化较平缓,而浓度高于75 mmol·L-1时,则含量急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;脯氨酸含量也呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于100 mmol·L-1,变化较平缓,浓度高于100 mmol·L-1时,含量则急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;SOD和POD活性变化趋势一致,都呈单峰曲线变化,但两者活性最大值所对应的处理浓度不同,分别为50和75 mmol·L-1。此外,随着胁迫时间的延长,同一浓度处理的丙二醛含量逐步增加,而脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、SOD、POD活性变化较复杂,无明显规律性。     

航天育种第4代白术的XRF和PXRD分析

用X射线荧光(XRF)和X射线衍射(PXRD)技术对第4代太空组和地面组白术中元素种类、含量及主要化学组分的微结构进行测定并作对比分析。结果表明,太空组比地面组白术少了Na和Ti两种元素,K和Mn的含量分别提高到1.16和1.15倍,其他元素含量有不同程度的下降,尤其是Si和P,分别下降了82.1%和71.2%;在地面组白术中鉴别出含有一水草酸钙和菊糖,而太空组白术中不含菊糖,一水草酸钙的含量比地面组明显减小。航天育种有利于选育出变异幅度大的特异质白术新品种。这两种技术配合使用适宜对变异幅度大的航天育种药用植物的元素和主要组分微结构的分析。