Experimental study of dynamic and noise produced by a gearing excited by a multi-harmonic excitation

This paper deals with the rattle noise, caused by the fluctuation of the engine torque (acyclic excitation) which, under special conditions, can cause multiple impacts inside the gearbox. Its aim is to experimentally describe the rattle phenomenon in a gearbox. First, a fully instrumented test rig consisting of a simplified gearbox was designed in order to recreate the rattle noise phenomenon for a multi harmonic excitation imposed to the input shaft of the gearbox. Second, different gearbox configurations were used to characterize the rattle threshold and the rattle noise evolution, in relation to excitation parameters and mechanical gearbox parameters. Third, a simplified model of the rattle phenomenon is drawn, aiming to determine the most significant parameters to the rattle noise.     

Prediction of airborne radiated noise from lightly loaded lubricated meshing gear teeth

This paper introduces a novel analytical method for determination of gear airborne noise under lightly loaded conditions, often promoting gear rattle of loose unengaged gear pairs. The system examined comprises a single gear pair, modelled through integrated contact tribology and inertial transient dynamics. Lubricant film thickness, structural vibration and airborne gear noise are predicted and correlated with experimental measurements undertaken in a semi-anechoic environment. Good agreement is noticed between the numerical predictions and the experimental measurements. The presented model is capable of estimating the airborne radiated gear noise levels and the dynamic behaviour of gear pairs under different operating conditions, with superimposed impulsive input speed harmonics.     

Experimental characterization of instrument panel buzz, squeak, and rattle (BSR) in a vehicle

Among the various elements affecting a customer’s evaluation of automobile quality, buzz, squeak, and rattle (BSR) are considered to be major factors. We propose an integrated experimental method that can be used to reduce BSR in an instrument panel module in a vehicle cabin, especially during the early design stage of vehicle development. We devised a vibration triggering system consisting of a fixture and an electromagnetic shaker to generate an input load reproducing the excitation signal from the road to the instrument panel without distortion. Potential source regions for BSR were localized using a near-field acoustic holography map obtained from near-acoustic-field visualization equipment consisting of 48 intensity-type microphones, a data-acquisition system, and its analysis software. Finally, a sound quality evaluation of BSR from the detected potential source regions was performed using sound quality metrics. These experimental procedures were applied to characterize BSR from the instrument panel in a passenger vehicle. Based on our measurements and analysis, typical main source regions for BSR on the instrument panel were identified and quantitatively evaluated in terms of physical levels and sound quality metrics. These results revealed that the proposed experimental procedure can be used as a test procedure to identify BSR issues at an early stage in the vehicle development cycle, which could ultimately reduce production costs.     

基于传声器阵列过顶测量结果的飞机起落架噪声研究

应用由111个传声器组成的平面传声器阵列对当前流行的民用客机进场着陆过程中的机体噪声源进行了实验测量,本对七架窄体客机和七架宽体客机的起落架噪声进行了分析,得到了起落架噪声的频谱特性、指向特性和声级变化。研究发现,起落架噪声的频谱是由宽频随机噪声与一些较为明显的单噪声源组成,起落架噪声的指向性类似于一个水平放置的偶极子。不同飞机起落架噪声的声级相差较大,这说明可以通过重新结构设计降低起落架噪声。     

α粒子激励下氩激发态光谱

用自制的单光子计数系统,测定了氩在α粒子激励下的发射光谱.在 300～600 nm范围,认证得到4条 Arl,24条 ArⅡ1条ArⅢ谱线.实验研究了谱线强度随气体压强的变化规律.经初步统计分析,提出在472.8 nm,487.9nm等谱线上实现核泵浦激光振荡的可能性.     

Condition monitoring of a single-stage gearbox with artificially induced gear cracks utilizing on-line vibration and acoustic emission measurements

The condition monitoring of a lab-scale, single stage, gearbox using different non-destructive inspection methodologies and the processing of the acquired waveforms with advanced signal processing techniques is the aim of the present work. Acoustic emission (AE) and vibration measurements were utilized for this purpose. The experimental setup and the instrumentation of each monitoring methodology are presented in detail. Emphasis is given on the signal processing of the acquired vibration and acoustic emission signals in order to extract conventional as well as novel parameters-features of potential diagnostic value from the monitored waveforms. Innovative wavelet-based parameters-features are proposed utilizing the discrete wavelet transform. The evolution of selected parameters/features versus test time is provided, evaluated and the parameters with the most interesting diagnostic behaviour are highlighted. The differences in the parameters evolution of each NDT technique are discussed and the superiority of AE over vibration recordings for the early diagnosis of natural wear in gear systems is concluded.     

Influence of stiffeners on plate vibration and radiated noise excited by turbulent boundary layers

The influence of stiffeners on plate vibration and noise radiation induced by turbulent boundary layers is investigated by wind tunnel measurements. Plates with and without stiffeners are tested under the flow speed of 60 m/s, 71 m/s and 86 m/s, respectively. The stiffeners are set either perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the free stream. Measured vibration and noise levels are compared with theoretical calculations, where wall pressure cross-spectra are described by the Corcos model. For the plates tested, it is evident that stiffeners perpendicular to the direction of the free stream could increase noise radiation, but have almost no influence on vibration level of plates.     

Experimental study of unidirectional excitation of SPPs by binary area-coded nanohole arrays

We present an experimental study on a unidirectional surface plasmon polariton （SPP） launcher based on a compact binary area-coded nanohole array, where the symmetry breaking is realized via effective-index modulation in the binary pattern of the gold film, thus avoiding the challenge of modulating nanostructure in its depth. It is shown that SPPs can be unidirectionally and effectively excited at normal incidence. The SPP intensity and asymmetric excitation ratio, which are two key figure-of-merits of SPP launchers, can be improved by increasing the number of array rows. The proposed device is compatible with most mature top-town nanofabrieation techniques and thus is perspective for low-cost mass production.     

Experimental study and numerical simulation of evacuation from a dormitory

The evacuation process of students from a dormitory is investigated by both experiment and modeling. We investigate the video record of pedestrian movement in a dormitory, and find some typical characteristics of evacuation, including continuous pedestrian flow, mass behavior and so on. Based on the experimental observation, we found that simulation results considering pre-movement time are closer to the experimental results. With the model considering pre-movement time, we simulate the evacuation process and compare the simulation results with the experimental results, and find that they agree with each other closely. The crowd massing phenomenon is conducted in this paper. It is found that different crowd massing phenomena will emerge due to different desired velocities. The crowd massing phenomenon could be more serious with the increase of the desired velocity. In this study, we also found the faster-is-slower effect. When the positive effect produced by increasing the desired velocity is not sufficient for making up for its negative effect, the phenomenon of the greater the desired velocity the longer the time required for evacuation will emerge. From the video record, it can be observed that the mass behavior is obvious during the evacuation process. And the mass phenomenon could also be found in simulation. The results obtained from our study are also suitable to all these buildings in which both living and resting areas occupy the majority space, such as dormitories, residential buildings, hotels (restaurants) and so on.     

The van Kampen expansion for the Fokker-Planck equation of a duffing oscillator excited by colored noise

In Rodríguez and van Kampen's 1976 paper a method of extracting information from the Fokker-Planck equation without having to solve the equation is outlined. The Fokker-Planck equation for a Duffing oscillator excited by white noise is expanded about the intensity of the forcing function. In Weinstein and Benaroya, the effect of the order of expansion is investigated by carrying the expansion to a higher order. The effect of varying the system parameters is also investigated. All results are verified by comparison to Monte Carlo experiments. In this paper, the van Kampen expansion is modified and applied to the case of a Duffing oscillator excited by colored noise. The effect of the correlation time is investigated. Again the results are compared to those of Monte Carlo experiments. It is found that the expansion compares closely with those of the Monte Carlo experiments as the correlation time _c is varied from 0.001 to 10 sec. Examination of the results reveals that the colored noise can be categorized in one of four ways: (1) for the noise can be considered as white for all intents and purposes, (2) for the noise can be considered white for some purposes, (3) for the correlated nature of the noise must be considered in an analysis, and (4) for the noise can be considered as deterministic.     

Luminescence and excitation spectra of YAG:Nd excited by synchrotron radiation

The low-temperature 4f²5d→4f³ fast emission of Nd³⁺ from YAG:Nd³⁺ has been studied under excitation by synchrotron radiation. Additionally, 4f³→4f³ luminescence of Nd³⁺ has been observed and assigned to transitions from the ²F(2)_5/2 and ⁴F_3/2 multiplet terms. The observed experimental spectra of Nd³⁺ d-f emission and f-d excitation are well simulated by crystal-field calculations.     

三态噪声激励下分数阶耦合系统的随机共振现象

为了刻画在黏弹性介质中具有质量涨落的耦合粒子的运动行为,本文提出了相应模型,即三态噪声激励下的分数阶耦合系统.利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换,发现了粒子间的统计同步性,并得到了系统输出幅值增益的解析表达.在此基础上,针对模型涉及的关键要素,即耦合系统、分数阶系统和三态噪声,着重分析了耦合系数、系统阶数和噪声稳态转移概率对系统输出幅值增益的广义随机共振现象的影响,并给出了合理解释.具体地说,1)随着耦合系数的增大,共振现象将先增强后减弱,直至收敛.该现象表明适当的耦合作用能够促进系统共振现象的产生,体现了研究耦合系统的重要性.2)随着系统阶数的增大,共振现象将逐渐减弱.当系统阶数取值为1,即系统退化为整数阶系统时,其输出幅值增益的峰值最小,该现象说明分数阶系统能比传统整数阶系统得到更大的输出幅值增益.3)噪声稳态转移概率对系统输出幅值增益的影响会随着与之相关的其他参数的变化而变化.在一定参数条件下,三态噪声不仅能够使系统输出幅值获得比双态噪声激励时更大的增益,还能改变系统的共振类型.最后,通过数值仿真验证了上述结果的正确性.     

PIN限幅器PSpice模拟与实验研究

 从PIN二极管基区双极载流子扩散方程出发,通过拉普拉斯变换求解得到PIN二极管子电路模型,从而通过PSpice软件瞬态数值模拟得到了PIN限幅器的尖峰泄漏、平顶泄漏与脉冲功率、上升时间关系。对于I层厚度一定的限幅器,模拟与实验表明脉冲前沿越大,尖峰泄漏功率插入损耗越大,脉冲前沿过缓则可能没有尖峰泄漏现象;尖峰泄漏功率随着输入功率的增加而变大,但尖峰泄漏功率插损也随之增大;尖峰脉冲宽度与I层厚度、输入功率及脉冲前沿均有关系。限幅器尖峰泄漏与平顶泄漏模拟结果与实验数据基本一致。     

基于双光子激发荧光的单分子探测技术研究

介绍采用双光子激发荧光方法进行单分子探测的原理和自行研制的实验装置,激发光聚焦和荧光收集采用共焦方式。选择香豆素C445水溶液作为研究对象,从样品流速、浓度、激光功率、信噪比和检测限等方面探讨了双光子激发荧光的特性。该谱仪目前己达到探测灵敏区内C445的平均分子数为1.5个的检测限     

利用湍流廓线获得斜程大气相干长度的实验研究

 用两种方法获得有限高度斜程大气相干长度。一种方法用安置在测量铁塔上的温度脉动仪以及多普勒声雷达测量了大气边界层下部折射率结构常数廓线，用以计算有限高度球面波斜程大气相干长度；另一种方法用系留气球搭载一个点光源，在地面用差分光学系统接收球面波到达角起伏法测量了实时斜程大气相干长度。对实验结果进行了比较和分析，二者都反映了实际大气斜程相干长度的时间变化特点。两种方法结果的相关性比较好，因此两种方法都可以在大气光学传输研究中应用。最后在实验的基础上对湍流廓线计算球面波斜程大气相干长度作了讨论。     

水下充水圆柱声腔内声场自适应有源控制实验研究

本文研究了有限长充水圆柱置于水中，外声场透射形成的腔内声场自适应有源控制实验研究，结果显示，由于圆柱结构与水介质的耦合，有源控制中的声控制方法能够较好的抵消声腔主导模态和强耦合的结构主导模态，因而能够抵消在圆柱腔内较宽频带范围的声场，实验还研究了消声频带，误差传感器布放位置及肖声区域等问题。     

Experimental study of highly excited even-parity bound states of the Sm atom

In this work, a three-step autoionization detection method and direct photoionization detection method are employed to measure the highly excited even-parity states of the Sm atom in the energy region between 36360~cm^-1 and 40800~cm^-1. Comparisons between the results from the two detection techniques enable us to discriminate the Rydberg states from the valence states in the same energy region with the information of level energies, possible J values and their relative intensities. Furthermore, in the experiment two different excitation schemes are designed to obtain the spectra of highly excited even-parity states of the Sm atom. With a detailed analysis of the experimental data, this work not only confirms the results about many spectral data from the literature with different excitation schemes, but also reports new spectral data on 29 Rydberg states and 23 valence states.     

Experimental study of propagation of instability waves in a submerged jet under transverse acoustic excitation

An experimental study was conducted on the specific features of instability wave propagation in the mixing layer of a turbulent jet when the jet is excited by an external acoustic wave. We used the technique of conditional phase averaging of data obtained by particle image velocimetry using the reference signal of a microphone placed near the jet. The influence of the excitation frequency on the characteristics of large-scale structures in the mixing layer was investigated. It is shown that the propagation patterns of the instability waves agree well with previously obtained data on the localization of acoustic sources in turbulent jets.     

Experimental study of transmission enhancement of evanescent waves through silver films assisted by surface plasmon excitation

In this paper, we investigated an essential precursor of superlensing: enhancing the transmission of evanescent waves assisted by excitation of surface plasmon. Using natural roughness as a well characterized grating, the transmission of evanescent waves is studied through silver thin films of increasing thickness. Measurements and calculations are performed in the wavelength range of 514.5 nm to 351.1 nm where the real part of the permittivity of silver is negative. Pronounced peaks due to surface-plasmon excitations are observed in the transmission spectra. We found the transmission of evanescent waves rapidly grows with the film thickness up to about 50 nm, after which it decays as loss becomes significant. As the permittivity of a silver slab approaches -1, we experimentally observed a broadening of surface plasmon bandwidth. Our study indicates a pathway to access the deep subwavelength features by metamaterial superlens. PACS 42.79-e; 42.30.Wb; 78.20.Ci; 78.66.Bz