高效液相色谱法测定橡胶及其制品中16种多环芳烃

经粉碎的橡胶样品用正已烷及丙酮(1+1)的混合溶剂萃取,所得萃取液蒸至近干后加入正己烷2 mL溶解残渣,将溶液经硅胶固相萃取柱分离并净化,吸附于柱上的多环芳烃用由正己烷及二氯甲烷(3+2)组成的淋洗液解吸,洗出液蒸至近干加入一定量的内标溶液使之溶解并用高效液相色谱法测定.选用LC-PAH色谱柱作固定相,用乙腈和水以不同比例混合的溶液作为流动相进行梯度淋洗,紫外检测器的测定波长为210 nm,以苝-d12作为内标进行定量测定,在优化的试验条件下16种多环芳烃可有效分离并测定.研究结果表明:16种多环芳烃的检出限(3S/N)、平均回收率及测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)依次在0.05～0.10 mg·L-1,65.1%～101.7%及1.8%～7.3%之间.     

微波萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定文具中16种多环芳烃

采用微波萃取–气相色谱–质谱联用法测定文具中16种多环芳烃的含量。样品用正己烷–丙酮(体积比为1∶1)溶液微波提取,提取液经硅胶固相萃取柱净化,氮吹浓缩,定容后用气相色谱–质谱仪测定。采用DB–5MS色谱柱程序升温分离,选择离子模式采集,外标法定量。16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在0.016～0.80 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.003～0.014 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.01～0.05mg/kg。3水平平均加标回收率为87.1%～113.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%～7.9%(n=6)。该方法检测灵敏度高,操作简便,定量准确,适用于文具中16种多环芳烃的分析检测。     

气相色谱质谱联用法测定纹身贴中18种多环芳烃

建立气相色谱质谱联用法（GC-MS）同时测定纹身贴中18种多环芳烃。纹身贴样品用水润湿背纸后,取下覆膜上的油墨,在烘箱中烘干至恒重,用甲苯超声提取,冷却后供GC-MS仪分析,以色谱峰面积内标法定量。样品于60℃用甲苯超声60 min,方法定量限为0.2～1.0 mg/kg,18种多环芳烃的质量浓度在0.005～2.0 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999 5,低、中、高三个浓度水平的加标回收率为94.3%～99.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.2%～3.7%(n=7),满足测定要求。     

超声-微波协同萃取装置用于土壤中多环芳烃的分析

本研究将开放式微波和直接超声波振荡两种不同的能量方式相结合,研制出超声-微波协同萃取装置。通过萃取土壤中微量多环芳烃(PAHs),对方法和仪器的可行性进行了初步评价。结果表明,在60 mL二氯甲烷-正已烷(1∶1,V/V)的混合萃取剂,100 W微波辐射功率(超声振动功率固定为50 W),萃取9~10m in,土壤中多环芳烃回收率达86.6%,相对标准偏差约4.0%。与索氏抽提、高压密闭和开放式微波等萃取方法相比,本方法具有样品容量大,萃取时间短,萃取效率受样品中含水量和溶剂极性影响小等优点。     

加速溶剂萃取／气质联用法测定城市污水处理厂污泥中的多环芳烃

根据污水处理厂污泥的特点，将样品进行冷冻脱水后，使用加速溶剂萃取仪进行其中的多环芳烃物质提取，再用弗罗里土等为填料自制的净化柱消除提取液的浑浊和乳化现象，最后采用自动蒸发浓缩工作站浓缩提取液的方法进行样品前处理。使提取液中的多环芳烃能够在气质联用仪上获得较好的测定效果。     

超声协同GC/MS测定土壤中的多环芳烃

本文以土壤中多环芳烃为研究对象,利用超声波产生的机械效应和空化效应,使其从土壤介质表面脱离形成游离状态下的多环芳烃,进入有机溶剂后,形成多环芳烃在土壤介质和有机溶剂之间的动态平衡,进而实现多环芳烃的萃取.通过有机溶剂的筛选和超声萃取优化实验,发现体积比为1:1的二氯甲烷和正己烷,提取体积为50 mL、超声时间20 mi...     

气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定纺织品中的8种多环芳烃

建立了同时快速测定纺织品中8种多环芳烃的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法。样品经正己烷-丙酮(1∶1)超声波提取,氮吹浓缩后采用DB-17MS色谱柱程序升温分离,选择离子模式采集,外标法定量。研究了纺织品中8种多环芳烃的提取方法,并对色谱和质谱条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,多环芳烃的浓度在0.05~1.00 mg/L或0.10~1.00 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,方法检出限(LOD)为0.02~0.05 mg/kg,方法定量下限(LOQ)为0.05~0.10 mg/kg。在3个加标水平下的回收率为81.2%~106.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~8.5%。该方法灵敏度高,操作简便,定量准确,适用于纺织品中8种多环芳烃的分析测定。     

气质联用法测定电器塑料产品中多环芳烃含量的不确定度

采用气质联用法对电器塑料产品中的多环芳烃进行了分析,通过建立数学模型,分析了测量不确定度的主要来源有样品质量、样品萃取液体积、样品萃取液测定浓度、试剂空白液测定浓度以及平均回收率。对各不确定度分量进行了评定,当多环芳烃含量为239.03mg/kg时,合成不确定为7.41mg/kg,扩展不确定度为14.82mg/kg。     

超声-微波协同萃取分离、气相色谱-质谱联用测定土壤中多环芳烃

建立了常温常压条件下超声-微波协同萃取分离、气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）测定土壤样品中微量多环芳烃的方法,结果表明：在土壤含水量和无机盐质量分数分别为10％和6％时,以正已烷-二氯甲烷（1＋1）混合溶液40mL作萃取溶剂,采用100W微波辐射功率（超声振动功率固定为50W）萃取9min,模拟土壤样品中多环芳烃平均回收率可达86．9％,其相对标准偏差为3．6％;通过与索氏抽提、高压密闭微波和开放式微波、直接超声波和间接超声波等萃取方法相比,证明此方法具有样品容量大、萃取时间短、萃取效率高、重现性好等优点。     

同位素稀释三重串联四级杆质谱法测定鱼组织中24种多环芳烃

采用气相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱联用技术测定了鱼组织中24种多环芳烃(PAHs).将冻干鱼组织样品加入同位素内标后,用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)进行提取,提取液采用凝胶排阻色谱(GPC)和固相萃取(SPE)联用进行净化.采用二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,100℃下提取,以二氯甲烷作为GPC的流动相,在3.5 mL/min流速下,收...     

超速匀质超声波辅助萃取—气相色谱/质谱法测定沉积物中16种多环芳烃

建立了用于检测沉积物中多环芳烃PAHs的超速匀质超声波辅助萃取—气相色谱/质谱法。以乙腈为提取剂对水体沉积物中16种PAHs进行提取,铜粉净化,所得净化液浓缩丙酮定容用Agilent HP-5MS毛细管柱进行分离,质谱全扫描检测。采用质谱检测器根据NIST 05谱图库比对进行定性分析;外标法进行定量分析。结果表明：16种PAHs的检出限在0.004~0.028 μg?kg-1之间。用标准加入法测得回收率在71.3%~117.2%,相对标准偏差（n＝7）在1.2%~9.8%之间。通过实际样品中PAHs的分析表明,该法快速、溶剂用量小,满足痕量分析的要求。     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soy isoflavone nutraceutical products by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been determined in soy‐based nutraceutical products. First, an optimization of extraction procedure was performed, and a solid–liquid extraction assisted by sonication and a dilute and shoot procedure were compared, selecting the dilute and shoot approach for the extraction of target compounds, utilizing a mixture of acetone/n‐hexane (1:1 v/v) as extractant solvent. After this, a clean‐up step was needed bearing in mind the complexity of these matrices. Dispersive solid‐phase extraction, using a mixture of C₁₈ and Zr‐Sep+ (25 mg/mL each) was used. The separation was achieved by gas chromatography and detection with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. For quantification purposes, matrix‐matched calibration was used. The validation was applied at three concentration levels (20, 100 and 250 μg/kg), obtaining recoveries between 70 and 120% and precision values equal to or lower than 23%. Limits of detection and quantification were below 8 and 20 μg/kg, respectively. The method was applied in 11 samples, detecting five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at concentrations ranging from 4.1 to 18.5 μg/kg.     

Determination of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine using graphene oxide incorporated monolith solid‐phase extraction coupled with LC‐MS/MS

The biomonitoring of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine, as a direct way to access multiple exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has raised great concerns due to their increasing hazardous health effects on humans. Solid‐phase extraction is an effective and useful technique to preconcentrate trace analytes from biological samples. Here, we report a novel solid‐phase extraction method using a graphene oxide incorporated monolithic syringe for the determination of six hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine coupled with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of graphene oxide amount, washing solvent, eluting solvent, and its volume on the extraction performance were investigated. The fabricated monoliths gave higher adsorption efficiency and capacity than the neat polymer monolith and commercial C₁₈ sorbent. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.02–0.1 ng/mL and the linear ranges of 0.1–1500 ng/mL for six analytes in urine sample. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 77.5 to 97.1%. Besides, the intra column‐to‐column (n = 3) and inter batch‐to‐batch (n = 3) precisions were ≤ 9.8%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples of coke oven workers.     

Determination of chloro-s-triazines including didealkylatrazine using solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Chloro-s-triazines are a class of compounds comprising atrazine, simazine, propazine, cyanazine and their chlorinated metabolites. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined that selected chloro-s-triazines--atrazine, simazine, propazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and didealkylatrazine--have a common mode of toxicity related to endocrine disruption. In this paper, a dual-resin solid-phase extraction (SPE) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is reported that provides for each of these chloro-s-triazines including the polar metabolite, didealkylatrazine. The method utilizes deuterated internal standards for quantitation and terbuthylazine as a recovery standard. The limit-of-detection was 0.01 microg/L for simazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine and didealkylatrazine, and 0.02 microg/L for atrazine and propazine in surface water. Mean recoveries for 0.5 and 3.0 microg/L spikes for atrazine, simazine, propazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine and didealkylatrazine were 94, 104, 103, 110, 108 and 102%, respectively, in surface water. The method was also validated by matrix spikes into fourteen different raw and treated natural surface waters. This method is useful for monitoring "total chloro-s-triazines" in both raw and treated drinking waters.     

Development of an improved method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream tobacco smoke

A gas chromatograph/mass-selective detection (GC/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in mainstream tobacco smoke condensate. The utilization of two types of solid-phase extraction media combined with capillary column technology removed matrix interferences, afforded a significant reduction in analysis run time, and increased accuracy. Also, the addition of a chilled impinger was used to trap semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and to provide more accurate data. This was done without sacrificing the repeatability, reproducibility, and precision obtained in previously published methods. The development and validation studies discussed in this paper resulted in an improved, robust analytical method capable of increasing laboratory capacity and reducing sample reporting time.     

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples: a critical review of gas chromatographic (GC) methods

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently measured in the atmosphere for air quality assessment, in biological tissues for health-effects monitoring, in sediments and mollusks for environmental monitoring, and in foodstuffs for safety reasons. In contemporary analysis of these complex matrices, gas chromatography (GC), rather than liquid chromatography (LC), is often the preferred approach for separation, identification, and quantification of PAHs, largely because GC generally affords greater selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity than LC. This article reviews modern-day GC and state-of-the-art GC techniques used for the determination of PAHs in environmental samples. Standard test methods are discussed. GC separations of PAHs on a variety of capillary columns are examined, and the properties and uses of selected mass spectrometric (MS) techniques are presented. PAH literature on GC with MS techniques, including chemical ionization, ion-trap MS, time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS), and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), is reviewed. Enhancements to GC, for example large-volume injection, thermal desorption, fast GC, and coupling of GC to LC, are also discussed with regard to the determination of PAHs in an effort to demonstrate the vigor and robustness GC continues to achieve in the analytical sciences.     

Graphene‐based solid‐phase extraction disk for fast separation and preconcentration of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples

Graphene has great potentials for the use in sample preparation due to its ultra high specific surface area, superior chemical stability, and excellent thermal stability. In our work, a novel graphene‐based SPE disk was developed for separation and preconcentration of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples. Based on the strong π–π stacking interaction between the analytes and graphene, the analytes extracted by graphene were eluted by cyclohexane and then determined by GC‐MS. Under the optimized conditions, high flow rate (30 mL/min) and sensitivity (0.84–13 ng/L) were achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 72.8 to 106.2%. Furthermore, the property of anticlogging and reusability was also improved. This work reveals great potentials of graphene‐based SPE disk in environmental analytical.     

多次溶剂萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定热熔胶中的多环芳烃

建立了热熔胶中16种多环芳烃( PAHs)的多次溶剂萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱测定方法。详细研究了样品的萃取条件、净化条件和气相色谱/串联质谱测定条件,并与气相色谱-质谱法进行了对比。样品以10 mL正己烷为萃取溶剂,于60℃超声萃取20 min,萃取液依次经冷冻后离心、二甲基亚砜萃取2次、正己烷反萃取2次进行净化,得到的净化液以气相色谱/串联质谱法多反应监测( MRM)模式进行检测。本方法的线性相关系数( R2)均大于0.9969,检出限为1.0~10μg/kg,精密度小于6.3%,16种PAHs的加标回收率为80.4%~117.6%。考察了串联质谱检测的基质效应,发现基质效应不明显。本方法检出限优于气相色谱-质谱法(23~94μg/kg),并能增加定性和定量分析的准确性。本方法灵敏、准确可靠,满足热熔胶中PAHs测试要求。     

土壤中64种痕量半挥发性有机污染物的分析方法研究

利用超声提取技术将土壤中的半挥发性有机污染物(SVOC)提取出来, 经旋转蒸发浓缩至一定体积后, 用ODSC18柱净化, 再用氮吹浓缩后, 取1.0 μL注入气相色谱中, 用DB-5 ms柱分离, 用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)进行定性定量分析. 本方法研究土壤中64种半挥发性有机污染物, 其中包括苯系物、苯酚类、苯胺类、硝基芳香烃类、氯代芳烃类、多环芳烃类和酞酸酯类等物质的提取、净化方法以及回收率、精密度和检测限的测定. 该方法回收率为52.5%～105%.