细胞松弛素B对葡萄糖/质子共转运蛋白GlcPSe的抑制机理

通过分子动力学对细胞松弛素B与葡萄糖/质子共转运蛋白的两种质子化状态进行了模拟, 发现细胞松弛素B对处于去质子化阶段的葡萄糖转运蛋白具有更好的抑制效果. 结果表明, 357号色氨酸和117号脯氨酸是葡萄糖转运蛋白结合细胞松弛素B的关键氨基酸; 并且当抑制剂与受体蛋白结合时, 位于第10号跨膜螺旋上的357号色氨酸与细胞松弛素B的相对位置对抑制剂的结合有重要意义.     

受体生物传感器的研究进展

综述了利用各种生物材料中的膜受体蛋白作为分子识别元件的受体生物传感器研究的最新进展。主要从离体受体传感器、细胞受体传感器和神经组织受体传感器3个方面，讨论了它们的特点和存在的问题，并展望了受体生物传感器未来的发展方向。共引用文献42篇。     

人工调控细胞表面受体聚集状态及功能

从利用物理刺激和生物大分子诱导两个方面综述了人工调控细胞表面受体聚集状态的策略.前者是利用相应的纳米材料在光、磁场、温度等物理刺激作用下实现人工调控受体聚集;后者则利用包括蛋白/多肽类分子、核酸在内的生物分子的自组装对其靶向识别的受体进行人工调控.系统介绍了相关研究领域取得的最新进展,并阐述和展望了该领域现存的挑战和发展方向.     

带肝细胞受体结合区的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原蛋白性质的研究——形成表面抗原颗粒和在不同细胞中的分泌

我们用定向缺失突变和体外重组法构建了含有肝细胞受体结合区的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)表面抗原主蛋白(S蛋白)基因。该基因在猴肾细胞COS-M6中的表达产物(S309蛋白)能形成表面抗原(HBsAg)颗粒并分泌出细胞。它在细胞和培养液中稳定,并能分别被抗HBsAg和抗preSl区的抗血清所沉淀。CsCl密度梯度分析显示S309蛋白形成颗粒的密度比S蛋白略大(1.25g/ml)。S309蛋白在肝癌细胞株中容易分泌,分泌量和S蛋白相近。但它在COS-M6细胞中的分泌和肝细胞株相差悬殊,分泌量只有10％左右,而且在培养液中出现较迟。和S蛋白的同时表达则能明显地提高它的分泌效率。     

碘的生物无机化学研究进展—碘对甲状腺激素生物活性的结构作用探讨

本文综述甲状腺激素相关研究的进展 ,探讨碘在甲状腺激素与细胞内激素受体蛋白结合中的结构作用。文中评述了关于甲状腺激素与血浆运载蛋白和细胞内受体蛋白结合的溶液亲合性、结构研究和甲状腺激素碘代酚环的分子识别特性与碘的结构效应模拟研究的数据结果 ,并就碘对激素 受体蛋白结合的结构作用提出了作者的观点     

碘的生物无机化学研究进展—碘对甲状腺激素生物活性的结构作用探讨

本文综述甲状腺激素相关研究的进展,探讨碘在甲状腺激素与细胞内激素受体蛋白结合中的结构作用。文中评述了关于甲状腺激素与血浆运载蛋白和细胞内受体蛋白结合的溶液亲合性、结构研究和甲状腺激素碘代酚环的分子识别特性与碘的结构效应模拟研究的数据结果,并就碘对激素受体蛋白结合的结构作用提出了作者的观点。     

芬太尼类化合物与阿片μ受体相互作用的分子对接与分子动力学模拟

采用分子对接和分子动力学(MD)模拟方法研究了芬太尼类化合物与阿片μ受体的相互作用机制.先用AutoDock4.0程序将芬太尼类化合物对接到同源模建的阿片μ受体结构中,再用GROMACS程序包在水溶液体系中分别对12个芬太尼激动剂和阿片μ受体蛋白复合物进行了MD模拟研究,优化对接复合物的结构,最后利用MM-PBSA方法,在APBS程序中计算芬太尼类衍生物与阿片μ受体的结合自由能,计算出的受体配合物结合常数(Ki)与其实验值吻合较好,并预测了化合物的活性排序.结果表明,复合物蛋白结构与空载受体蛋白结构有较大差异,特别是胞内区IL2、IL3和跨膜区段TM4骨架构象变化较大,不同的化合物对受体结构影响也有差异,活性较好的化合物会增加蛋白特定区域结构的柔性.芬太尼类化合物可能是通过和受体结合后诱导阿片μ受体构象转变为活性构象,引起一系列的信号传导激活G蛋白,从而引发生理效应.     

带肝细胞受体结合区的HBV表面抗原蛋白性质的研究——preS区有不同缺失的表面抗原蛋白性质的比较

本文用聚合酶链反应(PCR)构建了四对preS区有缺失突变的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因。对这些突变体及我们以前构建的缺失突变体在哺乳动物细胞中的表达和产物性质进行了比较,结果表明,preS区的部分缺失并不影响羧端S区的基本结构和氨端preS区的表面分布性。当缺失preS1区滞留顺序(a.a.2—19)后,preS区对S区带主要抗原决定簇的区域的掩蔽明显减弱。我们发现过长的preS区严重影响表面抗原蛋白从哺乳动物细胞中的分泌,除已知的滞留顺序外,preS1的另一区域(a.a.48—65)可能也有阻滞表面抗原蛋白分泌的作用,而preS2区对LS蛋白分泌的阻滞不起主要作用。preS1的肝细胞受体结合区(a.a.21—47)和S区直接融合所得蛋白性质稳定,分泌良好,有很强的抗preS1抗原性,是值得发展为新型疫苗的带preS1肝细胞受体结合区的表面抗原蛋白。     

基于框架核酸的细胞表面受体配体相互作用研究进展

细胞表面受体与配体之间的特异性相互作用在细胞生物学过程中起着重要作用。然而,与均相溶液不同,受体分子在细胞膜上的分布是非连续的、动态的,因此细胞表面的受体配体相互作用通常呈现复杂的非线性结合模式。框架核酸作为一类具有确定几何形状的DNA纳米支架,可用于多价配体的偶联,为深入揭示受体配体相互作用机制提供了可靠的工具。利用框架核酸纳米分辨率的可寻址特性,可实现对配体数目、间距及空间构象等参数的精确调控,进而研究细胞表面受体配体的结合特性及影响因素,优化结合条件最终实现高效的分子识别及靶向治疗。本文综述了基于框架核酸的细胞表面受体配体相互作用研究进展,通过探讨细胞表面受体配体相互作用的重要影响因素及生物学应用,对该研究领域的发展前景和未来趋势予以展望。     

细胞表面的智能传感器:G蛋白偶联受体——2012年诺贝尔化学奖解读

美国科学家Robert J.Lefkowitz(罗伯特.莱夫科维茨)和Brian K.Kobilka(布莱恩.克比尔卡)因为突破性地揭示了G蛋白偶联受体(G-protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)这一重要受体蛋白家族的内在工作机制而获得2012年诺贝尔化学奖。G蛋白偶联受体可以与激素和G蛋白结合形成三重复合物结构,从而活化G蛋白,引发生理反应。G蛋白偶联受体的结构及工作机制的发现与研究具有重要的理论价值和医药应用价值。     

稀土等离子与铁生物调控

本文在简介转铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体的铁（Ⅲ）调控作用研究进展的基础上,综述了稀土离子、镓与转铁蛋白的作用及稀土离子、镓代谢与铁（Ⅲ）调控系统的关系。     

Bioelectrochemistry for various facets of tau protein biochemistry

Tau protein undergoes complex biochemical processes involved in normal and diseased cellular functions; specifically, tau pathology has been linked to neurodegeneration. At the heart of tau biochemistry are three pillars: microtubules, phosphorylation, and aggregation. However, these three processes are also regulated through other biomolecules in the biological setting, such as metal ions and small and larger ligands, including proteins and nucleic acids. This review describes the latest electrochemical approaches toward greater understanding of tau biochemistry, early disease diagnosis, and drug inhibitor screening.     

A Histidine Residue and a Tetranuclear Cuprous-thiolate Cluster Dominate the Copper Loading Landscape of a Copper Storage Protein from Streptomyces lividans

The chemical basis for protecting organisms against the toxic effect imposed by excess cuprous ions is to constrain this through high-affinity binding sites that use cuprous-thiolate coordination chemistry. In bacteria, a family of cysteine rich four-helix bundle proteins utilise thiolate chemistry to bind up to 80 cuprous ions. These proteins have been termed copper storage proteins (Csp). The present study investigates cuprous ion loading to the Csp from Streptomyces lividans (SlCsp) using a combination of X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis and stopped-flow reaction kinetics with either aquatic cuprous ions or a chelating donor. We illustrate that at low cuprous ion concentrations, copper is loaded exclusively into an outer core region of SlCsp via one end of the four-helix bundle, facilitated by a set of three histidine residues. X-ray crystallography reveals the existence of polynuclear cuprous-thiolate clusters culminating in the assembly of a tetranuclear [Cu₄(μ₂-S-Cys)₄(Ν^δ1-His)] cluster in the outer core. As more cuprous ions are loaded, the cysteine lined inner core of SlCsp fills with cuprous ions but in a fluxional and dynamic manner with no evidence for the assembly of further intermediate polynuclear cuprous-thiolate clusters as observed in the outer core. Using site-directed mutagenesis a key role for His107 in the efficient loading of cuprous ions from a donor is established. A model of copper loading to SlCsp is proposed and discussed.     

Phosphoprotein electrophoresis in the presence of Fe(III) ions

Preparation of affinity polyacrylamide gels containing immobilized Fe(III) ions for the separation of proteins exhibiting metal ion binding properties is described. The presented method enables uniform distribution of immobilized metal ions in the affinity part of the polyacrylamide separating gel. Affinity gels prepared by this way are suitable to follow the effect of different concentrations of metal ions immobilized in polyacrylamide gel on a protein electrophoretic behavior. Polyacrylamide gels containing immobilized Fe(III) ions were used to study the electrophoretic behavior of two model proteins differing in their phosphate group content: chicken ovalbumin and bovine α‐casein. For the electrophoretic separation, both the native and the denaturating conditions were used.     

金属离子对蛋白质的折叠、识别、自组装及功能的影响*

金属离子不仅影响金属蛋白的空间结构,还与生物大分子的识别、自组装等性质和生物功能密切相关。在很多蛋白质中,金属离子及其配合物可以诱导周围的肽段折叠成正确的结构,我们将其称为金属结合部位作为模板诱导的结构基序（Template-mediated structural motif,TMSM)。深入研究金属离子在蛋白质-核酸自组装体系中生物大分子交联及聚集体中的作用,对理解生命的无机化学基础具有重要意义。     

Benzoisothiazole-1,1-dioxide-based synthetic receptor for zinc ion recognition in aqueous medium and its interaction with nucleic acids

Benzoisothiazole-1,1-dioxide-based synthetic receptor was prepared by two step synthesis in 92 % overall yield. Its applicability for the determination of Zn(II) and interction with nucleic acids was studied by absorption spectroscopy. Obtained data, specifically low limit of detection, 0.15 µM (R² = 0.9933), showed the high potential of the tested structure motif for the recognition and determination of Zn(II) ions in aqueous media (water:DMSO; 99:1 (ν/ν)). Alone receptor displayed orderly strongly RNA affinity. Value of LogK was 6.1 and 4.9 for its complex (1:1) with RNA and DNA, respectively. Nevertheless, in presence of complexed Zn(II) ions, its DNA affinity (represent by K, LogK = 5.7) strongly grow to near value obtained for its interaction with RNA. On the other hand, its RNA affinity (LogK = 5.9) displayed not significantly change in the presence of complexed one.     

DNAzyme‐Mediated Genetically Encoded Sensors for Ratiometric Imaging of Metal Ions in Living Cells

Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been used for metal ion detection. However, their applications are restricted to a limited number of metal ions owing to the lack of available metal‐binding proteins or peptides that can be fused to FPs and the difficulty in transforming the binding of metal ions into a change of fluorescent signal. We report herein the use of Mg²⁺‐specific 10–23 or Zn²⁺‐specific 8–17 RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes to regulate the expression of FPs as a new class of ratiometric fluorescent sensors for metal ions. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of DNAzymes to suppress the expression of Clover2, a variant of the green FP (GFP), by cleaving the mRNA of Clover2, while the expression of Ruby2, a mutant of the red FP (RFP), is not affected. The Mg²⁺ or Zn²⁺ in HeLa cells can be detected using both confocal imaging and flow cytometry. Since a wide variety of metal‐specific DNAzymes can be obtained, this method can likely be applied to imaging many other metal ions, expanding the range of the current genetically encoded fluorescent protein‐based sensors.     

A selective colorimetric chemosensor for lanthanide ions

The synthesis and complexing properties of a calix[4]arene derivate (6) carrying two spirobenzopyran moieties are described. The addition of lanthanide ions resulted in significant UV-vis spectral shifts (68-84 nm) in visible region. It indicates that the synthetic receptor can recognize lanthanide ions by naked eyes over other cations including Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. The mechanism of recognition was studied with ¹H NMR, UV-vis spectra and emission spectra. The receptor may be applied to sense lanthanide ions.     

A cyclic hexapeptide comprising alternating alpha-aminoxy and alpha-amino acids is a selective chloride ion receptor

In nonpolar solvents, the cyclic hexapeptide 2, which comprises alternating D-alpha-amino and D-alpha-aminoxy acids, adopts a C3-symmetric conformation with alternating eight (N--O turns)- and seven (gamma turns)-membered-ring hydrogen bonds. A series of anion-binding studies has suggested that 2 can function as an effective anion receptor that not only displays a high selectivity for chloride ions, but also the capability to extract chloride ions from aqueous solutions into organic phases.