毛细管电泳法研究环糊精与药物芦丁和氯霉素的相互作用

采用毛细管电泳淌度移动法测定了β-环糊精与芦丁和氯霉素这两种药物的包合常数及包合反应的热力学参数。所用未涂层熔融石英毛细管的规格为内径50 μm,总长37 cm,有效长度30 cm,电泳缓冲液为25 mmol/L硼砂+100 mmol/L硼酸(pH 8.6),并加入不同浓度的β-CD。在25 ℃时测得芦丁和氯霉素与β-CD的包合常数分别为98.5和1204 L/mol。通过测定不同温度下的包合常数,求得包合反应的系列热力学参数。结果表明β-CD与两种药物的包合反应焓熵互补现象明显。采用MM2力场对β-CD与两种药物分子的包合物的稳定构型进行了分子力学模拟,模拟结果与实验结果相符。     

β-环糊精-分子内电荷转移荧光探针-牛血清白蛋白三元超分子体系的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)及羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)与分子内电荷转移荧光探针1-酮-2-(对二甲氨基苯亚甲基)-四氢萘(KDTN)的包合作用,求得了二者的包合常数和包合比.进一步研究了CDs、KDTN及牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的超分子体系,计算了结合常数和结合比.结果表明:β-CDs-KDTN-BSA能形成1∶1∶1的三元配合物,环糊精与KDTN的包合有利于与BSA作用,其结合常数大于KDTN与BAS的结合常数.     

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精拆分莫达非尼及其立体选择性差异研究

利用毛细管电泳和分子模拟对磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)在莫达非尼手性拆分中的立体选择性差异进行了研究。考察了环糊精浓度和温度对对映体手性拆分的影响。在15~35℃温度范围内,考察了对映体的保留和分离行为。结果表明,随着温度的升高,手性分离变差,并以lnα对1/T作图,得到的Van’t Hoff曲线具有良好线性关系(r=0.995)。热力学结果表明,此手性拆分过程为焓控过程。在5~50 mmol/L范围内,考察了SBE-β-CD浓度对分离的影响,采用双倒数法求得莫达非尼S-和R-对映体与SBE-β-CD的结合常数分别为58.0和70.6 L/mol。分子模拟实验以Gold对接完成,结果表明,莫达非尼R-对映体相比S-对映体与SBE-β-CD结合更稳定,且两对映体与SBE-β-CD结合的差异主要来源与氢键贡献的差异。     

β-环糊精与神经递质的包络作用及其结构

以氢醌(HQ)为探针，用循环伏安法(CV)研究了神经递质(neurotransmitters) 分子与—环彻精(β-CD)单元的包络作用．通过在β-加倍饰电极界面上神经递质对 被包络的HQ的抑制效应，求得各神经递质与β-CD的表面包络常数，该常数因神经 递质所含官能团的不同而不同，且随链长的递增呈现有规律的递增．以甲基橙(M0) 为探针，用紫外—可见光谱法(UV)证明溶液中神经递质分子与β-CD能有效包络， 包络常数及其与神经递质分子结构的关系与循环伏安法的测定结果一致．量子化学 的服法计算得到了神经递质分子与β--CD单元包络的结构．理论计算和实验结果表 明：疏水相互作用、范德华力及氢键等多种非共价链的弱相互作用协同贡献于包络 物的形成，主客体间的结构匹配及溶剂效应对包络物的稳定性起重要作用．     

竞争包结法研究印楝素与β-环糊精及其衍生物的选择键合

以酚酞作为光谱探针,采用紫外-可见光谱滴定法测定了β-环糊精(β-CD),单(6-脱氧-乙二胺)-β-环糊精(en-β-CD),单(6-脱氧-二乙基三胺)-β-环糊精(dien-β-CD),七(2,3,6-三-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(TM-β-CD),七(2,6-二-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD),2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD) 在25 ℃时,pH=10.5缓冲液中与两种印楝素客体分子所形成超分子配合物的稳定常数.结果表明,多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的配位过程,主-客体间的尺寸匹配决定所形成配合物的稳定性,环糊精衍生物的取代基影响主体配位能力.6种环糊精主体化合物对印楝素客体分子的包合能力的大小为:HP-β-CD> en-β-CD≈dien-β-CD>β-CD> DM-β-CD≈TM-β-CD.对印楝素A和B给出相似的键合能力.     

无机盐对β-环糊精空腔微环境影响的荧光探针研究

基于芘的单体荧光光谱振动结构与其所处环境极性的相关性, 研究了碱金属氯化物对β-环糊精(β-CD)空腔微环境的影响。盐类的引入导致β-CD空腔极性减小, 芘/β-CD包络物形成常数增大。结果表明疏水相互作用是包络物形成动力之一; 盐类的引入除改变溶液的离子强度, 还与β-CD分子间存在着特殊的相互作用, 后者是导致环糊精空腔性质变化的根本原因。详细探讨了盐与β-CD分子间的作用本质。     

无机盐对β-环糊精空腔微环境影响的荧光探针研究

基于芘的单体荧光光谱振动结构与其所处环境极性的相关性, 研究了碱金属氯化物对β-环糊精(β-CD)空腔微环境的影响。盐类的引入导致β-CD空腔极性减小, 芘/β-CD包络物形成常数增大。结果表明疏水相互作用是包络物形成动力之一; 盐类的引入除改变溶液的离子强度, 还与β-CD分子间存在着特殊的相互作用, 后者是导致环糊精空腔性质变化的根本原因。详细探讨了盐与β-CD分子间的作用本质。     

紫外分光光度法及毛细管电泳法测定烷基酚与环糊精的包合常数

β-环糊精(β-CD)具有独特的外部亲水、内部疏水的空心圆台结构,能分别与对特辛基酚(OP)和正壬基酚(NP)形成包合物。该文通过紫外分光光度法测定了β-CD与OP和NP的包合比及包合常数,实验结果表明,OP和NP与β-CD均形成1∶1的包合物,包合常数分别为71.06 L/mol和1 402.72 L/mol。同时采用毛细管电泳法测定了β-CD与OP和NP在10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-10 mmol/L硼砂-20 mmol/L胆酸钠缓冲溶液(p H 9.0)中的包合常数,采用双倒数法计算出β-CD与OP和NP的包合常数分别为68.20 L/mol,1 357.80 L/mol。经F检验和t检验判断,两种方法所测包合常数一致。     

β-环糊精及其衍生物对灯盏花乙素增溶作用的研究

采用相溶解度法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD),及其衍生物羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)、单6-脱氧-氨基-β-环糊精(NH2-β-CD)和单6-脱氧-乙二胺-β-环糊精(en-β-CD)对灯盏花乙素的增溶作用,并测定了主-客体分子形成包合物的平衡常数。结果表明,当灯盏花乙素与上述5种环糊精形成可溶性包合物时,对应的相溶解度曲线均为AL型,说明其与环糊精的包合比均为1∶1;多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的包结配位过程,环糊精衍生物的取代基影响了主-客体配位能力。5种环糊精主体化合物对灯盏花乙素客体分子的增溶能力的大小为:en-β-CD>NH2-β-CD>HP-β-CD>SBE-β-CD>β-CD。     

β-环糊精及其衍生物对维生素分子的识别作用

以乙基紫(EV)为光谱探针,采用紫外-可见光谱法测定了两种维生素(V)与β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)和磺丁醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)的包合特性.结果表明,多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的包合过程,主-客体间的尺寸匹配影响了包合物的稳定性.包合能力β-CDHP-β-CDSBE-β-CD.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.