关于不完全双二次非协调板元的误差估计

本文在[1,2]的基础上,对不完全双二次板元作了进一步的讨论,不仅得到了最优的L~2—误差估计,改进了[1]的相应结果,而且利用“辅助元技巧”并结合正则Green函数法,得到了拟最优的L~∞—误差估计.     

利用依赖格网范数的有限元L_p误差估计

一、引言 有限元法分析使用依赖格网范数在一些鞍点有限元模型的敛速估计,看来既是自然的,也是成功的.将这种范数看作CooeB范数对“不协调元类”的推广,有关讨论可参看[6].文[3]应用这类范数于常微分两点边值问题的Ritz-Galerkin有限元分析,导出了L_p(1≤p≤∞)型误差估计.作为文[15]的续,本文讨论这类范数对于偏微边值问题有限元逼近的应用,得到了各种L_p型的误差估计(1相似文献   

奇异非对称两点边值问题的有限元解的整体高精度

有限元解的渐近展式是外推法的理论基础,同时也可用来研究有限元的超收敛、校正法及后验误差估计等。对于奇异系数问题,文[6]首先对线性情形f(x,u)=c(x)u+g(x),证明了均匀网格上的线性元解具有如下渐近展式:     

位移障碍下四阶变分不等式问题的非协调有限元一般误差估计式

1.引 言 关于二阶变分不等式问题的非协调有限元逼近已有大量研究[1-5].但是,对于四阶变分不等式的研究相对而言较少[6-7].[8,9,10]给出了位移障碍问题的非协调有限元,包括C0元(如Zienkiewicz元及Adini元)和非C0元(如Morley元及De Veubeke元)逼近的理论分析及最优误差估计.经过仔细分析发现,其成功的关键技巧是充分利用上述单元的一个     

关于不完全双二次非协调板元的注

本文考虑八自由度不完全双二次非协调矩形板元。得到了最优的L~2-误差估计文[2]提出了一个新的八自由度不完全双二次非协调矩形板元,其形状函数是由矩形的四个顶点的函数值和四边中点的法向导数值唯一确定。文[1]曾对此元进行了理论分析,并在u∈H~4(Ω)的较强正则性假设下,得到了一个L~2-误差估计。但是,这一估计不是最优     

SUR回归系统部分方程系数Zellner估计的有限样本性质

对于SUR回归系统(1),本文在弱于[2],[3]和[4]的条件X_l′X_i(i=2,…,m)下考虑第一个方程系数β_1的Zellner的两步估计(4),得到了β1基于非限定残差的两步估计(?)_(Z1)的均方误差矩阵精确结果,由此结果容易得到[3],[4]和[5]给出的已知结果。     

样条变差缩减算子迭代极限的一个简单证明

一、引言在[1]和[2]中,胡莹生、徐叔贤利用 Markov 链终极条件概率的有关结果,确定了一类变差缩减算子的迭代极限.本文采用作者在[3]中使用的技巧,利用多项式样条的若干基本知识,不但简单地得出了[1,2]的结果,并且给出了迭代收敛速度的估计.对于等距分划的三次样条,所给的误差估计在某种意义上是最好的.     

误差服从球对称分布时半相依回归方程组系数二步估计的有效性

关于半相依回归方程组(Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equation System)系数的估计问题,自从 Zellner 提出二步估计以后,已有许多作者详细地研究了二步估计的有限样本性质,例如 Zellner,Revankar,Tiao、Tan 和 Chang,Kataoka 和林春土等等。虽然 Zellner 早已在评注中指出,须要进一步讨论当误差的分布偏离正态时二步估计的有效性,然而文献[2—7]的结果都是在假定误差服从正态分布的条件下得出的。本文主要目的是讨论当误差服从球对称分布时,二步估计的有限样本性质,其结果是从回归方程的设计矩阵和误差分布两个方面推广了[2]—[5]、[7]的结果.     

亏度为2的四次插值样条(Ⅱ)

本文是同名文章[1]的继续.所用记号均沿用[1]中规定.我们的主要目的是讨论Ⅰs,Ⅱs,Ⅲs三种类型插值法的误差阶,并给出与eeB模、连续模有关的误差估计.本文证明了:对于Ⅰs—Ⅲs型插值样条,下列不等式:     

定常Navier-Stokes方程流函数形式两重网格算法的残量型后验误差估计

运用七种两重网格协调元方法得出了不可压Navier-Stokes方程流函数形式的残量型后验误差估计．对比标准有限元方法的后验误差估计,两重网格算法的后验误差估计多了一些额外项(三线性项)．说明了这些额外项在误差估计中对研究离散解渐近性的重要性,推出了对于最优网格尺寸,这些额外项的收敛阶不高于标准离散解的收敛阶．     

国际原油价格波动与原油进口对GDP的影响研究

基于国际原油价格的历史数据,应用统计学的方法证明国际原油价格的波动具有马尔科夫性。视我国原油进口的价格为马尔科夫链,计算其状态转移概率。在总结我国原油进口策略的基础上,估算了在各种进口价格状态下每种策略对我国GDP造成的损失,继而建立了最优策略的线性规划模型。结果显示,即使在最优策略的情况下,国际原油价格的波动仍会每月对我国的GDP造成470.78亿元的损失。     

Stabilizing the Hamiltonian system for constructing optimal trajectories

An infinite-horizon optimal control problem based on an economic growth model is studied. The goal in the problem is to optimize the mechanisms of investment in basic production assets in order to increase the growth rate of the consumption level. The main output variable-the gross domestic product (GDP)-depends on three production factors: capital stock, human capital, and useful work. The first two factors are endogenous variables of the model, and the useful work is an exogenous factor. The dependence of the GDP on the production factors is described by the Cobb-Douglas power-type production function. The economic system under consideration is assumed to be closed, so the GDP is distributed between consumption and investment in the capital stock and human capital. The optimal control problem consists in determining optimal investment strategies that maximize the integral discounted relative consumption index on an infinite time interval. A solution to the problem is constructed on the basis of the Pontryagin maximum principle adapted to infinite-horizon problems. We examine the questions of existence and uniqueness of a solution, verify necessary and sufficient optimality conditions, and perform a qualitative analysis of Hamiltonian systems on the basis of which we propose an algorithm for constructing optimal trajectories. This algorithm uses information on solutions obtained by means of a nonlinear regulator. Finally, we estimate the accuracy of the algorithm with respect to the integral cost functional of the control process.     

Generalized Convex Disjunctive Programming: Nonlinear Convex Hull Relaxation

Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) has been introduced recently as an alternative to mixed-integer programming for representing discrete/continuous optimization problems. The basic idea of GDP consists of representing these problems in terms of sets of disjunctions in the continuous space, and logic propositions in terms of Boolean variables. In this paper we consider GDP problems involving convex nonlinear inequalities in the disjunctions. Based on the work by Stubbs and Mehrotra [21] and Ceria and Soares [6], we propose a convex nonlinear relaxation of the nonlinear convex GDP problem that relies on the convex hull of each of the disjunctions that is obtained by variable disaggregation and reformulation of the inequalities. The proposed nonlinear relaxation is used to formulate the GDP problem as a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem that is shown to be tighter than the conventional big-M formulation. A disjunctive branch and bound method is also presented, and numerical results are given for a set of test problems.     

高等教育经费投入对经济增长的驱动力影响实证研究——基于西北五省数据的LMDI分解

以高等教育为主体的人力资本投入对地区经济增长具有推动力已成为经济发展在理论和实践上的普遍认识.首次将LMDI分解法引入高等教育经费投入与GDP增长之间的动态关系实证研究,通过构建GDP总量分解模型,深入分析二者之间内在的因果驱动关系.分析结果表明,对我国而言,代表高等教育经济投入总量的活动效应对GDP变动贡献最大,是主要驱动力;代表教育经费在区域问分布的结构效应对GDP变动影响很小;代表单位教育经费驱动效率的效率效应对GDP增长起到了重要促进作用.     

Different Optimization Models for Crack-Free Laser Welding

Conventional laser beam welding of aluminum alloys often leads to hot cracking. This is caused by a complex process where thermo-mechanical and metallurgical aspects are involved; cf. [3], [2]. A possibility to prevent hot crack initiation yields the multi-beam welding technique (cf. [2]), where additional laser beams are led parallelly besides the main laser beam. There by optimal positions, sizes, and powers of the additional laser beams play an important role otherwise hot cracking can even be enhanced. In [1], [4], resp., a mechanical 1D and thermal 2D model of hot cracking was derived. It provides the basis for different formulations of constrained nonlinear programming problems to identify the optimal parameters of the additional laser beams. In the present paper a comparison between these formulations and between two different optimizers for the so far best formulation are presented. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

广西GDP的统计预测模型及其应用

本文利用SPSS统计软件及非参数统计方法(卡方检验和K-S检验法)对广西1950年至2006年共57年的GDP数据进行实证分析.在最佳准则(即AIC准则)下建立了ARIMA(1,2,1)时间序列模型,并利用非参数统计方法对此模型进行了适应性检验,然后利用2001年至2006年的实际值与该模型的预测值进行了比较.最后,本文利用该模型对广西未来五年的GDP进行了预测.     

Linear square optimal control problem for stochastic difference equations with unknown parameters

The problems of stability and optimal control for stochastic difference equations are receiving important attention now (see, for example, [1–3]). In this paper, the optimal control in final form is obtained for optimal control problem of stochastic linear difference equation with unknown parameters and square cost functional. For stochastic functional differential equations, analogous result are obtained in [4].     

Methods of constructing optimal stabilizers

The problem of transforming a linear dynamical system in the neighbourhood of a state of equilibrium [1,2] is solved using the special problem of the damping of the system by controls of minimum intensity after a finite time interval. The possibility of using other problems of optimal control is discussed. The main attention is devoted to constructing algorithms of the operation of a device (a stabilizer) which is able, in real time, to generate a stabilizing control circulating in the closed optimal system when unknown perturbations operate constantly [3, 4]. The proposed method is based on the constructive theory of optimal control [5, 6]. Another form of this theory for solving the problem of stabilization is presented in [7](see also [8]).