胶体颗粒在液-液界面上的吸附行为及界面组装

综述了胶体颗粒在油水界面上的吸附行为及其应用.胶体颗粒在界面上的吸附行为主要受颗粒大小、相互作用力、电性质及润湿性质等因素的影响.本文第一部分主要从作用力出发阐述了胶体颗粒在液-液吸附过程中各种影响因素的理论研究进展;第二部分主要阐述了胶体颗粒在液-液界面上的吸附能够在界面组装、乳液和具有特殊功能的新材料制备等领域中的应用.     

胶体颗粒在液-液界面上的吸附行为及界面组装

综述了胶体颗粒在油水界面上的吸附行为及其应用。胶体颗粒在界面上的吸附行为主要受颗粒大小、相互作用力、电性质及润湿性质等因素的影响。本文第一部分主要从作用力出发阐述了胶体颗粒在液-液吸附过程中各种影响因素的理论研究进展;第二部分主要阐述了胶体颗粒在液-液界面上的吸附能够在界面组装、乳液和具有特殊功能的新材料制备等领域中的应用。     

纳米粒子的界面自组装

近年来,随着纳米技术的发展及Pickering乳液在食品、化妆品、医药等领域中的应用,纳米粒子的界面自组装现象引起了人们的广泛关注。界面能的降低是纳米粒子液液界面自组装的主要驱动力。通过改变纳米粒子的尺寸和表面配体的化学性质,可控制纳米粒子的界面自组装行为。本文综述了不同类型纳米粒子实现界面自组装的研究工作,包括均质纳米粒子、Janus纳米粒子、棒状纳米粒子以及生物纳米粒子。最后,对纳米粒子的界面组装这一领域的可能发展做了展望。     

胶体颗粒稳定的界面及胶体颗粒在界面的相互作用

Particle-stabilized dispersions such as emulsions, foams and bubbles are catching increasing attentions across a number of research areas. The adsorption mechanism and role of these colloidal particles in stabilizing the oil-water or gas-water interfaces and how these particles interact at interfaces are vital to the practical use of these dispersion systems. Although there have been intensive investigations, problems associated with the stabilization mechanisms and particle-particle interactions at interfaces still remain to explore. In this paper, we first systematically review the historical understanding of particle-stabilized emulsions or bubbles and then give an overview of the most important and well-established progress in the understanding of particle-stabilized systems, including emulsions, foams and liquid marbles. The particle-adsorption phenomena have long been realized and been discussed in academic paper for more than one century and a quantitative model was proposed in the early 1980s. The theory can successfully explain the adsorption of solid particles onto interface from energy reduction approaches. The stability of emulsions and foams can be readily correlated to the wettability of the particles towards the two phases. And extensive researches on emulsion stability and various strategies have been developed to prepared dispersion systems with a certain trigger such as pH and temperature. After that, we discuss recent development of the interactions between particles when they are trapped at the interface and highlight open questions in this field. There exists a huge gap between theoretical approaches and experimental results on the interactions of particles adsorbed at interfaces due to demanding experimental devices and skills. In practice, it is customary to use flat surfaces/interfaces as model surfaces to investigate the particle-particle at interfaces although most of the time interfaces are produced with a certain curvature. It is shown that the introduction of particles onto interfaces can generate charges at the interfaces which could possibly account for the long range electrostatic interactions. Finally, we illustrate that particle-stabilized dispersions have been found wide applications in many fields and applications such as microcapsules, food, biomedical carriers, and dry water. One of the most investigated areas is the microencapsulation of actives based on Pickering emulsion templates. The particles adsorbed at the interface can serve as interfacial stabilizers as well as constituting components of shells of colloidal microcapsules. Emulsions stabilized by solid particles derived from natural and bio-related sources are promising platforms to be applied in food related industries. Emulsion systems stabilized by solid particles of the w/w (water-in-water) feature are discussed. This special type of emulsion is attracting increasing attentions due to their all water features. Besides of oil-water interface, particle stabilized air-water interface share similar stabilization mechanism and several applications reported in the literature are subsequently discussed. We hope that this paper can encourage more scientists to engage in the studies of particle-stabilized interfaces and more novel applications can be proposed based on this mechanism     

悬浮液气-液界面二元胶体颗粒的漂浮组装机理

提出一种在悬浮液气-液界面漂浮组装亚微米单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球和纳米SiO2颗粒二元胶粒晶体的新方法, 并系统研究了漂浮组装机理. 研究表明, 聚苯乙烯微球和二氧化硅两种胶体颗粒在悬浮液气-液界面的漂浮组装是以PS微球的组装为主导的. 在一定PS微球相浓度范围内, 悬浮液中PS 微球与SiO2颗粒的初始体积配比基本不影响PS微球有序组装的形成. PS微球粒径在150-500 nm时易于形成有序排列, 较小或较大粒径的PS微球难以形成有序排列. SiO2颗粒的组装是一种以PS微球为“基底”的沉积过程. 二元胶粒晶体中SiO2颗粒的体积分数由其在混合悬浮液中的相浓度所决定.     

基于壳聚糖/透明质酸钠胶体的温敏性Pickering乳液及其在生物催化中的应用

本文以负载脂肪酶的自组装胶体粒子为乳化剂,以十六烷为油相制备Pickering乳液,通过温度调控乳液的稳定性,提高脂肪酶的循环使用性能。首先,在荷正电的壳聚糖(CS)溶液中依次加入脂肪酶(CRL)和荷负电的天然大分子透明质酸钠(HA),利用壳聚糖与透明质酸钠之间的静电作用自组装形成脂肪酶@壳聚糖/透明质酸钠胶体(CRL@CS/HA CPs),将脂肪酶负载于胶体粒子内,提高CRL@CS/HA CPs的稳定性;以相变材料十六烷为油相,在高速均质作用下将CRL@CS/HA CPs组装到十六烷-水界面,构建温敏性Pickering乳液,应用于脂肪酶的界面催化;通过改变温度,诱导油相发生凝固-溶解实现破乳,回收CRL@CS/HA CPs,提高脂肪酶的循环使用性能。     

SiO2胶体颗粒的三维有序自组装

由SiO2胶体颗粒的三维有序自组装可以得到面心立方三维结构,它具有折射率周期性变化的特点。它的制备涉及胶体化学、材料科学等学科的前沿领域。其自组装方法包括胶体颗粒的沉降自组装、胶体颗粒在物体限制下的自组装、胶体颗粒的连续对流自组装和利用胶体颗粒表面电性质的自组装。本文对这些组装方法进行了介绍。     

固-液界面上的吸附膜

利用Gibbs吸附公式处理了硅胶自四氯化碳和环己烷中吸附脂肪醇、环己醇、苯甲醛、苯甲醚、乙酸丙酯的实验结果,得到吸附膜的表面压(π)和分子面积(A)的关系曲线,这些曲线均可用描述不溶物液态扩张膜的Smith方程描述。文中对所得结果给出了初步的解释。     

放射性核素在固-液界面上的吸附：模型及其应用

放射性核素在固-液界面上的吸附行为是其在低浓度下物理化学行为研究的重要内容之一。本文综述了固-液界面吸附研究方面取得的主要进展,总结了放射性核素在固-液界面的吸附动力学、热力学模型,重点讨论了表面配位模型和亚稳态理论在固-液界面吸附行为研究中的应用和发展,较为详细地概括了部分先进光谱技术、理论计算方法和模型模拟手段等在...     

胶体颗粒在聚电解质多层膜表面的可控组装

利用原子力显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了磺化聚苯乙烯胶体颗粒在由聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠层状自组装而成的多层膜表面的组装.该组装受表面性质影响,通过对多层膜的最外层的组装条件或利用盐溶液对多层膜进行后处理可以控制胶体颗粒在膜表面的组装密度.     

PET/PC共混体系的酯交换反应对其高压结晶行为的影响

利用转矩流变仪、DSC、SEM及WAXD等表征手段研究了PET/PC共混体系的酯交换反应对其高压结晶行为的影响.SEM观察表明,PET和PC熔混时的酯交换反应有利于PET/PC体系在高压结晶时生成厚度较大的伸直链晶体,且可以促进其高压下酯交换反应的发生.楔形伸直链晶体和弯曲伸直链晶体的存在证明链滑移扩散和酯交换反应两种机制对体系中聚酯伸直链晶体的增厚有贡献.拟合分峰法和War-ren-Averbach傅里叶分析法的计算结果表明,随PET/PC体系熔混时酯交换反应程度的增加,高压结晶共混物的结晶度降低,PET的平均微晶尺寸增大,点阵畸变平均值则减小,而微晶尺寸分布变宽.提出了在共聚物组分都具备结晶能力时,结晶诱导化学反应和化学反应诱导结晶两种过程在一定条件下可同时发生的观点.     

SnO2水溶胶气-液界面纳米胶粒成膜过程

采用胶体化学法制得稳定的ＳｎＯ２纳米粒子溶胶。在ＬＢ膜槽内，用膜天平考察了溶胶在陈化和均速压缩过程中，气－液界面表面压力的变化。，并用布儒斯特色显微镜，直接观察了陈化过程中界面胶体粒子的片面成膜过程，和均速压缩过程中界面胶体粒子的压缩成膜过程。     

PS胶体粒子表面逐层自组装固定化SOD及其生物活性

通过逐层自组装技术成功地把超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)吸附在聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体粒子表面.zeta电位和TEM证明了聚阳离子或聚阴离子型SOD与相反电荷的聚电解质在PS胶体粒子表面的交替吸附.通过测定SOD被胶体粒子吸附后上清液的生物活性,得到聚阴离子型SOD(pH=8.0)和聚阳离子型SOD(pH=4.3)在PS胶体粒子表面的吸附量分别为12和51IU,相对活性分别为23.4%和2.9%.聚阴离子型SOD在PS胶体粒子表面能形成平滑规整的膜,导致较高的相对活性.研究结果表明,通过调节pH值,可以优化自组装固定化酶的聚集状态和生物活性     

以谷氨酸二乙酯为头基的Bola型两亲分子在气液界面的组装:手性相互作用与膜结构

研究了双头基两亲分子(Bolaamphiphile)N,N′-1,14-十四烷二酸酰-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(L-HDGE)和它的对映异构体D-HDGE在气液界面的组装;考察了HDGE分子的界面组装结构以及头部基团的手性,膜压和离子液体亚相对组装结构的影响.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对组装体的微观结构和组装机理进行了研究.结果表明,HDGE(L-HDGE或D-HDGE)在水亚相上可以组装得到平行排列,宽为50-120nm,高为1-5nm的纳米线.而将L-HDGE与D-HDGE混合组装时,只会得到疏松的薄膜结构.红外光谱表明HDGE分子的异手性相互作用强于同手性作用.在表面压继续上升时,纳米线可以发生一定聚集生成纳米带.亚相为一定浓度的离子液体时,会促进分子的聚集,在膜压的共同影响下,纳米带可以卷曲形成螺旋结构,螺旋的方向取决于头基的分子手性.     

胶体粒子的机械性能调控及其在药物递送中的应用

胶体粒子是肿瘤治疗中最常用的载体, 尽管在过去的研究中不同的胶体粒子已经被广泛报道, 但如何进一步提高胶体粒子的药物递送效率仍然存在着一些挑战. 大量的研究表明胶体粒子的尺寸、形状、结构和表面化学等物理化学性质在药物递送过程中具有重要的作用, 但胶体粒子的机械性能对药物递送过程的影响研究和综述相对较少. 本综述从不同机械性能胶体粒子的制备与表征出发, 概述了胶体粒子的机械性能对血液循环、肿瘤富集、渗透以及细胞内化过程的影响, 并对该领域存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行了展望. 该综述有助于帮助科学工作者更好地理解胶体粒子的机械性能对药物递送的影响规律, 从而优化胶体粒子的设计并提高纳米药物的递送效率和生物利用率.     

Cross‐Linking Density and Temperature Effects on the Self‐Assembly of SiO2—PNIPAAm Core–Shell Particles at Interfaces

SiO₂–PNIPAAm core–shell microgels (PNIPAAm=poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)) with various internal cross‐linking densities and different degrees of polymerization were prepared in order to investigate the effects of stability, packing, and temperature responsiveness at polar–apolar interfaces. The effects were investigated using interfacial tensiometry, and the particles were visualized by cryo‐scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM). The core–shell particles display different interfacial behaviors depending on the polymer shell thickness and degree of internal cross‐linking. A thicker polymer shell and reduced internal cross‐linking density are more favorable for the stabilization and packing of the particles at oil–water (o/w) interfaces. This was shown qualitatively by SFM of deposited, stabilized emulsion droplets and quantitatively by SFM of particles adsorbed onto a hydrophobic planar silicon dioxide surface, which acted as a model interface system. The temperature responsiveness, which also influences particle–interface interactions, was investigated by dynamic temperature protocols with varied heating rates. These measurements not only showed that the particles had an unusual but very regular and reversible interface stabilization behavior, but also made it possible to assess the nonlinear response of PNIPAAm microgels to external thermal stimuli.