分散液液微萃取技术的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种基于传统液液萃取的新型样品前处理技术。该文以分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的筛选为出发点,综述了低密度萃取剂、辅助萃取剂、反萃取剂和离子液体等低毒性萃取剂在该技术中的应用,以及应用自制装置、溶剂去乳化、悬浮萃取剂固化,辅助萃取,反萃取和离子液体-分散液液微萃取等萃取模式;并简要评述了该技术与液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、超临界流体萃取、超声辅助萃取等其他样品前处理技术的联用特性。     

离子液体自分散液-液微萃取测定食品中的柠檬黄与亮蓝

采用离子液体分散液液微萃取法研究了几种离子液体对软饮料、硬糖、果冻3种食品中柠檬黄与亮蓝的萃取作用,发现离子液体[C8MIM][BF4]能高选择性地富集这两种色素,且两者的一阶导数光谱互不干扰。在最佳条件下,柠檬黄和亮蓝的线性范围分别为20～1 000μg·L-1和3～150μg·L-1,检出限分别为6.60μg·L-1和0.84μg·L-1。该方法已成功用于食品中柠檬黄与亮蓝含量的测定且不受食品中杂质的干扰。     

离子液体在萃取分离中的应用研究进展

室温离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂,具有液程宽、几乎不挥发、溶解能力强及结构可调等独特的物理化学性质,近年来逐渐被人们认识了解,它在各个领域的应用也得到了初步的发展.本文重点概述了离子液体在萃取分离金属离子方面的研究进展,并对离子液体萃取分离有机物和生物分子的研究作了简要介绍.引用文献54篇.     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中甲拌磷农药

建立了基于分散液液微萃取(DLLME)的新型样品前处理方法,并采用气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器对水样中痕量的甲拌磷农药进行了测定。考察了影响分散液液微萃取的因素包括萃取溶剂、分散剂、样品体积、萃取温度和离心速度等。在最佳实验条件下,对甲拌磷的富集倍数达到300倍;检出限为0.001μL/L;方法的线性范围为0.01~10μL/L,R2为0.9986;相对标准偏差为6.65%;回收率为104%。将分散液液微萃取法与单滴液相微萃取和离子液体-液相微萃取方法进行了对比,结果表明,分散液液微萃取技术具有操作简单、快捷(前处理时间小于5 min)、富集效果好、回收率高等优点。同时预言,将离子液体与分散液液微萃取结合,将会产生更加满意的结果。     

分散液液微萃取技术及其在生物样品分析中的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种新型微萃取技术,具有易操作、低成本、耗时短、环境友好、萃取效率高等优点。该文着眼于分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的性质及辅助分散方式,综述了常规分散液液微萃取、离子液体分散液液微萃取、超声辅助分散液液微萃取等多种萃取模式,并重点归纳总结了近5年分散液液微萃取技术在生物样品分析领域的应用进展。     

离子液体单滴顶空微萃取系列乙酯的性能及其气相色谱分析

通过改进气相色谱内衬管,避免离子液体进入色谱柱,实现了离子液体单滴微萃取与气相色谱的联用.利用改进装置考察了离子液体[C4MIM][PF6]对乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和苯甲酸乙酯6种乙酯化合物的顶空萃取及气相色谱分析.在优选条件下,即以0.1 μL离子液体在0.36 g/mL NaCl溶液中,以0.1 μL离子液体40 ℃萃取分析物25 min后,气化室解吸1 min,得到富集倍数为3～141, 检出限为0.25～40 μg/L,线性范围约两个数量级,相对标准偏差为3%～8%.本方法装置简单,操作快捷,灵敏度较高,在试样前处理方面有广泛的应用价值.     

分散液液微萃取–高效液相色谱法测定尿液中的阿替洛尔

建立基于离子液体–分散液液微萃取–高效液相色谱法检测尿液中阿替洛尔的新型分析方法.将环境友好的萃取剂离子液体和分散剂乙腈的混合溶液快速注入样品中,瞬间完成高效的萃取过程.在低温条件下,将下层的离子液体固化,实现萃取剂高效地收集,用高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测器进行定量分析.阿替洛尔的质量浓度在0.01～1μg/mL范围...     

一种新型磷酸酯类功能化离子液体的合成及管内循环流液液微萃取钐(Ⅲ)的研究

合成了一种新型磷酸酯类功能化离子液体1-戊基-3-(3-二苯基膦酰基)丙基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺盐,并利用管内循环流液液微萃取技术研究了该离子液体对水溶液样品中Sm(Ⅲ)的萃取性能.优化的水相酸度为pH =8,水样流速1.5 ml·min-,萃取时间20 min,室温饱和吸附容量118 mg·g-1离子液体.Sm(Ⅲ)浓度为0.1～5.0 μg·ml-1范围时,其线性回归方程为Y=-123247 +422900c(μg·ml-1),线性相关系数和最低检测限分别为0.9938和0.0035 μg·ml-1.用2 rnl 0.1 mol·L-1柠檬酸+0.4 mol·L-1甲酸+ 0.4 mol·L-1水合肼洗脱液洗脱10 min,回收率达98％以上,能实现离子液体的回收利用.并推测该萃取过程主要采用的是螯合作用机理.     

离子液体在微萃取技术中的应用

离子液体是在室温或近于室温下呈液态的熔盐体系,由特定阳离子和阴离子构成。与传统的液态物质相比,离子液体几乎没有蒸气压、不易挥发、能溶解许多无机物和有机物。在样品前处理技术中得到了广泛的应用。微萃取技术是一种简便快速、提取效率高、溶剂用量少、环境友好的样品前处理技术。本文综述了离子液体在微萃取技术(液相微萃取和固相微萃取)中的应用。     

离子液体的辐射效应研究进展

离子液体（ILs）具有低挥发性和化学稳定性,在萃取金属离子方面有着优异的表现,被认为是乏燃料后处理中的新一代绿色溶剂. 然而在萃取放射性核素过程中,离子液体将处于强辐射场,因此离子液体辐射效应研究是其实际应用的前提. 本文综述了国内外关于离子液体的辐射效应研究进展,包括辐照对离子液体结构和性质的影响,离子液体的脉冲辐解和激光光解研究,离子液体辐解产物的分析及其对核素萃取的影响等研究进展,并对今后该领域的研究方向进行了展望.     

离子色谱法在离子液体阴阳离子分析中的应用

离子液体作为一种新型绿色环保有机化合物,因具有饱和蒸气压低、溶解性良好以及电导率高等优异性质,而在化学化工领域中得到了较为广泛的应用,并越来越受到人们的关注。该文综述了近年来离子色谱在离子液体阴阳离子分析中的应用,对离子色谱法分析离子液体阳离子、离子液体阴离子以及同时分析离子液体阴阳离子三方面进行讨论,并对离子色谱法分析离子液体的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Extraction of organic compounds with room temperature ionic liquids

Room temperature ionic liquids are novel solvents with a rather specific blend of physical and solution properties that makes them of interest for applications in separation science. They are good solvents for a wide range of compounds in which they behave as polar solvents. Their physical properties of note that distinguish them from conventional organic solvents are a negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and relatively high viscosity. They can form biphasic systems with water or low polarity organic solvents and gases suitable for use in liquid–liquid and gas–liquid partition systems. An analysis of partition coefficients for varied compounds in these systems allows characterization of solvent selectivity using the solvation parameter model, which together with spectroscopic studies of solvent effects on probe substances, results in a detailed picture of solvent behavior. These studies indicate that the solution properties of ionic liquids are similar to those of polar organic solvents. Practical applications of ionic liquids in sample preparation include extractive distillation, aqueous biphasic systems, liquid–liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction, supported liquid membrane extraction, matrix solvents for headspace analysis, and micellar extraction. The specific advantages and limitations of ionic liquids in these studies is discussed with a view to defining future uses and the need not to neglect the identification of new room temperature ionic liquids with physical and solution properties tailored to the needs of specific sample preparation techniques. The defining feature of the special nature of ionic liquids is not their solution or physical properties viewed separately but their unique combinations when taken together compared with traditional organic solvents.     

Microwave plasma torch mass spectrometry for the direct detection of copper and molybdenum ions in aqueous liquids

Microwave plasma torch (MPT) is a simple and low power‐consumption ambient ion source. And the MPT Mass spectra of many metal elements usually exhibit some novel features different from their inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectra, which may be helpful for metal element analysis. Here, we presented the results about the MPT mass spectra of copper and molybdenum elements by a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ). The generated copper or molybdenum contained ions in plasma were characterized further in collision‐induced dissociated (CID) experiments. These researches built a novel, direct and sensitive method for the direct analysis of trace levels of copper and molybdenum in aqueous liquids. Quantitative results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) by using MS² procedure was estimated to be 0.265 µg/l (ppb) for copper and 0.497 µg/l for molybdenum. The linear dynamics ranges cover at least 2 orders of magnitude and the analysis of a single aqueous sample can be completed in 5–6 min with a reasonable semi‐quantitative sense. Two practical aqueous samples, milk and urine, were also analyzed qualitatively with reasonable recovery rates and RSD. These experimental data demonstrated that the MPT MS is able to turn into a promising and hopeful tool in field analysis of copper and molybdenum ions in water and some aqueous media, and can be applied in many fields, such as environmental controlling, hydrogeology, and water quality inspection. Moreover, MPT MS could also be used as the supplement of ICP‐MS for the rapid and in‐situ analysis of metal ions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zinc Borohydride-Ionic Liquid： Stable and Efficient System for Reductive Reaction of Aldehydes with Primary Amines to Corresponding Secondary Amines

Ionic liquids（ILs） are attracting much attention in various fields of chemical synthesis, electrochemical applications, liquid-liquid extractions, as well as biotransformations. Among those fields, the application of ILs as the potential green solvent for a wide variety of synthetic processes is an area of intense researches. High yield, high selectivity, and good catalytic charac-teristics have usually been achieved. After the isolation of products, ILs can usually be recovered and recycled many times by simple treating procedures, such as, filtration, extraction, and dryness.     

Relaxivity of Gd-Based MRI Contrast Agents in Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid as a Model for Tissues

The efficiency of MRI contrast agents depends on the relaxation rate enhancement that they can induce at imaging fields. It is well known that, at these fields, large relaxation rates are obtained by binding of gadolinium(III) ions to large molecules. By the same token, the interaction of the gadolinium(III) complexes with macromolecules that are found in biological tissues can be responsible for an increase of the relaxation rate with respect to the value observed in liquids. We investigate here the relaxation enhancement of gadoteridol (Gd-HP-DO3A) in crosslinked hyaluronic acid, taken as model tissue, using fast field-cycling relaxometry. The analysis of the relaxation profiles as a function of the magnetic fields indicates that a sizable increase in the relaxation rates is due to a modest interaction of the contrast agent with the hydrogel and to the slower mobility of the water molecules outside the first-coordination sphere of the gadolinium(III) ion.     

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of ionic liquids and the analysis of amino acids, peptides and proteins in ionic liquids

Ionic liquids are interesting solvents for a number of applications in chemistry and biotechnology. We characterized five different ionic liquids by laser desorption/ionization (LDI) and by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) and studied the analysis of amino acids, peptides and proteins dissolved in these solvents. Signals of both anions and cations of the ionic liquids could be observed both in LDI- and in MALDI-MS. In the latter case, adduct formation between anions and cations of the analytes was observed. Amino acids, peptides and proteins could be analyzed in ionic liquids after addition of matrix substances. Sodium and potassium adducts were not observed in any analysis involving ionic liquids. Low molecular mass compounds and peptides could be analyzed best in the presence of water-immiscible ionic liquids, whereas proteins gave the best results in water-miscible ionic liquids. Optimal analysis conditions such as molar matrix-to-analyte and ionic liquid-to-matrix ratios were determined. Homogeneity of samples in the presence of ionic liquids was reduced compared with classical MALDI preparations. Relative quantitation of amino acids was possible using isotope-labeled internal standards. MALDI-MS thus can be used for the analysis of chemical reactions and the screening of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in ionic liquids and for the analysis of the biocatalysts dissolved in these solvents. Theoretical aspects of ion formation in the presence of ionic liquids both in LDI and MALDI analysis are discussed.     

Ionic liquid ion sources: characterization of externally wetted emitters

The feasibility of electrostatically extracting and accelerating ions from room temperature ionic liquids in a high vacuum environment is investigated using externally wetted emitters similar to those manufactured for liquid metal ion sources, made out of tungsten wire and electrochemically treated to produce a sharp tip and to increase surface wettability. The ionic liquid EMI-BF4 is used as a prototypical example. The temperature dependence on emission current suggests that liquid flow over the metallic surface is limited by viscosity. Time-of-flight spectrometry indicates that the beam is composed of EMI+ and (EMI-BF4)EMI+ ions in the positive polarity and BF4- and (EMI-BF4)BF4- ions in the negative polarity, and that these ions are emitted with energies very close to their applied potentials. Angular distribution measurements in positive and negative polarities show that ions travel near the propagation axis, diverging by not more than 18 degrees from the centerline. Thanks to the extraordinary variety of ionic liquids it should be possible to generate a correspondingly large number of bipolar nonmetallic ion beams each with unique properties and applicability in fields as diverse as ion lithography, analytical equipment and space propulsion.     

室温离子液体在色谱分离中的应用进展

室温离子液体作为21世纪的新型溶剂,近几年在分析领域应用广泛.本文重点综述了离子液体在气相色谱、液相色谱、毛细管电泳及薄层色谱等方面的应用进展,并对其在色谱分离中的研究进行了展望.     

手性离子液体的合成及其应用

近年来对离子液体的研究已取得了显著进展,并已在许多领域得到了广泛应用。手性离子液体(CILs)作为离子液体家族新成员,引起越来越多的兴趣。本文综述了手性离子液体的合成以及应用,并对以后的研究方向作了展望。