Cyclopropanation of 1,2-dibromoethylphosphonate: a synthesis of β-aminocyclopropylphosphonic acid and derivatives

Diethyl (1,2-dibromoethyl)phosphonate was found to undergo cyclopropanation with nitromethane in good yield. The resulting trans β-nitrocyclopropylphosphonate was converted to the trans N-protected aminocyclopropylphosphonate through a reduction–protection sequence. Subsequent hydrolysis gave the free β-aminocyclopropylphosphonic acid without any formation of ring-opening byproduct. Cyclopropanation of 1,2-dibromoethylphosphonates with nitroalkanes and their reduction are also discussed.     

Cyclopropanation and epoxidation of 2-ylidene derivatives of lupane series

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - Crotone condensation of allobetulone with fluorine-containing benzaldehydes afforded new α,β-unsaturated ketones of lupane series. Their...     

Highly stereoselective epoxidation of O-protected 3-hydroxy-1-nitroalkenes

The diastereoselectivity of the nucleophilic epoxidation of O-protected 3-hydroxy-1-nitroalkenes was investigated. Epoxidation of the O-protected 3-hydroxy-1-nitroalkenes was highly stereoselective, giving rise to the anti isomer. The resulting nitroepoxides have been transformed into nitroaldols through hydrogenation. The nucleophilic epoxidation of nitroalkenes was found to be irreversible. Models to explain the observed stereoselectivities are proposed.     

A short access to highly strained spiranic compounds from ethyl 3-cyclobutylprop-2-enoate

UV irradiation of ethyl 3-cyclobutylpropen-2-oate delivered the β,γ-unsaturated isomer in high yield. Its CC double bond was submitted to epoxidation and cyclopropanation to deliver the corresponding spiro[3.2]hexane derivatives. Alternatively, the same substrate treated by TMS-I or by OsO₄ allowed an easy access to two spiranic butyrolactones.     

铜化合物催化重氮乙酸乙酯环丙烷化反应

研究了以铜化合物催化重氮乙酸乙酯与烯烃的环丙烷化反应,首次计算了反应关键中间体铜-卡宾的环丙烷化选择性P及该中间体的解离常数K,结果表明:1.反应体系中可能存在着铜-卡宾与游离卡宾的平衡;2.P、K与所用的催化剂有关。使用不同的催化剂,温度对反应选择性的影响也不同,对以上结果进行了理论探讨。     

Cyclopropanation of active methylene compounds with β-alkoxycarbonyl vinylsulfonium salts

An efficient synthesis of β-alkoxycarbonyl vinylsulfonium salts had been developed. Their reaction with indene-1,3-diones and other active methylene compounds provided cyclopropane carboxylates in good yields. A tentative reaction mechanism was proposed.     

Catalytic Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of gem-Dihaloalkanes and Terminal Olefins

Chiral cyclopropane derivatives are essential in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. Their synthesis commonly relies on asymmetric cyclopropanation of diazo compounds, potentially explosive and needing stabilizing substituents. Thus, asymmetric catalytic transformations of non-stabilized carbenes or carbenoids remain a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the unprecedented chromium-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of readily available gem-dihaloalkanes and terminal olefins. Distinct from previous approaches, gem-dihaloalkanes serve as suitable precursors for non-stabilized carbenes or carbenoids, furnishing various functionalized chiral cyclopropanes. Mechanistic studies, including radical trapping, non-linear effect, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, provide insights into the catalytic process, featuring radical-polar crossover.     

Cyclopropanation of 5-methylene galactopyranosides by dihalo-, ethoxycarbonyl-, and unsubstituted carbenes

Cyclopropanation reactions of 6-deoxyhex-5-enopyranosides by methylene-zinc-iodide complex, dichlorocarbene, and rhodium ethoxycarbonyl complex addition afford optimum yields of the corresponding spirocyclopropanes. Surprisingly, a stereospecific spirocyclopropane derivative with the two halogens on the upper face of the 4-hydroxy substituent is obtained. To get more insight on the dichlorocarbene cyclopropanation process a computational study, based on DFT quantomechanic calculation was conducted.     

金属对钛硅分子筛TS-1催化丁二烯环氧化性能的影响

制备了不同金属改性的钛硅分子筛样品M-TS-1 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, La, 负载量为1%), 并研究了其催化丁二烯环氧化反应的性能. 结果表明, V, Cr, Mn的加入导致H₂O₂无效分解, 因而在丁二烯环氧化反应中表现出较高的H₂O₂转化率和较低有效利用率; Fe, Co, Ni以及稀土金属La均在一定程度上促进了TS-1对H₂O₂的有效利用; Cu, Zn抑制了H₂O₂的转化, 使得H₂O₂转化率和有效利用率都较低; Cd有效提高了TS-1的催化活性, H₂O₂转化率和有效利用率均接近100%. 采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段表征了上述各金属的改性对TS-1骨架结构以及Ti活性中心周围电子环境的影响. 结果表明, 各M-TS-1样品的骨架结构都仍保持原有的MFI构型, 但是TS-1中Ti活性中心周围的电子环境受到来自各种金属的不同程度影响, 关联催化活性时没有特定的规律性.     

溶剂对丙烯环氧化反应活性的影响

研究了溶剂对钛硅分子筛催化丙烯环氧化反应的影响．研究结果表明，随着溶剂极性增加，活性中间过渡态中的过氧键越易断裂，容易把氧原子传递给丙烯，因此丙烯环氧化反应活性增加．由于TS—1催化剂孔道狭小，产生空间位阻效应，醇溶剂分子越大，活性中间过渡态的形成越困难，反应活性越低．甲醇-丙醇混合溶剂中丙酮含量小于50％时，反应活性与纯甲酵做溶剂相近；混合溶剂中丙酮含量增加到80％时，反应活性略降低；丙酮含量进一步增加，反应活性急剧下降．     

Synthesis and Structure of the First Stannadisiloxanediol: [Me2N(CH2)2]2Sn(OSit‐Bu2OH)2. A Potential Precursor for the Preparation of Multi Component Oxides

The synthesis of [Me₂N(CH₂)₂]₂Sn(OSit‐Bu₂OH)₂ ( 1 ) by the base‐assisted cohydrolysis of [Me₂N(CH₂)₂]₂SnCl₂ and t‐Bu₂SiCl₂ is described. The molecular structure of 1 , determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, features a pentacoordinated tin atom owing to the intramolecular coordination of the nitrogen atom of one 3‐dimethylaminopropyl group, and reveals both intramolecular Si(Sn)O···H‐O and intermolecular N···H‐O hydrogen bonding. Compound 1 is a rare example of a metallasiloxanol and holds potential for the preparation of multi component oxide materials.     

对映选择催化环丙烷化反应中活性铜催化剂组成的测定

对映选择催化环丙烷化反应中活性铜催化剂组成的测定臧二乐，李萍，胡秉方（北京农业大学应用化学系，北京１０００９４）关键词铜络合物，催化机理，环丙烷化手性铜（Ⅱ）络合物已广泛应用于催化环丙烷化反应［１，２］．关于反应中催化活性体的组成，结构及诱导机理却不...     

Diastereoselective sulfur ylide promoted aldol/epoxidation

A mixture of cyclohexanone or 4-methylcyclohexanone and an aromatic aldehyde is treated with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to effect a tandem aldol/epoxidation reaction. The resulting product contains three or four new stereocenters but only one of the possible four or eight diastereomers is formed.     

K3PO4-promoted Cyclopropanation of Electron-deficient Alkenes with 2-Bromo-1,3-propanedione Compounds

An easy and efficient method for the synthesis of multisubstituted cyclopropane derivatives from electron-deficicent alkenes with 2-bromo-1,3-propanedione compounds was described. For this method, ethyl α-cyanocinnamate derivatives 1 and β,β-dicyanostyrene derivatives 4 can all smoothly react with 2-bromo-1,3-propanedione compounds 2 to afford the corresponding multisubstituted cyclopropane derivatives 3 and 5 in good to excellent yields(up to 100%) promoted by anhydrous K₃PO₄ in DMF at room temperature, respectively. A possible mechanism of this reaction was proposed. Structures of all the products were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS.     

Alkene epoxidation with urea-hydrogen peroxide complex and PS-DVB supported phthalic anhydride

A new PS-DVB supported phthalic anhydride and UHP (urea-hydrogen peroxide complex) have been used for metal-free alkene epoxidation reactions. The resin was prepared by MW mediated ‘PEGylation’ of Merrifield resin followed by esterification with trimellitic anhydride chloride. Epoxidation of several alkenes was carried out with this resin and UHP.     

炔丙型硫Ylide环丙烷化反应及其立体选择性

炔丙型硫Ylide与丙烯酸酯的反应是一个多反应竞争的复杂反应, 通常环丙烷化产物收率很低. 本文通过对反应底物的优化, 成功获得了高收率、高选择性的反式环丙烷化产物. 同时利用Gaussian 03程序, 选择密度泛函BHHLYP方法, 6-31G**基组对反应路径及过渡态模型进行了计算, 进而采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法, 选择6-31G**基组, 对顺、反式产物的热稳定性进行了分析, 明确了该反应的高非对映选择性是由过渡态的能量差异和产物的热稳定性两个因素共同决定的, 而过渡态的能量差异可以归于分子内弱的立体电子效应的不同.     

Enantioselective organocatalytic epoxidation using hypervalent iodine reagents

A rare example of a hypervalent iodine reagent participating in a 1,4-heteroconjugate addition reaction is reported for the organocatalytic, asymmetric epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using imidazolidinone catalyst 1. Development of an ‘internal syringe pump’ effect via the slow release of iodosobenzene from an iminoiodinane source provides high levels of reaction efficiency and enantiomeric control in the asymmetric epoxidation of electron-deficient olefins. ¹⁵N NMR studies were conducted to elucidate the reaction pathways that lead to catalyst depletion in the presence of prototypical oxidants. These NMR studies also provided the mechanistic foundation for the application of iminoiodinanes as an internal slow release oxidant to circumvent these catalyst depletion pathways.     

Cyclopropanation of diazoesters with styrene derivatives catalyzed by magnetically recoverable copper-plated iron nanoparticles

Simple bare copper-plated iron nanoparticles catalyzed the cyclopropanation of diazoesters with styrene derivatives. The reaction proceeded smoothly and provided the desired products in moderate to good yields, with selectivity for the trans isomer in neat conditions. The reaction scope was explored and di or tri-substituted cyclopropanes were synthesized. The catalysts could be magnetically separated and reusable up to five times. It was also characterized by TEM, XPS, and ICP-MS. A gram-scale reaction was performed with a yield of 72%.     

Synthesis, physico-chemical studies and solvent-dependent enantioselective epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene catalysed by chiral Ruthenium(II) Schiff base complexes. I

Ruthenium(II) chiral Schiff base complexes 1–10 and their precursor ligands derived from -amino acids viz. -leucine, -histidine with salicylaldehyde, 3-tertiary-butyl-, 3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-, 3,5 dichloro- and 3,5-dinitrosalicylaldehyde are reported. The characterization of the ligands and complexes was accomplished by various appropriate physico-chemical studies, namely, microanalysis, IR-, UV/Vis-, ¹H, ³¹P{¹H} NMR, CD spectroscopy, optical rotation, conductance measurement and cyclic voltammetry. The complexes thus synthesised were used as catalysts for enantioselective epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The effect on enantioselectivity and chemical conversions to epoxide were studied in different solvents viz. acetonitrile, dichloromethane and fluorobenzene along with change of the substituents on ligands and different terminal oxidants. The less polar nature of solvent as well as the donating group attached on the catalysts favours enantioselectivity, while PhIO was the oxidant of choice. The enantiomeric excess of the resulting epoxide was evaluated by chiral cyclodex BDA capillary column.     

Two hydrogen-bond-cross-linked molybdenum (VI) network polymers: synthesis, crystal structures and cyclooctene epoxidation with H2O2

Two molybdenum (VI) hydrogen-bonded network polymers [MoO₂F₄]·(4,4′-H₂bpd)(H₂O)₂ (1) and [MoO₂Cl₃(H₂O)]·(4,4′-H₂bpd)Cl (2) (bpd = bipiperidine) have been synthesized and examined as catalysts for epoxidation of cyclooctene. Complexes of the Mo compounds containing the bpd ligand are prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. They have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structures of both the complexes are shown to be comprised of molybdenum and two protonated N-ligand cations that have resulted in a cross-linked hydrogen-bonded network structure. These complexes are applicable as catalysts for the cis-cyclooctene epoxidation reactions with hydrogen peroxide as a source of oxygen and NaHCO₃ as a cocatalyst. It has been observed that the formation of the oxidant peroxymonocarbonate ion, HCO₄ ⁻ by hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate enhances the epoxidation reaction. Both the complexes have exhibited a good activity and a very high selectivity for the formation of cyclooctene oxide. An erratum to this article can be found at