振动叶栅非定常气动力的数值分析及应用

利用双时间方法结合运动网格求解Navier-Stokes方程，完成了振动叶栅非定常气动力的数值分析。运用流动显示和频谱分析技术，研究了振动叶栅非定常绕流与气动力的特征。根据能量法原理，对振动叶栅的气动弹性稳定性进行了分析。     

DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBINE CASCADE FLOW WITH HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS

低雷诺数流动对高空动力装置, 特别是涡轮部件的性能产生重要的影响. 本文采用具有7阶精度的差分格式, 通过直接求解二维瞬态可压缩Navier-Stokes方程组, 对雷诺数为241 800 (基于叶片弦长)时的叶片表面带有热传导效应的平面涡轮叶栅流动进行了二维直接数值模拟, 对低雷诺数平面涡轮叶栅流动的非定常流动现象作了初步的探索.数值结果表明:在叶栅通道入口处, 流场的非定常性很弱;在叶栅尾缘处, 具有正负涡量的尾涡交替地从压力面和吸力面上脱落;周期性的涡脱落使得叶栅通道内和尾迹区的总压发生(准)周期的变化, 并且, 尾迹区总压变化主频率是通道内总压变化主频率的2倍;在时均流场中, 叶片表面压力的分布与实验值吻合良好, 表征热传导效应的斯坦顿数除湍流区外与实验值基本吻合;尾迹区速度脉动的2阶统计量与圆柱绕流尾迹区速度脉动2阶统计量具有基本相似的分布特征.     

二维扩压叶栅非定常分离流控制途径探索

二维扩压叶栅非定常黏性数值模拟结果表明,在一定攻角范围内,叶片前缘点附近的周期性吹吸气激励能有效控制混乱的非定常分离流．详细研究了非定常激励频率、幅值、位置对流场的影响．满足一定条件的非定常激励能够使流动由无序变为有序,时均气动性能提高。     

热弹耦合圆板非线性振动的研究

对温度场中圆板的非线笥热弹耦合自由振动问题,由非线性振动方程、协调方程及热传导方程出发,动用伽辽金法求解,得出一个关于时间的非线笥常策分方程组。将热弹耦合与非热弹耦合情况进行对比,发现给定初始位移较小时,热弹耦合效应使板的固有频率相对与无热弹耦合情形提高;给定初始位移较大时,热弹耦合２使固有频率降低,该文不还比较了不同热弹参数和边界条件对热弹耦合效应的影响。     

考虑塔梁影响的斜拉索随机激励参数振动分析

为了揭示随机激励下斜拉索参数振动特性,考虑塔、梁协同振动的影响,建立了高斯白噪声激励下斜拉索-桥塔-桥面梁耦合振动微分方程,推导了耦合体系的伊藤状态方程组,采用Milstein-Platen法构造了斜拉索振动时程求解迭代格式,研究了斜拉索振动的时程、统计和频域特性,分析了桥塔侧向扶正作用、激励强度和索塔梁初始位移对拉索振幅产生的影响．结果表明：随机激励下斜拉索振动呈现出双“拍”振现象,“拍”幅值和周期具有随机性;拉索随机位移均值、均方差在振动初期具有长时间的非平稳特性;拉索响应幅值对应的频率和拉索功率峰值对应的频率基本一致,但随机激励下的拉索幅值和功率峰值更大;拉索振动概率密度曲线满足高斯分布和马尔科夫性质;桥塔侧向扶正作用越强,拉索振幅越小;激励强度越小,拉索振幅越小;各结构初始位移越大,拉索振幅越大,且对桥面梁初始位移越敏感．     

复合材料圆锥壳的振动方程及其轴对称振动分析

本文采用 Donnell 型扁壳小变形理论,首先推导出用位移分量表示的无扭转耦合的复合材料叠层圆锥壳的运动方程组,并初步讨论了该方程组的基本性质。针对轴对称振动问题,文中采用了不常用的坐标改写了运动方程组,并以半锥角的正弦值为摄动参数,运用奇异摄动法,得到了正交铺设叠层圆锥壳体的轴对称振型和频率的一阶近似解。最后,以石墨/环氧复合材料为例,用数值计算初步讨论了拉弯耦合项对频率的影响。     

弯扭耦合振动对次同步谐振响应的影响

建立了考虑弯扭耦合作用时 ,大型气轮发电机组转子轴系与电网耦合次同步谐振 ( SSR)的 1 9维非线性模型。运用数值方法 ,确定系统平衡位置稳定性的转变点 ,着重分析了在不同偏心条件下 ,弯曲振动与扭转振动之间的相互影响 ,同时给出了轴系弯曲刚度对系统稳定性的影响 ,证明在正常情况下 ,由偏心引起的弯扭耦合作用是非常弱的 ,可以不予考虑     

管道流固耦合振动的行波方法研究

应用波动方法分析载流管道流固耦合振动问题。采用直梁模型，推导了管道流固耦合系统的轴向、横向波导方程及平面管系的坐标转换矩阵，通过节点位移连续和力平衡条件建立了耦合系统的散射模型。最终分析了两种耦合对载流管道振动的影响机理及流速变化对管道振动稳定性的影响。数值算例表明本文方法的正确性及有效性。     

二维振荡机翼含激波跨声速非定常势流的变分原理

本文研究任意二维机翼作任意周期振荡时的跨声速非定常绕流问题,为之建立了相应的变分原理。文中力图充分发挥‘变域变分’和‘自然界面条件’这两个有力工具的作用,把振荡激波和自由尾涡面上的间断条件(例如Rankine-Hugoniot激波条件)也都转化成了自然界面条件,以有利于数值处理,并兼顾了翼面吸(喷)气的作用。本文旨在为将有限元法及其它变分直接解法引进非定常跨声速流动领域提供一个较完密的理论基础,并可进一步推广到三维机翼、二维及三维旋转叶栅的同类气动问题中去。     

风场中长单索结构流固耦合效应的动力学分析

本文介绍了长单索结构的风致振动现象及传统单索动力计算方法,分析了进行流固耦合计算的必要性.详细阐述了流固耦合的基本理论和方法,并介绍了有限元软件ANSYS的流固耦合计算流程.根据两种工况下的流固耦合算例分析,给出了长单索结构跨中节点的位移、应力以及索表面风压等物理量的时程曲线,通过对不同工况以及不同流场模型的模拟和分析比较,探讨了基于流固耦合分析的长单索结构风致振动响应的特点,对长单索结构的风致振动分析和设计具有参考意义.     

二维振荡叶栅非定常粘性流动数值模拟

采用显式四步Runge-Kutta格式，结合Baldwon-Lomax紊流模型求解Navier-Stokes方程，借助运动网格技术，完成了对二维振荡叶栅非定常粘性流动的数值模拟。为了加速求解过程，引入了变系数隐式残差光顺方法，取得了较好效果。数值结果与已公布的数据有很好的一致性。     

结构振动对湍流近尾迹的影响

研究了圆柱绕流中流体与结构的相互作用,侧重结构振动对湍流尾迹的影响,用激光测振仪测量圆柱在升力方向的位移;用热线和LDA（二维）测量湍流的近尾迹,通过变化自由流的速度和圆柱体直径（特征尺寸）来变化雷诺数,用两个振动特性不同的（一个相对刚性,一个相对弹）圆柱来产生尾迹,研究固体结构振动对湍流近尾迹的平均速度场和湍流场的影响,结果表明,结构自由振动对湍流近尾迹场影响明显,该影响随雷诺数的变化不明显。     

Flow and coupled heat transfer in the cavity between the rotor and stator

The turbulent flow and coupled heat transfer in the cavity between the rotor and stator is numerically simulated. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed with equations of the k-ɛ turbulence model are used to calculate the viscous compressible gas flow characteristics and heat transfer; the unsteady heat conduction equation is used to calculate the temperature field in the metal. The influence of the mass flow rate of the coolant on the flow structure and efficiency of cooling of the rotor and stator walls is studied. The calculated results are compared with experimental data.     

A harmonic balance technique for the reduced-order computation of vortex-induced vibration

We present a harmonic balance (HB) method to model frequency lock-in effect during vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of elastically mounted circular cylinder and a flexible riser section in a freestream uniform flow. The fluid flow and structure are coupled by a fixed-point iteration process through a frequency updating algorithm. By minimizing the structural residual in the standard least-square norm, the convergence of HB-based fixed-point algorithm is achieved for a range of reduced velocity. To begin with, the HB solver is first assessed for a periodic unsteady flow around a stationary circular cylinder. A freely vibrating circular cylinder is then adopted for the reduced-order computation of VIV at low Reynolds numbers of Re=100 and 180 with one- and two-degrees-of-freedom. The coupled VIV dynamics and the frequency lock-in phenomenon are accurately captured. The results show that the HB solver is able to predict the amplitude of vibration, frequency and forces comparable to its time domain counterpart, while providing a significant reduction with regard to overall computational cost. The proposed new scheme is then demonstrated for a fully-coupled three dimensional (3D) analysis of a linear-elastic riser section undergoing vortex-induced vibration in the lock-in range. The results reveal the 3D effects through isosurfaces of streamwise vorticity blobs distributed over the span of flexible riser section. In comparison to time domain results, the 3D flow-structure interactions are accurately predicted while providing a similar speed up rate that of 2D simulations. This further corroborates that the HB solver can be extended to 3D flow-structure dynamics without compromising efficiency and accuracy.     

Direct numerical simulation of the laminar-turbulent transition in a thick spherical layer

The results of a numerical study of the laminar-turbulent transition in unsteady isothermal three-dimensional flows of viscous incompressible fluid in a thick spherical layer between counter-rotating spherical boundaries are presented. The calculations are performed for the governing parameters corresponding to the experimental data [1, 2]. The numerical investigations include both solving the complete system of Navier-Stokes equations and analyzing the linear stability of steady-state axisymmetric flows with respect to three-dimensional disturbances. A stochastic flow regime is calculated for the first time. The limits of existence of different flow regimes and the hysteresis regions are found. The spatial flow patterns and frequency characteristics are obtained, which makes it possible to extend and refine the existing experimental data.     

Structure of Averaged Flow Driven by a Vibrating Body with a Large-Curvature Edge

The averaged viscous incompressible fluid flow driven by a vibrating body with a large-curvature edge is investigated experimentally and numerically. The case of an axisymmetric body immersed in fluid and performing translational vibrations along its axis is considered. Experiments carried out on fluids of various viscosity over a wide vibration frequency and amplitude range and direct numerical calculations based on the complete time-dependent equations of viscous fluid dynamics show that the global structure of the averaged flow significantly depends on the relation between the curvature radius of the body edge and the viscous skin-layer thickness. Different averaged flow regimes are detected and the flow restructuring process is investigated as a function of the vibration amplitude and frequency.     

非稳态流动的隐式最小二乘等几何方法

对非稳态粘性不可压流动问题提出了一种隐式最小二乘等几何计算方法。该方法先用隐式的向后多步差分格式对Navier-Stokes方程进行时间离散,再用Newton法线性化对流项,最后在每个时间步上用最小二乘等几何方法进行求解。根据该算法编制了计算程序,通过构造解析解的方法验证了程序的正确性,用该程序求解了雷诺数为5000时的非稳态二维顶盖驱动流问题,计算结果捕捉到了流动过程中涡的演化过程,表明本文方法可用于非稳态流动的求解。     

Study of modeling unsteady blade row interaction in a transonic compressor stage part 1: code development and deterministic correlation analysis

The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for accounting for the unsteady blade row interaction through multistage compressors in steady state environment by introducing deterministic correlations (DC) that need to be modeled to close the equation system.The primary purpose of this study is to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES.In Part 1 of this two-part paper,firstly a 3D viscous unsteady and time-averaging flow CFD solver is developed to investigate the APES technique.Then steady and unsteady simulations are conducted in a transonic compressor stage.The results from both simulations are compared to highlight the significance of the unsteady interactions.Furthermore,the distribution characteristics of DC are studied and the DC at the rotor/stator interface are compared with their spatial correlations (SC).Lastly,steady and time-averaging (employing APES with DC) simulations for the downstream stator alone are conducted employing DC derived from the unsteady results.The results from steady and time-averaging simulations are compared with the time-averaged unsteady results.The comparisons demonstrate that the simulation employing APES with DC can reproduce the time-averaged field and the 3D viscous time-averaging flow solver is validated.     

基于PIV测量的超声波流量计内流场特性研究

采用PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)测量手段,考察了小口径超声波流量计的流动特性。首先针对前端安装直管段时,不同流量条件下的流场特性建立基本认识,实验结果表明,在低流量条件下,流量计内流场存在明显的不稳定演变和非定常流动特征。进一步以上游前端安装球阀为典型案例,考察了安装条件对超声波流量计响应特性和测量偏差的影响。结合直管段的实验观测结果,发现此种结构超声波流量计的适应性与其流场非定常性的关系具有很好的一致性,即流场结构稳定则适应性强。此外,综合多参数的实验结果表明,雷诺数是判断小口径超声波流量计测量准确性的重要无量纲参数。