Ag-TiO_2/KIT-6复合纳米光催化剂的研究

以有序介孔SiO2(简称KIT-6)为载体,采用钛酸丁酯水解法将纳米TiO2与KIT-6复合,并通过沉积沉淀法将纳米Ag粒子负载于其上,首次制得Ag-TiO2/KIT-6复合光催化剂,并采用相同的方法制备了一系列相关的催化剂.以光催化降解甲基橙来评价其催化性能,光催化活性顺序为Ag-TiO2/KIT-6＞Ag/TiO2＞TiO2/KIT-6＞TiO2＞Ag/KIT-6.利用XRD、N2物理吸附、XPS、UV-Vis DRS和TEM对系列催化剂进行表征,结果表明Ag-TiO2之间形成的异质结和催化剂的大比表面积是Ag-TiO2/KIT-6具有最高光催化活性的重要原因.其中Ag-TiO2之间的异质结结构,有效抑制了光生电子和光生空穴在TiO2表面和体相内部的复合,提高了光催化活性;此外Ag-TiO2/KIT-6的大比表面积大大提高了催化剂的吸附能力,增加了催化剂与污染物的接触,达到快速光催化降解污染物的目的.     

Bi2S3/BiOCl复合光催化剂的水热合成及其高活性

采用一种简便的水热法在433 K的温度下成功合成了具有不同Bi2S3质量分数的Bi2S3/BiOCl复合光催化剂,利用各种技术对其进行了表征.在紫外光照射下,以甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,评价了Bi2S3/BiOCl复合光催化剂的活性.研究结果表明:与纯Bi2S3和纯BiOCl相比,Bi2S3/BiOCl样品明显具有更高的光催化性能,尤其当Bi2S3在Bi2SJBiOCl中的质量分数为26.5％时,Bi2 SJBiOCl复合催化剂的光催化活性与商业P25(TiO2)的活性非常接近,而这种商业P25在紫外光照射下是公认的高效光催化剂.这种明显提高的光催化活性主要归功于光生电子和空穴在Bi2S3和BiOCl形成异质结界面上的有效转移,降低了电子-空穴对的复合.     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of One-dimensional ZnO-Zn2SnO4 Mixed Oxide Nanowires

采用简单的热蒸发方法得到具有不同尺寸的混合ZnO-Zn2SnO4 (ZnO-ZTO)纳米线,并对纳米线进行结构和成分分析,试验还以甲基橙溶液为处理对象考察了ZnO-ZTO纳米线的光催化活性.结果表明ZnO-ZTO 混合纳米线的光催化性较纯ZnO、纯Zn2SnO4纳米线有较大提高; 光催化剂浓度对光降解效率有很大影响, 与纯ZnO、纯Zn2SnO4纳米线相比,少量的ZnO-ZTO纳米线即达到较高的光催化效率;并且光催化活性随着纳米线直径的减小而增加. 实验表明异质结的存在能够加快电子空穴的分离,提高光催化活     

二维光催化材料的电子结构调控与应用研究进展(特邀)

首先综述了基于二维光催化剂的电子结构调控方式,包括厚度调节、元素掺杂、缺陷工程和异质结的设计等.其次,由于半导体异质结在减少光生电子空穴复合速度方面具有独特的优势,着重介绍了由二维材料与其它不同维数的半导体界面组成的异质结的研究进展.最后介绍了新型二维光催化材料在析氢、CO2还原、固氮和污染物降解等方面的应用.总结文献...     

一种新型Ag_3PO_4/Ag/Ag_2Mo_2O_7纳米线光催化剂:三元纳米复合物的光催化活性（英文）

首次利用原位共沉淀技术成功制备Ag_3PO_4/Ag/Ag_2Mo_2O_7复合光催化剂.所制备Ag_3PO_4/Ag/Ag_2Mo_2O_7纳米复合物由Ag_3PO_4和Ag纳米粒子组装在Ag_2Mo_2O_7纳米线表面.可见光照射下(λ420nm),Ag_3PO_4/Ag/Ag_2Mo_2O_7复合物表现出优异的光催化性能,其光催化活性较Ag_3PO_4、Ag_2Mo_2O_7及Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2Mo_2O_7样品有较大提高.结果表明,Ag_3PO_4/Ag/Ag_2Mo_2O_7光催化性能提高的原因是Ag_3PO_4/Ag负载使催化剂比表面积的增加、可见光吸收范围增大,同时由于生成Ag_3PO_4/Ag/Ag_2Mo_2O_7三元异质结构有效抑制了光生电子空穴对的复合.     

Pt／TiO2粉末的结构和性能

TiO2半导体光催化技术是一种新型的环境污染物净化技术。传统的TiO2光催化剂太阳能利用率和光量子利用率低，限制了光催化技术的工业化应用。因此缩短催化剂的禁带宽度使吸收光谱向可见光谱扩展和抑制TiO2光生电子与空穴的复合是提高太阳能利用率的技术关键。掺杂可在半导体表面引入缺陷位置或改变结晶度，影响电子与空穴的复合或拓展光的吸收波段，从而影响TiO2的光催化活性。由于金属元素掺杂TiO2的催化活性强烈地依赖于TiO2的价态、结构以及金属元素与TiO2之间的细微作用，文中采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米Pt/TiO2粉末，     

Bi2S3/BiOCl复合光催化剂的水热合成及其高活性

采用一种简便的水热法在433 K的温度下成功合成了具有不同Bi₂S₃质量分数的Bi₂S₃/BiOCl复合光催化剂,利用各种技术对其进行了表征.在紫外光照射下,以甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,评价了Bi₂S₃/BiOCl复合光催化剂的活性.研究结果表明:与纯Bi₂S₃和纯BiOCl相比,Bi₂S₃/BiOCl样品明显具有更高的光催化性能,尤其当Bi₂S₃在Bi₂S₃/BiOCl中的质量分数为26.5%时,Bi₂S₃/BiOCl复合催化剂的光催化活性与商业P25(TiO₂)的活性非常接近,而这种商业P25在紫外光照射下是公认的高效光催化剂.这种明显提高的光催化活性主要归功于光生电子和空穴在Bi₂S₃和BiOCl形成异质结界面上的有效转移,降低了电子-空穴对的复合.     

三元异质结构Ag-Bi2MoO6/BiPO4光催化剂高效降解苯酚红

多组分复合体系有利于电荷的有效分离,减少电子空穴对的复合几率。通过低温液相法首次合成Ag-Bi₂MoO₆/BiPO₄三元异质结构光催化剂。利用XRD、SEM、EDX及XPS等技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,Ag纳米粒子光照积累在Bi₂MoO₆/BiPO₄的表面,通过表面等离子共振增加对可见光的吸收,同时作为电子受体促进了光生电子的转移。Ag、BiPO₄和Bi₂MoO₆形成三元异质结构有效地抑制了光生电子空穴对的复合。Ag-Bi₂MoO₆/BiPO₄表现出优异的光催化性能,其光催化活性较BiPO₄、Bi₂MoO₆和Bi₂MoO₆/BiPO₄样品有较大提高。并且对Ag-Bi₂MoO₆/BiPO₄三元异质结构的光催化机制进行了讨论。光催化过程中反应活性物种捕获实验结果表明h⁺和O₂^·-是主要的活性基团.     

水热法制备In2O3/ZnO异质结及其高的光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法合成了不同In₂O₃质量比的In₂O₃/ZnO异质结复合材料．通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征．同时还使用UV-vis分光光度计测试了异质结降解罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化活性．实验结果表明,与纯ZnO和In₂O₃相比,In₂O₃的引入将ZnO的吸收光谱扩展到可见光区域,从而提高了其光生电子和空穴的分离．此外,In₂O₃/ZnO异质结在可见光照射对RhB具有较高的光催化活性．5 wt%-In₂O₃/ZnO异质结对RhB的降解率为84.3%,且具有良好的光催化稳定性．In₂O₃/ZnO异质结复合材料在有机染料废水的降解中有更广阔的应用前景．     

卤氧化铋与半导体光催化剂偶合研究新进展

两种半导体耦合能够形成异质结而使系统的电荷分离效率得到提高,扩展对光谱吸收范围,以便提高其光催化性能。半导体耦合在制备过程中容易受到制备方法、反应温度等影响,引起耦合半导体晶体结构和表面性质发生变化,从而使得其光催化量子效率增大。主要从以下三个方面进行了论述,(1) 卤氧化铋-氧化物偶合体系, 将半导体材料与BiOX进行复合,能够形成高效异质结型结构能提高光催化降解污染物光催化性能; (2)AgX-BiOX偶合体系, 与纯净的AgI或BiOI相比,复合光催化材料AgI/BiOI在可见光下具有更高的光催化反应活性。(3)卤氧化铋与其它化合物偶合体系,Bi₂S₃与BiOX进行偶合后,光生电子在两种催化剂中进行迁移,提高了电子与空穴分离效率,因而偶合物的光催化性能得到提高。另外,本文综述了近年来国内外半导体耦合制备方法、影响其光催化性能的因素、提高可见光利用效率的最新研究进展,并提出在半导体耦合研究中所要解决的主要问题及今后努力方向。     

PbMoO4微晶的水热合成及光催化性能

以钼酸铵、硝酸铅为原料,采用水热法合成了纳米PbMoO₄光催化剂,并采用光还原处理对其进行表面载Ag修饰。借助X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）等测试手段对样品进行表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物,考察了纳米PbMoO₄光催化剂的催化活性,研究了样品的制备条件和表面载银对催化剂活性的影响。XRD分析结果表明,所得样品为四方晶系结构,且产物纯度高;样品的形貌分析和光催化活性实验结果表明,水热体系的pH值对产物的形貌和活性影响显著,且表面载银可显著提高催化剂的可见光催化活性。     

Ag负载WO3/TiO2光催化剂的合成及其催化性能

以钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、钨酸铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了WO3/TiO2复合光催化剂;采用光还原技术制备了Ag负载WO3/TiO2光催化剂,借助X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和UV-Vis光谱等技术对样品的组成和光吸收性能进行了表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物考察样品的光催化活性。XRD分析表明,所得粉体均为锐钛矿型纳米TiO2,且与WO3复合后,纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;UV-Vis光谱分析表明,载银使得催化剂在400—700nm的可见光区域对光响应,且在紫外光区吸收显著增强,对光具有更高的利用率;以罗丹明B为降解物的光催化实验表明,WO3复合对纳米TiO2光催化活性有显著的影响,而载Ag后其光催化活性进一步提高,将该光催化剂用于炼油厂废水的处理,效果较好。     

Largely improved photocatalytic properties of Ag/tetrapod-like ZnO nanocompounds prepared with different PEG contents

Ag/tetrapod-like ZnO whisker (T-ZnOw) nanocompounds were successfully synthesized using photodeposition method. Remarkable improvements in photocatalytic property for all the nanocompounds are observed, while the extents of the improvements increase with increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG) contents. Various tests were carried out to determine the mechanism for the greatly improved photocatalytic property. And it is found that PEG can reduce Ag⁺ into Ag under UV irradiation, which can be subsequently deposited on the surface of T-ZnOw as nanoparticles. The conclusion that the heterostructure of Ag/T-ZnOw nanocompound contributes to its greatly enhanced photocatalytic property is proposed and later validated by carefully discussing the photocatalytic mechanism.     

Flowerlike PtCl4/Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity

Flowerlike PtCl₄/Bi₂WO₆ composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through a simple two-step method involving a template-free hydrothermal process and the following impregnation treatment. The samples were fully characterized by the study of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The results indicated that the doping of Pt species did not affect the crystal structure and the morphology of Bi₂WO₆ photocatalyst, but it had great influences on the photocatalytic activity of Bi₂WO₆ towards rhodamine-B (RhB) degradation. Besides, the Pt species was found to be present as PtCl₄ in the composite samples, and also an optimal Pt species content on the surface of Bi₂WO₆ photocatalyst was discovered with the highest photocatalytic ability. The improved photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the enhanced interfacial charge transfer and the inhibited recombination of electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, a possible mechanism for RhB photocatalytic degradation over PtCl₄/Bi₂WO₆ catalyst was also proposed.     

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with Ag nanoparticles on the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with Ag nanoparticles (Ag/MWNTs) were prepared by two methods (direct photoreduction and thermal decomposition). The photocatalytic activity of Ag/MWNTs for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation was investigated in detail. The adsorption and photocatalytic activity tests indicated that the MWNTs served as both an adsorbent and a visible light photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of MWNTs was remarkably enhanced when the Ag nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of MWNTs. Moreover, the visible light photocatalytic activity of Ag/MWNTs depended on the synthetic route. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible visible light photocatalytic degradation mechanism was discussed.     

Tailoring titanium dioxide by silver particles for photocatalysis

Titanium dioxide-silver (TiO₂–Ag) composites are synthesized by using the hydrothermal method with different weight ratios for photocatalyst applications. With the introduction of Ag, the composites exhibited absorbance in visible region, and the bandgap also decreased by 0.45 eV. The TiO₂–Ag composite with 5:7 ratio shows the best photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, the highest photocurrent response, and the lowest electrochemical impedance, thus exhibiting the best photocatalytic performance. The introduction of Ag into TiO₂ retards the recombination time of the photo-generated electrons and holes as well as increases the charge transfer rate at interfaces of the composites.     

一种简单的方法制备SERS基底用于染料分子的富集、降解与检测

用一种简单的方法制备银纳米粒子, 研究了此纳米粒子作为SERS基底、吸附剂和光催化剂的多功能性。在光照条件下研究其对染料分子的光催化性能, 用紫外光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱对整个光催化过程进行动态跟踪检测, 实验结果表明染料分子光照条件下确实被催化降解了。本实验不仅合成了多功能的基底材料, 还赋予了表面增强拉曼光谱新的应用价值, 为光催化实验提供了新的动态跟踪检测方法。     

Synthesis,characterization and excellent photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgBr/MoO3 composite photocatalyst

A novel composite photocatalyst Ag/AgBr/MoO₃ was successfully synthesized via a simple precipitation method at room temperature. The obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in detail. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) solution under visible-light irradiation. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgBr/MoO₃ composite significantly enhanced and the degradation ratio of RhB reached 97.7 % after 15 min only. The excellent photocatalytic activity might be closely related to the large surface area, porosity structure and efficient separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.     

Shape evolution, photoluminescence and degradation properties of novel Cu2O micro/nanostructures

Three kinds of novel cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) micro/nanostructures are synthesized via a facile template-free hydrothermal method. Two factors are critical for the growth process of typical samples: the concentration of copper ions (Cu(II)) and the addition of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactant. It is found that the application of ethanol as solvent speeds up the reduction rate of Cu(II), and it promotes the aggregating of Cu₂O nanocrystals at the preliminary stage to form irregular spherical structures. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of the three kinds of samples and their photocatalytic activities for degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) are also measured. The sample with higher concentration of copper vacancy (V _Cu) defects has better photocatalytic ability, indicating that besides the morphology of Cu₂O nano/microcrystals, the defects in crystalline structures can also influence their electrical characteristics, and thus change their photocatalytic activity. This provides a potential method to improve the photocatalytic performances of Cu₂O crystals.