基于一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氧气分子吸附为探针的碳化钼、碳化钨、氮化钼和氮化钨的表面化学性质:密度泛函理论分析（英文）

作为具有吸引力的电极材料,过渡金属碳化物与氮化物被应用在许多电化学储能及能量转换领域.本工作中,通过密度泛函理论计算,以及一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO_2)和氧气(O_2)分子的吸附来表征钼和钨的碳化物及氮化物,如碳化钼(Mo_2C)、碳化钨(W2C)、氮化钼(Mo_2N)和氮化钨(Mo_2C)的表面化学性质.这些探针分子可为研究钼和钨的碳化物及氮化物表面在酸性/碱性的氧化还原性质提供衡量方法.计算结果表明,CO_2分子的吸附发生在路易斯碱位,其碱性降低顺序为α-W_2C(001)α-W_2N(001)β-Mo_2C(001)γ-Mo_2N(100).此外,CO和O_2分子吸附可用于评估上述碳化物及氮化物的还原能力,其还原性减小顺序为β-W_2C(100)α-Mo_2C(100)α-W_2N(001)α-W_2C(001)β-Mo_2C(001)γ-Mo_2N(100).由于还原本性,使得上述这些碳化物和氮化物成为在各种催化反应中有可能取代贵金属的良好候选材料.     

CO分子在TiC(001)表面上的吸附构型与电子结构

采用第一性原理方法和平板模型对CO分子在TiC(001)表面的吸附构型和电子结构进行了详细研究. 结果表明, CO分子倾向于采用C端吸附在表层Ti原子上方. 对于该吸附方式, 计算得到的吸附能、CO各电子态所处能级位置以及C—O键伸缩振动频率的红移值均与实验观测结果相吻合. 由能带结构和Mvlliken布居分析结果可知, 当采用C端吸附时, CO的5σ和2π鄢态受到底物影响最为显著, 尤其是C端的桥位吸附方式. 此外, 还进一步对底物表面态在CO吸附过程中的作用进行了探讨.     

TiC固体的相稳定性和高压相变的密度泛函研究

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函方法对TiC固体的NaCl,WC和CsCl三种相的电子结构进行了研究,结果表明,在零压力下相稳定次序为NaCl>WC>CsCl,该顺序可用费米能级附近电子态的大小加以解释,当增加外压力时,随着单胞体积的减小,CsCl相逐渐成为稳定相,在外压约为475.9GPa时,NaCl相将向CsCl相转变,而CsCl相转变为WC相要求的外压较高.此外,还进一步探讨了压力对三种相的能带结构、化学键以及电荷密度的影响.     

难熔固体MX(M=Sc,Ti,V;X=C,N,O)电子结构和力学性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函方法对MX(M=Sc,Ti,V;X=C,N,O)固体的体相电子结构和力学性质进行了系统研究.计算结果表明,对于金属原子相同的同一系列化合物,氮化物具有最大的体模量;进一步的研究可知,随着外界压力的增大,化合物由NaCl构型向CsCl构型转变由易到难的顺序依次是氧化物、氮化物和碳化物.本文还首次用密度泛函方法系统地计算了各化合物的能带结构和态密度,并对该类型化合物的导电性能进行了探讨.     

基于密度泛函理论的高覆盖氧吸附焦炭氧化机理研究

碳资源在能源、材料及化工等领域的清洁高效利用日益重要,而焦炭氧化特别是脱附产生CO₂/CO的机理研究并不充分。其中较高焦炭表面氧覆盖率相应于较低温度或较高压力的反应条件,对此,本研究基于第一性原理研究讨论了该情况下焦炭Zigzag结构碳环簇氧化脱附过程的反应路径。计算表明,表面吸附氧热解生成CO₂过程需要经过重排形成含O-C-O团簇的结构,最终至CO₂完成脱附需多个中间反应步,与对比文献中形成碳氧六元环再依次断掉两个C-O键而脱附CO₂不同,本研究得到了相关的两种路径,分别为形成CO₂-C-官能团再断掉C-C而脱附CO₂以及基于碳氧六元环结构直接断裂两个C-O键而脱附CO₂的可能反应路径。另外,研究了CO脱附过程的不同反应路径。模型计算结果与相关文献理论和实验结果具有良好的符合。     

基于密度泛函理论计算的CO2在SrTiO3(100)表面的吸附

通过密度泛函理论的第一性原理,模拟了CO2分子在SrTiO3(100)表面TiO2-和SrO-位点上的吸附行为,获得了CO2在几种不同吸附模型下的结构参数及表面吸附能,进而研究了吸附机理和结构稳定性.计算结果表明,当CO2的C原子吸附在SrTiO3(100)表面SrO-及TiO2-位点的氧原子上时,吸附结构较稳定,尤其是C、O原子共吸附在TiO2-位点时最稳定,而其余吸附模型则不稳定.对吸附稳定模型的Mulliken布局数及态密度分析显示:CO2分子在SrTiO3(100)表面吸附主要是由于SrTiO3(100)面的电子跃迁至CO2分子,CO2分子得到电子形成弯曲的CO2-阴离子结构,并伴随着C-O键的伸长,从而达到吸附活化CO2的目的.     

钼、钨四重键化合物电子光谱的含时密度泛函理论研究

运用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT),对具有代表性的钼、钨四重键化合物M2Cl4-8,M2Cl4(PMe3)4,M2(O2CCH3)4和M2(PhNCHNPh)4(M=Mo,W)的低占据电子激发能进行了计算,系统地考察了局域(LDA)、离域(GGA)和杂化(Hybrid)泛函对金属四重键化合物中d-d跃迁和电荷转移跃迁...     

β-二酮亚胺钛化合物催化乙烯和环戊二烯共聚合反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论（DFT）对β-二酮亚胺钛化合物[PhNC（CH3）CHC（CF3）O]2TiCl2催化乙烯（E）和环戊二烯（CPD）共聚合反应的反应机理进行了理论研究.计算结果表明：乙烯和CPD的共聚反应中,CPD插入反应可以通过1,2插入和2,1插入两种路径进行,1,2插入能垒略低于2,1插入,因此我们预测两种路径...     

NbC固体表面能带和电子结构的理论研究

采用DFT/BLYP方法对NbC(001)和(111)面的电子结构进行研究。计算结果表明,对于NbC(001)表面,其表面态主要集中于费米能级(EF)下方约4.5eV附近区域,并以表面Nb原子和C原子为主要成分。O2分子在该表面吸附时,趋向于吸附在表面Nb原子上。对于NbC(111)表面,其表面态集中在EF下方0.02.0eV区域,靠近EF的态具有较高的表面活性,其主要成分为表面Nb原子的4dxz/dyz成分。上述结论与光电子能谱实验结果基本一致;但由于金属原子d电子数的差异导致NbC(111)表面态成分与类似的TiC化合物并不相同。     

SO2-4/SiO2表面酸性的红外光谱和密度泛函理论研究

对介孔SiO2及硫酸根促进的SiO2样品进行了原位吡啶吸附红外光谱测试,分别建立了硫酸根促进前后的SiO2表面原子簇模型,用密度泛函理论对其吡啶吸附行为进行了计算,分析了SO2-4/SiO2表面酸性产生的机理. 实验和计算结果表明, SO2-4/SiO2表面不存在Lewis酸中心,原位红外谱图中表征Lewis酸性的特征峰对应于氢键吸附吡啶的环振动,这种氢键作用因SiO2表面的硫酸根促进而得到加强. HSO-4螯合结构为SO2-4/SiO2表面Br(φ)nsted酸中心,其酸强度强于表面磺酸基团修饰的介孔SiO2材料SO3H-MSU, 而弱于HZSM-5. SO2-4/SiO2的酸催化活性源于其表面的Br(φ)nsted酸性.     

CO在SnO2(110)面吸附特性的密度泛函研究

根据密度泛函理论, 采用广义密度近似和总体能量平面波赝势方法, 以6层Slab周期结构为模型, 计算了CO以4种不同方式在SnO2(110)表面的吸附, 研究了CO吸附对表面特性的影响. 计算结果表明, CO以C端向下在低配位Sn5C位置的顶位吸附为稳定的吸附方式, 该吸附对表面的驰豫现象有所改善. CO吸附并未明显改变表面电子态密度分布, 但造成了费米能1.06 eV的升高. 吸附后CO分子向表面转移了0.07个电子, 使表面电阻下降. 理论计算的结果支持了气体传感器气敏机理中的表面电导模型.     

Adsorption of H2O,OH, and O on CuCl(111) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study

The adsorption of H2O molecule and its dissociation products, O and OH, on CuCl(111) surface was studied with periodic slab model by PW91 approach of GGA within the framework of density functional theory. The results of geometry optimization indicate that the top site is stable energetically for H2O adsorbed over the CuCl(111) surface. The threefold hollow site is found to be the most stable adsorption site for OH and O, and the calculated adsorption energies are 309.5 and 416.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Adsorption of H2O on oxygen-precovered CuCl(111) surface to form surface hydroxyl groups is predicted to be exothermic by 180.1 kJ/mol. The stretching vibrational frequencies, Mulliken population analysis and density of states analysis are employed to interpret the possible mechanism for the computed results.     

Capture and separation of CO2 on BC3 nanosheets: A DFT study

In order to reduce the greenhouse effect caused by the rapid increase of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere, it is necessary to develop more efficient, controllable, and highly sensitive adsorbing materials. In this study, the adsorption behavior of CO₂ on BC₃ nanosheets under an external electric field was explored based on density functional theory (DFT). It was found that CO₂ experienced a transition from physisorption to chemisorption in the electric field range of 0.0060-0.0065 a.u.. In addition, the adsorption/desorption of CO₂ is reversible and can be precisely controlled by switching on/off at the electric field of 0.0065 a.u.. The selective adsorption of CO₂/H₂/CH₄ by BC₃ can also be used to realize gas separation and purification under different electric fields. This study highlighted the potential application of BC₃ nanosheets as a high-performance, controllable material for CO₂ capture, regeneration, and separation in an electric field.     

A DFT study on structural stability and electronic property of VIIIB transition metal-doped carbon nanocaps

Carbon nanocap (CNC) was selected for the systems doped with VIIIB transition metal (TM) atoms. The geometrical structures and electronic properties of TM-doped CNCs were calculated using the density functional theory method. It was found that TM atoms can interact with CNC to form TM–CNC complexes, which corresponded with the large partial charge transfer. All of molecular orbitals of TM–CNC complexes were localized in vicinity doping site. The density of states of these TM-doped CNCs were exhibited mostly metallic or narrow–gap semiconductor.     

甲醇在SnO2(110)表面的吸附与解离的理论研究

研究气体分子在固体表面吸附过程的化学和物理性质在气体传感器研究方面有着重要的意义,尤其是一些小分子与氧化物的作用受到人们广泛的关注.SnO2具有特殊的表面性质,是适合用于催化有机物的光催化剂,同时由于SnO2在易燃易爆危险气体和有机物的检测等方面有着特殊而广阔的应用前景,成为化学工作者研究的热点[1-3].     

[M6Om(C25N4H18)n]2-(M=W, Mo; n=1, 2; m=17,18)的二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)的BP86方法, 对[M6Om(C25N4H18)n]2-(M=W, Mo; n=1, 2; m=17,18)进行了几何结构优化, 其中Mo系列结构化合物优化的几何结构与实验值吻合较好. 在净电场为零的条件下, 运用DFT/LB94方法计算了体系的二阶非线性光学系数β值: 体系1和2的βvec值分别为154.4×10-30和124.8×10-30 esu. 表明它们具有较大的二阶非线性光学系数, 且Mo系列比W系列的β值大. 而体系3和4的βvec值分别为218.0×10-30和191.8×10-30 esu. 体系3和4的βvec值分别比体系1和2的大, 表明增加给体的数目有利于提高NLO响应, 但都小于它们的2倍.     

Theoretical investigation of the coordination of dibenzazepine to transition-metal complexes: A DFT study

DFT calculations with full geometry optimizations have been carried out on a series of hypothetical compounds of the CpM(C₁₄NH₁₁) and (CO)₃M(C₁₄NH₁₁) (M = transition metal and C₁₄NH₁₁ = dibenzazepine ligand) type. A rationalization of the bonding in hypothetical complexes is provided. Depending on the electron count and the nature of the metal, the dibenzazepine ligand can bind to the metal through the η¹, η², η³, η⁴ , η⁵, η⁶ , or η⁷ coordination mode adopting structures of types a or b. In the investigated species, the most favored closed-shell count is 18-MVE except for the Sc and V models which prefer the 16-MVE configuration.     

Chemical Bonds and Spin State Splittings in Spin Crossover Complexes. A DFT and QTAIM Analysis

Summary. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed for the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) isomers of a series of iron(II) spin crossover complexes with nitrogen ligands. The calculated charge densities have been analyzed in the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). For a number of iron(II) complexes with substituted tris(pyrazolyl) ligands the energy difference between HS and LS isomers, the spin state splitting, has been decomposed into atomic contributions in order to rationalize changes of the spin state splitting due to substituent effects.     

Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of the Surface F-Centers in MgO: A Theoretical Analysis by DFT Approach

Electronic structure of Mg9O9 and Mg9O8 clusters modeling nano-crystalline powders of magnesium oxide has been analyzed within the frames of the density functional theory (DFT). In the framework of time-dependent DFT method (TD-DFT), the relationship between the surface and bulk properties of nano-crystals is analyzed based on variations in the density of electronic states (DOS) and changes of electronic spectra. The spectroscopy of spatial defects like low-coordinated oxygen ions and of surface point defects like F⁺- and F-centers is investigated. Optical properties of the nano-sized crystalline magnesium oxide are characterized by a spectrum of absorption bands in the range of 1-5 eV. Point defects such as F-centers absorb light in the range of 1.2-1.5 eV. Spatial defects O_LC in nano-crystals generate absorption bands in the range of 2.5-5.0 eV. According to calculations, there is no direct relation between coordination numbers of surface ions and excitation energies. Theoretical excitation energies are compared with experimental optical properties of the F⁺- and F-centers.