液体的脉冲差分光声喇曼光谱

采用脉冲光声方法测量了各种有机和无机液体的受激喇曼光谱,探讨了影响这种光谱技术灵敏度的主要原因,即来自线性吸收信号的干扰,并进一步采用一种改进的方法——差分方法,消除了线性光声信号的影响,可以测量到比较弱的喇曼谱线以及浓度比较低的物质的喇曼光谱,并探讨了这种技术在痕量物质测量以及探测环境污染物质等领域中的应用前景.     

声相关流体速度测量理论和信号处理方法

研究了测量流体速度的声相关测速理论和信号处理方法。获得了在声呐阵夫琅和费区域内适用的声呐阵时空相关函数,它是指数函数,这是相关测流速的理论模型。重点研究了时空声相关函数最大值附近的特性,它包含流速的主要信息。提出了局域最小二乘估计作为速度估计准则,采用序列二次规划作为最优化的方法,由此建立了声相关流速测量的信号处理方法。进行多次海上系统试验,验证了理论模型;给出了声相关海流剖面仪测得的流速、流向和流速剖面,与声多普勒海流剖面仪进行了对比,结果符合;最后给出了声相关海流剖面仪的测速均方差,稍大于理论值。     

声脉冲法空间电荷测量系统的研究

气体中空间电荷的分布与电晕放电的机理紧密相关, 获取电晕放电过程中空间电荷分布对深入研究电晕放电起始、自持过程有着重要作用, 但是如何准确获得电晕放电过程中的空间电荷分布一直是国际上尚未解决的难题. 本文基于声脉冲法提出一种电场信号解耦算法, 推导了空间电荷在声场中被调制产生的电场信号与声脉冲信号和空间电荷密度之间的数值关系, 讨论了不同测量情况下声发射系统的设计要求; 搭建了一套可用于实时测量针板电极电晕放电空间电荷分布的非接触式测量系统, 该系统主要包括声脉冲发生模块、空间电荷模块及电场信号解耦算法模块. 运用该系统实现了声脉冲激发作用下电场信号的测量, 通过提出的电场信号解耦算法得到了空间电荷密度, 对其测量结果与电晕电流法测量结果进行比较, 验证了电场信号解耦算法的有效性. 该算法可以应用于空间电荷一维、二维和三维测量系统中.     

相对湿度对光声信号的影响研究

共振型光声光谱系统容易受到外界环境的影响,其中相对湿度对光声信号的影响会直接降低光声光谱技术在进行痕量气体检测或气溶胶光吸收系数测量时的准确性。利用自制的U形光声池,搭建了一套相对湿度可精确调节的光声光谱测量系统,通过测量不同相对湿度下光声系统的性能参数,分析了相对湿度对光声信号的影响,获得了不同相对湿度下光声信号的修正参数。利用该参数,测量了7172.699cm-1波长处水分子的吸收,并定量分析了相对湿度的影响。该研究结果为光声光谱技术在不同相对湿度环境条件下的应用提供了重要参考。     

水下目标弹性声散射信号分离

水下目标弹性声散射与其他声散射成分在时域和频域上均存在混叠, 现有信号处理方法受分辨力限制无法在混叠状态下识别目标弹性声散射特征. 针对这个问题, 提出了一种目标弹性声散射信号分离方法. 以目标回波亮点模型为基础, 分析了线性调频信号入射时目标声散射成分的信号特性, 提出了一种目标声散射成分向单频信号的映射方法, 并理论推导出了目标声散射结构与映射结果之间的线性对应关系, 实现了通过窄带滤波分离出目标弹性声散射成分. 仿真与消声水池实验数据处理结果表明, 该方法基本可以完全分离出目标回波信号中的弹性声散射成分, 分离出的弹性声散射具有与理论一致的信号特征, 验证了该分离方法的有效性.     

无序对二维声子晶体平板负折射成像的影响

利用多重散射理论分析了位置无序对钢/水声子晶体负折射成像的影响.发现声子晶体负折射成像与周期结构中的方向性通路有关;该方向性通路不同于一般意义上的位置波导,它是声子晶体周期散射的结果;通路中的障碍对成像有较大影响;随着散射体位置无序程度的增加,周期性散射减弱,方向性通路被破坏,成像也随之减弱,甚至消失.     

扩频原理在聚合物光纤性能测量中的应用

提出了一种将扩频通信原理用于聚合物光纤性能测量的新方法,使用伪随机序列对注入测量系统的光信号进行调制,实现输入光信号的扩展频带,输出光信号经光电转换后,用伪随机序列对信号进行解扩处理,根据扩频原理,解扩后的信号的信噪比会有较大提高.对测量系统的性能进行了仿真分析并与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法可以精确地测量信噪比低于-20 dB的有用信号波形.     

小角X射线散射中宇宙线噪声去除方法

针对小角X射线散射（SAXS）测量图样中的宇宙线提出一种去除方法,以纳米结构的周期信息为物理先验计算得到周期性散射信号的坐标信息,对各光斑级次有效信号区域内的宇宙线进行检测并去除。数值模拟了含宇宙线的SAXS测量图样序列,测试该方法对SAXS测量图样序列宇宙线的检测和去除效果,并与现有的宇宙线去除方法进行对比。计算不同曝光时间下去噪前和各方法去噪后SAXS测量图样的评价指标,可以说明该方法对于SAXS测量图样中的宇宙线具有良好的去除效果,并能在长曝光条件下获得明显的信噪比增益。     

扩频原理在聚合物光纤性能测量中的应用

提出了一种将扩频通信原理用于聚合物光纤性能测量的新方法,使用伪随机序列对注入测量系统的光信号进行调制,实现输入光信号的扩展频带,输出光信号经光电转换后,用伪随机序列对信号进行解扩处理,根据扩频原理,解扩后的信号的信噪比会有较大提高.对测量系统的性能进行了仿真分析并与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法可以精确地测量信噪比低于-20dB的有用信号波形.     

激光声信号的频谱特性

构建了激光声实验测量系统,利用脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生声信号,由水听器将声信号转换成电信号并送入数字存储示波器。分析了激光声信号的时频域数学模型,实验研究了激光声信号的频域能量分布,以及激光器重复频率和激光声信号频谱特性的关系。结果表明:激光声信号能量主要集中在200 kHz内,其中100~200 kHz内的能量所占比例约50%。激光声信号的幅频响应极大值点可以受到激光器重复频率的控制。     

超宽带散射信号的时域测量及处理

 叙述了在超宽带电磁脉冲照射下良导电散射体散射信号的时域测量技术及数据处理方法。描述了产生散射信号的物理过程,散射信号的时域测量步骤、提取方法以及散射体冲激响应的计算方法。通过对铝金属球体散射信号的测量及处理,说明了上述测量技术和数据处理方法是有效的,基本满足逆散射成像的要求。     

Influence of wake bubbles on optical impulse scattering echo

The model of the optical impulse scattering echo based on Mie theory and backscattering properties of bubble populations is presented. The experimental results of optical impulse scattering echo for a ship in the ocean is in agreement with the simulated experiment. The wake bubbles significantly influence the laser scattering echo process in the ocean. When the testing system is outside the wake, the distinct scattering echoes of interface between wake bubbles and water are received. When the testing system is inside the wake, the intensity of the echo attenuates with the increased scattering of wake bubbles. These phenomena of laser echoes in different periods are analyzed.     

An alternative approach for measuring the scattered acoustic pressure field of immersed single and multiple cylinders

The form function of an elastic target can be obtained from the scattered signal through a deconvolution process. The deconvolution process uses the signal measured from an acoustically hard target (reference signal) to compensate for the impulse response of the measurement system. In this paper, it is shown that this approach limits the usable frequency range of the signal and leads to inaccuracies in the final results. An alternative approach is proposed in which the reference signal is replaced by the specular echo. A procedure is described for extracting the specular echo from the measured signal even in cases where it is not completely isolated from the resonant components. Modifications are made to the existing deconvolution formulation and it is further extended to be applicable to multiple scattering measurements. Experimental results show that the new approach provides improved accuracy and wider usable frequency range in both single and multiple scattering experiments.     

Research on intensity measurement in room impulse field

A new system of sound intensity measurement for impulse field in the room was proposed. This measurement system consists of a repeatable inspiriting sound source and a microphone fixed on a slowly rotating platform, which is equivalent to a circle microphone array composed of many perfectly matched microphones. The test principle was presented and typical application was described. Based upon this system the sound intensity measurement for impulse field in the room was realized. Therefore, not only time but also spatial information of room impulse response can be obtained.     

基于扭秤的激光干涉差动测量微小冲量方法

基于扭秤测量冲量原理,结合激光干涉法差动测量角度的方法,提出一种基于扭秤的激光干涉差动测量微小冲量的方法。介绍系统的基本组成和测量过程,给出扭秤结构设计参数,并对系统参数进行了标定,结合设计参数与标定结果,对系统的分辨率、量程和精度进行了校核,在典型的测量环境下,对激光烧蚀靶材所形成的Ns量级微小冲量进行了测量,给出了典型的测量结果并进行分析。结果表明:所提出的基于扭秤的激光干涉差动测量微小冲量方法,系统分辨率可达10-7Ns量级,测量范围跨5个数量级,最大可以测量10-2Ns量级冲量,测量精度优于95%。     

Electron scattering on two-neutron halo nuclei: The case of He

The formalism to describe electron scattering reactions on two-neutron halo nuclei is developed. The halo nucleus is described as a three-body system (core +n + n), and the wave function is obtained by solving the Faddeev equations in coordinate space. We discuss elastic and quasielastic scattering using the impulse approximation to describe the reaction mechanism. We apply the method to investigate the case of electron scattering on ⁶He. Spectral functions, response functions, and differential cross sections are calculated for both neutron knockout and knockout by the electron.     

Experimental research on impulse coupling effect of a multi-pulse laser on an aluminum target

Impact and torsion pendulums are applied in impulse coupling experiments of high-energy laser irradiation of space debris. It is difficult to achieve a multi-pulse experiment and thus hard to analyze the multi-pulse impulse coupling effect. Here, we designed a new recoil impulse experimental measurement system of non-contact, multidegrees of freedom, and multi-pulse irradiation. The system used a low-pressure and low-temperature vacuum chamber to simulate the space environment, the pinning effect of magnetic levitation to achieve aluminum target suspension, and high-speed cameras to record the displacement over time to calculate the impulse of the target.Then the impulse coupling experiment of multi-pulse laser irradiation on the aluminum target was performed.The result shows that the multi-pulse impulse coupling effect is not the linear accumulation of coupling results by every single-pulse and multi-pulse coefficient that decreases with the increase of the number of pulses, and eventually stabilizes as the decrease gets smaller.     

Effects of Distorted Wave on Proton Elastic Scattering from Light Nuclei at 200 MeV

The distorted wave is introduced into the relativistic impulse approximation to generate the Dirac optical potentials for proton elastic scattering. Those potentials, produced by folding the target ground state wavefunction with the free nucleon-nucleon interactions, are used to reevaluate scattering observables, such as differential cross section, analysing power and spin rotation function, for proton elastic scattering from ^12C and ^16O at Elab = 200 MeV, respectively. The inclusion of the distorted wave in the original relativistic impulse approximation has brought out better results of the observables, especially at small scattering angles.     

Relativistic double differential cross sections for Compton scattering by bound electrons: Test at low photon energies and predictions at intermediate photon energies

Cross section profiles d²σ/dΩdω′ for Compton scattering of photons by bound electrons are calculated for all subshells of the atom. Results obtained from the form factor approximation and from a relativistic version of the impulse approximation are compared with experimental data for Cu and Pb at a scattering angle ofθ=145° and a photon energy of 662 keV. The impulse approximation proves to be superior to the form factor approximation and is used to predict cross section profiles for a primary energy of 50 MeV and different scattering angles and charge numbers. It is shown that only for the heaviest atoms and scattering angles belowθ=5° there is a non-negligible contribution of Compton scattering to the elastic peak.     

Two-dimensional optical coherence tomography for real-time structural dynamical characterization

We present a two-dimensional optical coherence vibration tomography (2DOCVT) system with an ultra-precision displacement resolution of ~0.1 nm that is capable of in site real-time absolute displacement measurement of structural line vibrations. Experimental results of sinusoidal, sweep and impulse vibrations were reported. The key figures of merit such as the 2DOCVT system could obtain fast line vibration measurement without scanning and it also could be used to capture structural modal parameters in one single impulse excitation measurement without any vibration excitation input information, making it attractive for the application in low-frequency vibration measurement and response-only modal analysis.