费托(FT)合成及相关反应的研究进展(英文)

按催化剂分类介绍了改性ＦＴ合成及与其相关反应的近期研究成果。即通过调制催化剂组成和反应条件,由合成气直接合成其他有价值的化工原料如醇、烯烃、芳香烃和石蜡等。分子筛,如ＡＩ－ＭＣＭ－４１和ＺＳＭ－５／磷铝分子筛等在ＦＴ及其相关反应中扮演着越来越重要的角色,但由于金属作为反应活性中心,所以金属催化剂如Ｆｅ,Ｃｏ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ和Ｎｉ,双金属如Ｆｅ－Ｉｒ和Ｐｔ－Ｍｏ仍然是人们研究的重点。另外,一些新的反应方法和新的材料也被采用,如超临界方法及超微粒催化剂等。     

砷的形态分析方法研究进展

对近年有关砷的形态分析的进展作了综述。对新的分离方法,如毛细管电泳法、氢化物发生法及高效液相色谱法给予了较多的注意,还对各种测定方法作了对比和讨论（引述文献79篇）。     

基于C_(60)富勒烯部花菁的合成及其变色性

设计和合成了一种新的基于C_(60)富勒烯部花化合物2，用质谱、核磁共振谱 、红外光谱和紫外光谱对化合物2进行了表征。并对化合物2的变色过程进行了研究 ，发现该化合物对极性溶剂如甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和酸或碱如乙酸、乙醇钠等 具有良好的变色过程。但由于部花莆染料受C_(60)的影响，基对光的灵敏度降低， 光致变色过程非常缓慢。     

绿色分析化学技术进展

绿色分析化学技术是国际分析化学的前沿,受到广泛关注.绿色分析化学是把绿色化学的原理使用在新的分析方法和技术方面.目前的研究主要集中在环境友好的样品前处理技术(如微波消解、微波萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、超临界流体萃取等)和绿色分析测试技术(如X射线荧光分析法、近红外技术、毛细管电泳、顶空气相色谱等).文章对上述内容进行了综述.     

新负载型试剂在有机合成反应中的应用

本文根据化学工业在 2 1世纪面临的要求———开发创新环境友好工艺 ,介绍了几种新的负载型试剂 ,如固体酸、固体碱等 ,以及它们在某些有机合成反应 ,如Friedel Crafts反应、硝化反应、卤代反应、Michael反应及一系列氧化反应中的应用。     

二茂锆氢化物与不饱和双官能团化合物反应的研究

本文主要研究了二茂锆氢化物和聚集双键化合物如RNCS、RNCO的反应,取得了一些新的结果。     

有机物的阴极间接电氧化(Ⅱ)——烯酸的阴极间接环氧化

建立一种新的阴极间接电氧化体系 ,以VO(acac) 2 OOH/VO(acac) 2 为氧化还原媒质 ,通过催化阴极由O2 电还原产生的H2 O2 对某些烯酸如顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸和丁烯酸等进行间接环氧化 .研究了 pH值、温度、电流密度等因素对反应的影响 .本文是继前文[1]之后所建立的又一新的氧化还原媒质 .此研究对有机电合成的发展具有重要的理论意义和实际意义 .     

氟化氢的分析方法综述

简单介绍了氟化氢的性质,叙述了化学滴定法、比色法、氟离子选择电极法和离子色谱法等常用分析方法在氟化氢分析方面的应用原理及优缺点.对近年来发展起来的一些新的氟化氢分析方法如荧光分析法、发射光谱法、流动注射系统测氟法和傅立叶红外光谱法进行了阐述.     

荧光光度法测定稀土元素研究进展

文章综述了近20年来国内外有关稀土元素荧光光度法的研究进展.主要从测定体系、测定波长、检出限、线性范围等方面对铈、铕、钐、镝、铽、镧、钇等稀土元素进行研究.最后对一些新的荧光技术如激光诱导时间分辨光谱、时间分辨荧光免疫分析等进行了简单讨论.文章引用文献69篇.     

阿司匹林键联金属卟啉的合成及与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

卟啉化合物参与生物体内氧的输送和储存、能量交换、生物体中的新陈代谢、电子传递,特别是其独特的生物活性,在医药领域中更能体现其特有的应用前景,其中在抗癌活性方面尤其突出.众所周知,阿司匹林(ASA)作为百年的老药,在临床上主要用于解热镇痛和抗风湿药物,其新的用途不断地被人们所发现,如对肠道癌细胞具有抑制作用方面成为新的研究领域之一[1].     

IR Spectrum Data Bank System

The infrared spectra of pure compounds of ninety thousands, poly compounds of twelve thousand, drugs of one thousand were included in the data bank. All of them can be searched out according to their serial number, chemical name, commercial name, amount of each atoms, or molecular formula, as well as their spectrum peak appearances. Program for spectrum information inputting, program for spectrum information search and program for spectrum peak appearance search were included in the system; in addition, spectrum information data bank, spectrum peak code data bank and spectrum figure data bank were attached to the system. System program was written by Visial Basic, and run under Windows system. The spectrum information data bank and spectrum figure data bank were administrated by Microsoft Access.The program for spectrum message inputting can be used to add message data and spectrum figure of some new compounds into the data banks by users themselves. The program for spectrum message search was designed to find out all the message data and spectrum figure of interested compound according to someone of the message data. The program for spectrum peak search was designed to find out some spectra most similar in peak shape with unknown spectrum by peak to peak comparison. When the wavenumbers and transmittances of main peaks in the spectrum of unknown sample were entered, the spectrum peak search was performed and several hits with higher similarity were reported including their similarity scores, spectrum serial numbers, sample's states,melt points, molecular formulas as well as spectrum images. If the search result was not satisfactory,some methods to modify spectrum parameters were reminded and search was performed again.     

A smoothing method for X-ray spectrum based on best beamforming

X-ray spectrum is widely used in the field of analysis and measurement. Due to the effect of electronic noise and statistical fluctuation of particle, the measurement spectrum is unsmoothed. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum, many smoothing methods were applied to process spectrum. The conventional smoothing algorithms regard the spectra as time series. In fact, X-ray spectrum is an angle series, and its essential is spatial spectrum. So the conventional smoothing algorithms are not fit for smoothing X-ray spectrum. In this paper, a new measuring model for X-ray spectrum is built up, and a new smoothing method based on best beam forming is proposed for X-ray spectrum. It regards the measured X-ray spectrum as the classic spectrum estimation result of array signal. The spatial spectrum is re-estimated to smooth the spectrum by best beam forming. The relationship between cross-correlation coefficient and number of array cell is applied to choose parameter q. The experimental results show that the method is effective to smooth X-ray spectrum with high resolution when q is larger than 200.     

CaS：Ce，Sm的制备及性能表征

采用碳还原法制备了CaS：Ce，Sm样品，并研究了反应机理、还原原理以及灼烧温度对CaS晶格形成和光激励发光的影响。样品的XRD测试表明，采用碳还原法制备的CaS：Ce，Sm样品，具有纯CaS的面心立方结构，晶格常数a=0.569 4 nm，样品的激发光谱是峰值分别位于295 nm和461 nm的宽带谱，样品的荧光光谱是峰值位于503 nm、560 nm、600 nm和655 nm带谱，光激励发光光谱是峰值分别位于500 nm，565 nm和605 nm的宽带谱，光激励激发光谱是峰值位于1 150 nm的宽带谱。     

Two-dimensional NMR spectra of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)

Two-dimensional NMR spectra of commercially available poly(N-vinylcarabazole) are presented and analyzed. Complete assignments for the aromatic region of the carbon spectrum are made using the edited spectrum and literature references for model compounds. The proton spectrum is assigned from its correlations with the carbon spectrum and with a J-correlated two-dimensional spectrum. One of the protons (number 1) is shifted to rather unusual high fields by the stacked structure of the carbazole rings, independent on the polymer tacticity. From the aliphatic carbon spectrum a meso probability of 0.45 is estimated for the commercial polymer, and another J-correlated two-dimensional spectrum helps assigning the triad and tetrad splittings in the aliphatic proton spectrum.     

刺五加注射液近红外含量预测模型谱段选择规律和消除溶剂干扰方法的探讨

目前中药制剂生产过程中缺乏全过程参数检测和质量控制技术手段,不同生产批次药品化学成分差异较大、质量不够稳定、临床使用疗效和安全性不理想,因此,建立其完善的质量评价体系及其准确快速的质量评价方法,成为中药质量控制的重中之重.通过对刺五加注射液近红外(near infrared,NIR)含量预测模型的谱段选择规律和消除溶剂干扰方法的探讨,发现采用表征混合物结构差异的结构相关谱段结合含量相关谱段作为NIR组分预测模型谱段,用基于水为参比光谱的样本光谱建立含量预测模型,并利用水作为参比光谱识别和提取待分析组分的光谱信息,可以得到较理想的NIR含量预测结果.通过对刺五加注射液中绿原酸、紫丁香苷和刺五加苷E组分的近红外光谱结构相关谱段和含量相关谱段的归属,分别建立了绿原酸、紫丁香苷和刺五加苷E组分的含量预测模型,可用于快速分析刺五加注射液中不同组分的含量.     

A method to collect an infrared spectrum in solution.

Herein we report a new method to collect a qualified infrared spectrum of a solute in solution by two solvent cells with different thickness during background single-beam spectrum scanning. By collecting the background spectrum with two cells (two stages), we successfully achieved accurate solvent compensation between a sample and a reference, namely, the solvent amounts in the sample and background measurements could become congruent. Therefore, the solvent bands were thoroughly suppressed in the infrared spectrum and a qualified spectrum of the solute was obtained.     

Tailoring noise frequency spectrum to improve NIR determinations

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) contains excessive background noise and weak analytical signals caused by near infrared overtones and combinations. That makes it difficult to achieve quantitative determinations of low concentration samples by NIR. A simple chemometric approach has been established to modify the noise frequency spectrum to improve NIR determinations. The proposed method is to multiply one Savitzky-Golay filtered NIR spectrum with another reference spectrum added with thermal noises before the other Savitzky-Golay filter. Since Savitzky-Golay filter is a kind of low-pass filter and cannot eliminate low frequency components of NIR spectrum, using one step or two consecutive Savitzky-Golay filter procedures cannot improve the determination of NIR greatly. Meanwhile, significant improvement is achieved via the Savitzky-Golay filtered NIR spectrum processed with the multiplication alteration before the other Savitzky-Golay filter. The frequency range of the modified noise spectrum shifts toward higher frequency regime via multiplication operation. So the second Savitzky-Golay filter is able to provide better filtering efficiency to obtain satisfied result. The improvement of NIR determination with tailoring noise frequency spectrum technique was demonstrated by both simulated dataset and two measured NIR spectral datasets. It is expected that noise frequency spectrum technique will be adopted mostly in applications where quantitative determination of low concentration sample is crucial.     

Fine-structure enhancement--assessment of a simple method to resolve overlapping bands in spectra

A simple mathematical procedure--fine-structure enhancement--has been assessed on its ability to resolve overlapping bands in spectra. Its advantages and limitations have been explored using synthetic and experimental spectra. Fine-structure enhancement involves smoothing the original spectrum, multiplying the smoothed spectrum with a weighting factor and subtracting this spectrum from the original spectrum. As a result, the fine-structure of the original spectrum is enhanced in the processed spectrum and bands that overlap in the original spectrum appear as distinct bands in the processed spectrum. To be resolved by fine-structure enhancement, Lorentzian lines have to be separated by more than their quarter width at half maximum, Gaussian lines by more than their half width at half maximum. A comparison of fine-structure enhancement and Fourier self-deconvolution shows that Fourier self-deconvolution has in theory a higher potential to resolve overlapping bands. However, this depends crucially on the correct choice of the parameters. In practice, when parameters commonly used are chosen for Fourier self-deconvolution, fine-structure enhancement leads to similar results. This is demonstrated at the example of the infrared absorbance spectrum of the protein papain, where the amide I band components could be resolved similarly with both methods. Thus, fine-structure enhancement seems to be a simple alternative to Fourier self-deconvolution that does not require specialised software.     

高氯酸四丁基铵的红外和拉曼光谱

首次采用激光拉曼散射光谱法对高氯酸四丁基铵分子进行研究,得到了高氯酸四丁基铵的拉曼谱图,并对其谱带进行了指认.同时获得了它的红外光谱,对其特征谱带也进行了初步指认.     

INDUCTION OF DNA-PROTEIN CROSSLINKS IN HUMAN CELLS BY ULTRAVIOLET and VISIBLE RADIATIONS: ACTION SPECTRUM

Abstract— DNA-protein crosslinking was induced in cultured human P3 teratocarcinoma cells by irradiation with monochromatic radiation with wavelengths in the range254–434 nm (far-UV, near-UV, and blue light). Wavelength 545 nm green light did not induce these crosslinks, using the method of alkaline elution of the DNA from membrane filters. The action spectrum for the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks revealed two maxima, one in the far-UV spectrum that closely coincided with the relative spectrum of DNA at 254 and 290 nm, and one in the visible light spectrum at 405 nm, which has no counterpart in the DNA spectrum. The primary events for the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks by such long-wavelength radiation probably involve photosensitizers. This dual mechanism for DNA-protein crosslink formation is in strong contrast to the single mechanism for pyrimidine dimer formation in DNA, which apparently has no component in the visible light spectrum.