脱溶剂速度对聚砜/磺化聚砜合金膜结构和性能的影响

介绍了铸膜液温度、成膜过程中的蒸发时间、环境湿度、凝胶浴温度对聚砜/磺化聚砜合金膜的渗透、分离性能的影响.随环境相对湿度、凝胶浴温度增大,合金膜的水通量增大,截留率下降;蒸发时间延长,合金膜的水通量通过一个极大值,截留率呈现下降趋势.     

高分子合金分离膜材料及结构研究进展

膜材料液相共混制备高分子合金分离膜不但可以调节膜材料与被分离物的亲和性，也在一定程度上改变了膜的结构。本文介绍高分子材料浓相共混对膜材料的亲水性、耐污染性及其它理化性能的影响和对膜结构的调节作用，同时指出高分子材料间的相容性是影响合金膜结构的重要因素。     

PA-130/CA合金膜材料的研制及其性能

采用溶液共混和液-固相转变法(L-S)制备了用于高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱填料的共聚尼龙/醋酸纤维素共混物(PA-130/CA)。以小分子量化合物为探针分子,用HPLC数据表征了PA-130/CA合金膜材料的界面性能,并研究了其合金膜材料的相容性和热稳定性。结果表明:PA-130与CA有很好的相容性;该合金膜的热稳定性比纯CA膜的有所提高;质量比为30/70的PA-130/CA合金膜对不离解极性有机物的分离效率更高。     

聚砜/聚醚砜相容性对合金膜结构和性能的影响

通过混合焓法预测并用相差显微镜表征了PSF/PES合金体系的相容性,表明二者为相容性比较差的部分相容体系.合金膜中聚合物的组成影响PSF/PES间的相容性,进而影响合金膜的结构和性能.随合金体系相容性下降,膜的平均孔径显著增加,水通量增大而相应的截留率下降;研究表明,改变PSF/PES间的相容性是调节膜结构、提高膜性能的有效方法.     

稳定剂KI对化学镀Ni-Fe-P-B合金性能的影响

Influences of stabilizer (KI) on the corrosion performance of the Ni-Fe-P-B deposit alloys,were investigated using electrochemical methods,weightless corrosion and heat treatment.The results show that corrosion current density (0.1585mA·cm~(-2)),porosity(0.5 No.cm~(-2)) and weightless corrosion rate of the deposit (Ni-Fe-P-B) in corrosion media are lowest,when the stabilizer (KI) concentration is 8mg.L~(-1).Corrosion resistance of the deposit drops to a different degree in the range of 200℃～600℃,and slowly falls down when CKI=8mg.L~(-1).The lattice changes and diffusion layer forming of the deposit play important roles in the changes of corrosion performance in the different range of heat treatment.However,the hardness and abradability of testing alloy increase to a different degree in 200～400℃.When CKI=8mg.L~(-1),hardness of alloy is as high as 950HV after heat treatment at 400℃×1h,which is twice that of the as-plated coating.     

杂萘联苯聚芳醚质子交换膜材料的研究

质子交换膜是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件之一，其性能的优劣直接关系燃料电池的工作性能。目前质子交换膜燃料电池多采用全氟磺酸离子膜，全氟磺酸膜虽然具有较高的质子传导性和良好的化学稳定性，但是也具有价格昂贵、甲醇渗透高和高温下质子传导性能下降等缺点。为了克服全氟磺酸膜的不足，国内外相继开展了非氟质子交换膜的研究，如磺化聚醚醚酮（SPEEK）、磺化聚醚醚酮酮（SPEEKK）、磺化聚砜（SPSU）和磺化聚酰亚胺（SPI）等。     

基底材料对脉冲电流法制备的聚苯胺膜性能的影响

本文采用脉冲电流法(PGM)在不同的基底材料表面沉积PANI, 通过平均电位\|时间曲线及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法研究了基底材料对PGM法制备PANI的影响; 并采用循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了不同电极材料表面PANI的电化学性能.     

二甲基亚砜中E-Ni-Co合金膜的电化学制备

利用循环伏安法和恒电位电解法研究了室温条件下在LiClO4-二甲基亚砜(DMSO)体系中Er-Ni-Co功能合金膜的电化学制备.实验结果表明, 在0.1 mol•L－1 ErCl3-0.1 mol•L－1 NiCl2-0.1 mol•L－1 CoCl2-0.1 mol•L－1 LiClO4-DMSO体系中,控制电位在－2.20～－2.50 V范围内进行恒电位电解,得到表面均匀、附着力强、有金属光泽的黑色非晶态Er-Ni-Co合金膜, 其中Er的质量分数可达9.21％～18.90％.     

Er-Bi合金膜在有机溶剂中的电沉积研究

利用循环伏安法和恒电位电解法探讨了室温条件下在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中Er-Bi合金膜的电化学制备.研究了沉积电位、电流密度以及主盐浓度比对沉积膜质量的影响.实验结果表明,在ErCl3-Bi(NO3)3-LiCl-DMSO体系中,当控制恰当的体系组成和沉积条件,均可得到表面均匀、附着力强、有金属光泽的灰黑色非晶态Er-Bi合金膜,其中稀土Er的质量分数可达24.09％～46.56％.通过SEM、EDS分析得到沉积膜表面形貌和组成,通过XRD和DSC确定了合金膜的物相组成.结果表明,当所制备的合金膜在723 K进行热处理1 h后,可形成稳定的Er-Bi合金相.     

在二甲亚砜中脉冲电沉积La-Co-Fe合金膜的的研究

应用脉冲电解技术制备La-Co-Fe合金膜,加入络合剂乙二胺后,可制备出表面光滑、致密、粘附性好和有金属光泽的La-Co-Fe合金膜.室温下所得合金膜是非晶态的,并对非晶态La-Co-Fe合金膜进行了磁性测试.经热处理后,La-Co-Fe合金膜在物相中有La和LaFeO3.     

PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜制备的研究

以聚砜(PSF)、磺化聚醚砜(SPES)和醋酸纤维素(CA)为膜材料,水为内凝胶剂,采用干湿法制备了PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜,探讨了PSF-SPES铸膜液中SPES离子交换容量(IEC)、SPES浓度、添加剂、外凝胶剂的选择和热处理对膜性能的影响。所得共混超滤膜性能如下:w=0.0 0 1的Na2SO4截留率19.9%,通量62 L/(h.m2.MPa);w=0.001的PEG4000截留率78.2%,通量85 L/(h.m2.MPa)。此外,以PSF-SPES中空纤维为支撑膜,采用醋酸纤维素作为涂层液,研究了CA/PSF-SPES复合超滤膜性能,讨论了CA/PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜结构。     

磺化聚砜改性超滤膜的制备及性能

溶剂萃取过程的乳化现象是影响萃取率和产品质量主要问题,长期以来一直靠破乳剂解决,这会造成环境污染等问题[1,2]。膜分离技术能耗低、对具有生物活性的物质能保持其活性、分离产物易于回收,在抗生素提炼中的应用研究近年来十分活跃[3 5]。本文以磺化聚砜为膜材料、N,N 二甲基酰胺为溶剂,采用多元复合添加剂,用湿法相转移化法制备出孔径为400-500 、具有指孔状或海绵状结构的磺化聚砜改性超滤膜,作为抗生素提炼的分离膜。1　实验部分1 1　主要仪器及试剂扫描电镜(S 250,英国Cambridge公司);离子活度计(PXS 215,上海分析仪器厂)。聚…     

Tuning the Electrochemical Properties of Novel Asymmetric Integral Sulfonated Polysulfone Cation Exchange Membranes

In this study, novel asymmetric integral cation exchange membranes were prepared by the wet phase inversion of sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) solutions. SPSf with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) was synthesized by variation in the amount of chlorosulfonic acid utilized as a sulfonating agent. The characterization of SPSf samples was performed using FTIR and ¹H-NMR techniques. SPSf with a DS of 0.31 (0.67 meq/g corresponding ion exchange capacity) was chosen to prepare the membranes, as polymers with a higher DS resulted in poor mechanical properties and excessive swelling in water. By a systematic study, the opportunity to tune the properties of SPSf membranes by acting on the composition of the polymeric solution was demonstrated. The effect of two different phase inversion parameters, solvent type and co-solvent ratio, were investigated by morphological and electrochemical characterization. The best properties (permselectivity of 0.86 and electrical resistance of 6.3 Ω∙cm²) were obtained for the membrane prepared with 2-propanol (IPA):1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) in a 20:80 ratio. This membrane was further characterized in different solution concentrations to estimate its performance in a Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) operation. Although the estimated generated power was less than that of the commercial CMX (Neosepta) membrane, used as a benchmark, the tailor-made membrane can be considered as a cost-effective alternative, as one of the main limitations to the commercialization of RED is the high membrane price.     

聚氯乙烯/醋酸纤维素合金纳滤膜材料的研制及其界面性能表征

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)、醋酸纤维素(CA)为膜基材,四氢呋喃为溶剂,蒸馏水为沉淀剂,采用溶液共混法制备出PVC／CA合金纳滤膜材料作为高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱填料。由HPLC实验给出的参考溶质的保留时间计算膜-液界面的溶质平衡分配系数K和界面水层体积Ks,探讨合金化前后聚氯乙烯膜材料界面性能及亲水性的变化,并测定了PVC／CA合金的极性(av)和非极性(am)参数。     

Comparison of Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia by Using Sulfonated Polysulfone and Nafion Membrane with Sm1.5Sr0.5NiO4

Polysulfone (PSF) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) were synthesized and characterized by IR spectrum. Sm_1.5Sr_0.5NiO₄ (SSN) and Ni‐Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_2?δ (Ni‐SDC, Ni‐samarium doped ceria) were prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ammonia was synthesized from wet hydrogen and dry nitrogen with applied voltage, using SSN as cathode, Ni‐SDC as anode, Nafion and SPSF as proton membrane respectively. The performances of Nafion and SPSF membranes in ammonia synthesis were investigated and compared at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (25–100°C). The results demonstrated that the proton conducting performances of Nafion and SPSF membranes were similar and the highest rates of evolution of ammonia were up to 1.05×10^?8 and 1.03×10^?8 mol·cm^?2·s^?1 respectively at 80°C and 2.5 V.     

内凝固浴组成对聚醚酰亚胺中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,水为外凝固浴,乙醇为内凝固浴,DMAc为内凝固浴添加剂,采用相转化法制备了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)中空纤维膜,研究了内凝固浴组成和纺丝液浓度对膜结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着内凝固浴中DMAc含量在一定范围内增加,纤维断面指状孔有所减少,内表面由无孔到有微孔出现,但膜的水通量下降,截留率不受影响;随着纺丝液浓度提高,膜的水通量下降,截留率提高。     

Effects of Inorganic Nano-Additives on Properties and Performance of Polymeric Membranes in Water Treatment

Separation using selective polymeric membranes has been well-established as an energy-efficient and cost-effective technology in water treatment and many other applications involving aqueous solutions. However, limited chemical, thermal, and mechanical resistances besides their tendency to fouling and inadequate pure water flux may often restrict their applications. To this end, inorganic materials as additives have been demonstrated to be able to enhance chemical, thermal, and fouling membrane resistances, which demonstrate their great potential for developing novel membranes by using them as additives in polymer matrices. Considering the excellent characteristics of the nanosized particles, this study reviews the effects of inorganic nano-additives on properties and performance of polymer/nanoparticle composite membranes. It has been demonstrated that using nanomaterials in a polymer matrix could enhance the mechanical strength and stiffness, wettability, selectivity, water permeability, and antifouling characteristics of the host polymer.     

电沉积条件对钴-锰合金结构和磁性能的影响

以柠檬酸为络合剂和硼酸为缓冲剂的酸性硫酸盐镀液中电沉积Co-Mn合金,循环伏安实验显示Co-Mn的起始共沉积电位约-1.282 V(vs.Hg-Hg2SO4 , sat.K2SO4)。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS) 、X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM) 研究了沉积条件对镀层结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明,Co-Mn镀层的组成受沉积条件影响较大;在镀液pH 4.0时,随着阴极电流密度从10 mA•cm-2增加到40 mA•cm-2,镀层中锰含量从0.3 at%增大到6.6 at%;镀层结构由hcp的固溶体转为fcc的固溶体;随着镀层中锰含量增加,膜的饱和磁化强度开始增大,然后降低,最大饱和磁化强度为1926.0 kA•m-1,膜的矫顽力在31.6 ~ 33.9 kA•m-1范围。