Superheavy fermions and horizontal symmetries

The mechanism which was formerly used to obtain neutrino masses is generalized to all light fermions. Correspondingly, several sets of superheavy fermions are introduced. Assignments under a horizontal symmetry group are arranged such that the heaviest among the light fermions acquire their masses, not from the ordinary Higgs-Yukawa couplings, but from couplings to the heavy fermions. Masses of the other light fermions are then obtained through horizontal gauge interactions. Accordingly, the resulting light fermion masses exhibit a hierarchical generation structure. Because of the construction, light Higgs fields do not induce dangerous flavor-changing neutral-current interactions.     

Starting earthquakes under horizontal action

The vector case of the static problem for semi-infinite lithospheric plates with rectilinear boundaries parallel to each other in two states is considered. In the first case, the distance between the plate ends is different from zero; in the second case, it is zero although the plates do not interact with each other. It is assumed that the horizontal actions on the plates (which, as is well known, move very slowly) are so strong that the vertical components of contact stresses can be neglected. In this work, it is shown that, even in this case, contact stresses at the edges of approaching plates acquire singular concentrations capable of leading to starting earthquakes. It has been shown that the theoretical calculation of the consequences of such earthquakes on the Earth’s surface yields a coincidence with their real consequences.     

Proton decay and horizontal symmetry

Proton decay can teach us about the so-called horizontal or family symmetry.     

Underground spherical gravitational wave detector

Recently significant advancements have been made towards the realization of a large spherical gravitational wave detector. Research and development activities have already begun in several countries. We present here the main features and capabilities of a spherical gravitational wave detector. In particular, we discuss the interaction between a spherical antenna and cosmic rays that may require a large detector to be placed underground.     

A horizontal model for neutrino mixing

We consider a horizontal SU(3)_H × SU(2)_L × U(1) model in which the large Majorana neutrino masses are associated with a large horizontal scale. We find that the charged lepton sector is responsible for the neutrino mixing which we calculate in the present model. We also find that the neutrino oscillation length is related to the horizontal scale.     

Off-centre impact on a horizontal fibre

Fibre filters that consist of a network of randomly oriented thin fibres are commonly used to recover the liquid phase from an aerosol. During the filtration process, drops of the aerosol impact the solid fibres of the filter. If the impact velocity is smaller than a threshold velocity V_c, the drop is entirely captured by the fibre whereas if the velocity is larger than V_c, only a small portion of fluid remains trapped on the solid fibre. While this threshold velocity has been determined when the impact is centred – i.e. when the trajectory of the drop and the axis of the fibre do intersect – fewer studies are related to off-centre impact. Here, we focus on the influence of the relative position of the drop and the fibre on the impact. For velocity larger than V_c, we vary the eccentricity and measure the ability of the fibre to retain the liquid phase. Quite surprisingly, we show that off-centre impact situation enhances the ability of the fibre to capture a portion of the drop.     

Roughness-trapped shear horizontal surface acoustic waves

Shear horizontal surface acoustic waves do not exist on the flat surface of a semi-infinite elastic medium. It has been shown by several authors recently that such waves can exist on a periodically corrugated, planar surface. We show here on the basis of the Rayleigh method that shear horizontal surface acoustic waves exist on a randomly rough planar surface of an isotropic elastic medium. These waves are only weakly localized to the surface and they have a lifetime that is long due to their roughness-induced scattering into other surface acoustic waves and into bulk waves.     

平抛运动演示装置

利用日常材料设计制作了平抛运动演示装置,该装置借助红色液体和工字钉能直观地显示液体的运动轨迹,再通过测量、计算即可证明平抛运动在竖直方向上为自由落体运动.     

Some consequences of global horizontal symmetry

It is pointed out that the present SU(3) _c ×SU(2) _L ×U(1) gauge interactions with three families have a global horizontal symmetry (denoted hereby SU(3) _H ) which is broken only by the weak charged hadron currentJ _h. Also, with (u, c), (d, s), (v _e, {ie437-1}) and (e ⁻,μ ⁻) as doublets of SU(2) _H (subgroup of SU(3) _H ),J _h has simple transformation properties under this subgroup. Amplitude relations, using SU(2) _H symmetry, for hadronic leptonic and semileptonic decays are given.     

水平轴倾斜的检测方法

对经纬仪的一个重要的系统误差一水平轴倾斜进行了分析,讨论了水平轴倾斜对经纬仪测角精度的影响。介绍了常用的水平轴倾斜检测方法,针对其局限性提出了一种新的基于莱卡经纬仪的水平轴倾斜检测方法。实验显示这种新方法具有通用性,且根据莱卡读数即可以轻易判断被测经纬仪的倾斜方向。最后,对两种方法的测量误差进行了比较,比较结果表明,新方法的测量误差源虽然比传统方法多,但由于莱卡经纬仪的各项精度指标都很高,故其测量误差〈4″,优于传统方法的测量精度。     

CP-violation from horizontal interactions

We consider a horizontal SU (3)_H × SU (2)_L × U (1) model in which the Cabibbo mixing and the CP-violation have common origin in the presence of the horizontal interactions. The measure of the CP-violation, which is found to be naturally small, is associated with the horizontal scale.     

Systematic study of horizontal gauge theories

We analyze all the possible continuous horizontal gauge groups G _H in relation with their possibility to explain m _b ? m _t. We assume that the only effective fermionic degrees of freedom correspond to the known fermions but allow the possibility of adding a right handed neutrino to each family. We assume that the Higgs fields which generate masses for these fermions, trough renormalizable Yukawa couplings, transform as an irreducible representation of SU(3)_c ? SU(2)_L ? U(1)_Y ? G_H. Under these assumptions we find two U(1)_H or U(1) _H1 ? U(1) _H2 models free of anomalies and able to guarantee that only the top has a renormalizable mass-generating Yukawa coupling.     

Determining horizontal symmetry from neutrino mixing

We argue that the best way to determine horizontal symmetry is from neutrino mixing and proceed to show that the only finite group capable of yielding the tribimaximal mixing for all Yukawa couplings is S4, or any group containing it. The method used is largely group theoretical, but it can be implemented by dynamical schemes in which the Higgs expectation values introduced to break S4 spontaneously are uniquely determined up to an unknown scale for each.     

Underground science initiatives at Los Alamos

Summary Recently, the Los Alamos National Laboratory has proposed two major new initiatives in underground science. Following the dissolution of the original gallium solar-neutrino collaboration, Los Alamos has formed a new North American collaboration. We briefly review the rationale for solar-neutrino research, outline the proposal and new Monte Carlo simulations, and describe the candidate locations for the experiment. Because there is no deep underground site in North America suitable for a dedicated permanent laboratory, Los Alamos has conducted a survey of possible sites and developed a proposal to create a new National Underground Science Facility. This paper also reviews that proposal.

---

Riassunto Recentemente il laboratorio nazionale di Los Alamos ha proposto due iniziative fondamentali nella scienza sotterranea. Dopo lo scioglimento dell'originaria collaborazione dei neutrini solari del gallio, Los Alamos ha formato una nuova collaborazione nordamericana. Si esaminano brevemente i fondamenti della ricerca sui neutrini solari, si delineano gli obbiettivi e le nuove simulazioni di Monte Carlo, e si descrivono le località scelte per l'esperimento. Poichè non c'è un posto situato a grande profondità nell'America del nord per un laboratorio permanente dedicato, Los Alamos ha eseguito una ricerca dei luoghi possibili ed ha messo a punto una proposta per creare una nuova National Underground Science Facility. In questo lavoro si esamina questa proposta.

---

Резюме Недавно в Национальной лаборатории в Лос Аламосе были предложены два больших новых проекта подземых исседований. После коллаборации по исследованию взаимодействия солнечных нейтрино с галлием, Лос Аламос организовал новую Северо-Американскую коллаборацию. В работе предлагается обзор по поиску солнечных нейтрино, описываются предложения и новые моделирования по методу Монте Карло. Предлагаются возможные нандидаты для местонахождения эксперимента. Так как в Северной Америке не существует глубоко под землей специалвной постоянной лаборатории, то Лас Аламос провел обследование возможных местоположений и разработал проект по созданию новой Национальной лаборатории подземных исследований. Предлагается обзор этого проекта.

     

Underground hadronic calorimeter for EAS studies

An innovative method for studying the properties of extensive air showers (EASes) that is based on the detection of thermal neutrons generated by high energy hadrons under a soil absorber of 500 g cm⁻² is proposed and tested. It is shown that underground hadronic calorimeter can be performed with special scintillation detectors developed by the authors. The method could be quite useful in gamma shower selection and investigations of EAS properties, primary cosmic ray mass composition, EAS core location, and so on.     

A horizontal Brazil-nut effect and its reverse

Transport effects in a monolayer consisting of a binary granular mixture, confined in a horizontally vibrating circular dish, are studied experimentally and compared with a reduced theoretical model. Depending on the ratio of the particles' material density and size, migration of the larger particles occurs either towards the boundary or to the center of the circular container. These directed motions show similarities to the Brazil-nut effect and its reverse form.     

关于水火箭水平射程的实验探究

介绍了自制水火箭及其发射装置的制作过程,探究了影响水火箭的水平射程的因素.在猜想假设、实验探究的基础上得出结论.     

空气中声源激发水下声场的水平纵向相关性

声场的空间相关特性是声场的重要特征,对水下探测、水声通讯等各种设备在实际海洋环境中应用的参数选择具有重要意义,是水声工程技术研究的重要基础之一。相比于水中声源激发声场的相关特性研究,空气中声源的相关研究很少。本文推导了空气中声源激发水下声场的水平纵向相关的简正波表达式,并通过数值仿真分析,比较了声源分别位于空气中和水中时水下声场的水平纵向相关特性。对南海海域进行的一次悬挂汽笛空气声源、海底水平阵接收信号海上实验获得的数据进行分析,结果表明:空气中声源位于不同距离时,其发射的声信号激发水下声场的水平纵向相关均存在明显的起伏结构,基于本文提出的空气中声源激发水下声场的水平纵向相关系数的简正波表达式能够较好地解释该现象.