Al–Pd–Mn icosahedral quasicrystal: deformation mechanisms in the brittle domain

The extreme brittleness of Al–Pd–Mn quasi-crystalline alloys over a wide range of temperatures drastically restricts investigation of their plastic deformation mechanisms over a small high-temperature regime. Recently, plastic deformation of Al–Pd–Mn quasicrystal has been achieved in the brittle domain (20?≤?T?≤?690°C) using specific deformation devices, which combined a uniaxial compression deformation or a shear deformation with a hydrostatic pressure confinement (0.35–5?GPa). Results of these experimental techniques, which provide various deformation conditions giving rise to a range of Al–Pd–Mn plastic features in the brittle domain, are discussed. On this basis, we propose that low and intermediate temperature plastic properties of Al–Pd–Mn are controlled by non-planar dislocation core extensions specific to the non-periodic structure.     

Solute Distribution within Rapidly Grown Fe-Co Single Phase

Rapid growth of Fe-Co single phase is accomplished by rapid solidification in a drop tube. （Fe, Co） grains are refined with the decrease of alloy droplet diameters. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicates that microsegregation in （Fe, Co） single phase becomes lower with the reduction of droplet diameters. The experimental results with theoretical calculation reveal that the microsegregation is efficiently suppressed with the increase of undercooling. The free energies of intrinsic segregation for Fe-30 wt.%Co, Fe-40 wt.%Co and Fe-50 wt, %Co alloys are -47.17, -27.57 and -6.57 kJ/mol, respectively. The dependence of free energy of segregation on composition and undercooling has been deduced.     

Surface Morphology of Deformed Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Materials and the Formation of Nanocrystals

The formation of nanocrystals under deformation in Al-, Fe-, and Co-based amorphous alloys are studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission and scanning microscopy methods. It is shown that the presence of shear bands in deformed amorphous alloys is an insufficient condition for nanocrystal formation. The presence of a large number of intersecting shear bands and an increase in the material temperature in the shear-band region in the case of intense plastic deformation contributes to nanocrystal formation.     

Crystallographic texture and microstructure evolution during hot compression of Ti–6Al–4V–0.1B alloy in the (α + β)-regime

Microstructure and texture are known to undergo drastic modifications due to trace hypoeutectic boron addition (~0.1 wt.%) for various titanium alloys e.g. Ti–6Al–4V. The deformation behaviour of such an alloy Ti–6Al–4V–0.1B is investigated in the (α?+?β) phase field and compared against that of the base alloy Ti–6Al–4V studied under selfsame conditions. The deformation microstructures for the two alloys display bending and kinking of α lamellae in near α and softening via globularization of α lamella in near β phase regimes, respectively. The transition temperature at which pure slip based deformation changes to softening is lower for the boron added alloy. The presence of TiB particles is largely held attributable for the early softening of Ti–6Al–4V–0.1B alloy. The compression texture of both the alloys carry signature of pure α phase defamation at lower temperature and α→β→α phase transformation near the β transus temperature. Texture is influenced by a complex interplay of the deformation and transformation processes in the intermediate temperature range. The contribution from phase transformation is prominent for Ti–6Al–4V–0.1B alloy at comparatively lower temperature.     

The Effect of Phase Transformations During Electrom-Beam 3D-Printing and Post-Built Heat Treatment on Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Additively Manufactured High Nitrogen Cr–Mn Steel

Russian Physics Journal - The phase composition, plastic deformation and fracture micromechanisms of Fe–(25–26)Cr–(5–12)Mn–0.15C–0.55N (wt.%) high-nitrogen...     

Mössbauer study of the polymorphism in iron and iron-nickel alloys under deformation and high pressure

Structural and phase transitions in iron and binary iron-nickel alloys containing 6–32 at % nickel have been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy in situ under quasi-hydrostatic compression and compression shear. It is shown that the deformation decreases the onset pressure of the α-phase transition to the high-pressure ∈ and γ phases. Shear changes the transformation mechanism due to the formation of a large number of structural defects; it is an independent parameter of the phase transition kinetics. Compression shear leads to an irregular change in the hyperfine parameters of the initial and newly formed phases, which is due to the stress relaxation as in the trip effect.     

Magnetic properties of high manganese aluminium austenitic steels

Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibilty measurements show that the Fe-(29–40)Mn-5Al austenitic alloys undergo an antiferromagnetic transformation similar to that observed in the Fe-(30-44)Mn austenitic steels. The Néel temperature,T_N,increases as a function of the Mn content (from 331K to 376K) while aluminium additions(5%wt.) induce a sharp decrease of T_N(–100K) but a small increase of the hyperfine field at OK (from 40 to 47 kOe for 34Mn alloys).     

Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of Fe-20 wt.% Cr ball milled alloy

Interesting differences were noticed in the alloying process during ball milling of Fe-10 wt.% Cr and Fe-20 wt.% Cr alloys by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. In both cases, there is almost no diffusion of Fe in Cr or vice versa up to 20 h of milling time. As the powders are milled for another 20 h substantive changes occur in the Mössbauer spectra showing atomic level mixing. But the two compositions behave differently with respect to alloying. Fe-20 wt.% Cr sample does not differ much in the hyperfine field distribution as it is milled from 40 to 100 h. On the other hand, the hyperfine field distribution keeps on changing with milling time for Fe-10 wt.% Cr sample even up to 100 h of milling. The average crystallite size is found to be 7.5 nm for Fe-10 wt.% Cr and 6.5 nm in Fe-20 wt.% Cr after milling.     

SiMn–Graphite composites as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Two Si–Mn–C composites were obtained by sequentially ball milling the mixture of the silicon and manganese powders (atomic ratio of 3:5), followed by addition of 20 wt.% and 10 wt.% graphite, respectively. The phase structure and morphology of the composite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electromicroscopy (SEM). The results of XRD show that there is no new alloy phase in the composite obtained by mechanical ball milling. SEM micrographs confirm that the particle size of the Si–Mn–C composite is about 0.5–2.0 μm and the addition of graphite restrains the morphological change of active center (Si) during cycling. The Si–Mn particles are dispersed among the carbon matrix homogeneously, which ensures a good electrical contact between the active particles. Electrochemical tests show that the Si–Mn–C composite achieves better reversible capacity and cycleability. The Si–Mn–20 wt.% C composite electrode annealed at 200 °C for 2 h reveals an initial reversible capacity of 463 mAh·g^− 1 and retains 387 mAh·g^− 1 after 40 cycles.     

V-Ta合金力学行为的计算与实验研究

用第一性原理方法计算V-Ta合金体系的弹性常数并对其力学性能进行评估.计算得到的杨氏模量、剪切模量、柯西压力及体模量与剪切模量等表明当合金中Ta的含量在10 wt.%左右时,合金具有较高的强度和良好的塑性.为了检验计算结果,合成了V-10 wt.%Ta,V-15 wt.%Ta,V-20 wt.%Ta等不同Ta含量体系,并对其力学性能进行表征,实验所得结果与计算相吻合,为通过计算设计合金提供了一种可行思路.     

Creep Behaviour of Fe-Mn Binary Alloys

Tensile creep behaviour of fine-grained Fe-Mn binary alloys containing 0.42-1.21 wt. % Mn has been investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 475K under 10-50 MPa. Tensile tests are carried out with a constant cross-head speed under uniaxial load at a strain rate 10^-4s^-1. Stress exponent and activation energy are determined to clarify deformation mechanism. The obtained variation of steady state creep rate with respect to the applied stress for Fe-Mn binary alloys exhibits two distinct regimes at about 20 MPa, indicating a possible change in creep mechanism. The average stress exponent is approximately 2.2, which is a characteristic of grain boundary sliding in the alloys. The activation energy for plastic flow varies from 135 to 92k J/mol, depending on the Mn content.     

Influence of the temperature and structural state on the systematic features of plastic deformation in Mo-Re-based alloys

The salient aspects of the formation of a dislocation structure during plastic deformation of the alloys Mo-47 wt. % Re and Mo-47 wt. % Re-1 vol. % ZrO₂ at T=300 K in previously recrystallized and polygonalized structural states have been studied with an electron microscope. The studies revealed the systematic features of rotational modes of plastic deformation in these alloys under conditions of substructural hardening and high-temperature grain-boundary slip. An analysis is made of the effect that the substructure and highly dispersed particles of the oxide phase have on the plastic deformation and mechanical properties of Mo-Re-based alloys at T=300-1500 K.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 96–104, December, 1994.     

Mössbauer effect in f.c.c. Fe-Ni-C alloys after the ultrasonic impact surface treatment

M?ssbauer spectroscopy was used for study of the f.c.c. Fe-30.5%Ni-1.5%C, Fe-30.0%Ni-1.3%C, Fe-30.1%Ni-0.44%Mn-1.22%C, Fe-30.3%Ni alloys after the heat treatment at 1373 K in vacuum and the impact ultrasonic surface treatment in vacuum. The vibration amplitude of the magnetostrictor-wave guide-sample system on the (1–3)kHz frequencies was 20 μm and 28 μm corresponding to the power of impacts of 2.4 and 4.7 J/s. In order to show the redistribution process of carbon under the treatment, the ageing of the Fe-30.0%Ni-1.3%C alloy was carried out at 773 K in vacuum. As shown, the ultrasonics of smaller power does not result in distinctive changes in the hyperfine magnetic structure and solid solution state. The increase of power of impacts does not change the phase composition of the alloys except the atomic redistribution in a solid solution varying the electron spin and charge densities on iron nuclei. The results were analyzed in comparison with the data derived after the low-frequency impact surface treatment. Presented at International Colloquium “M?ssbauer Spectroscopy in Materials Science”, Všemina, Czech Republic, June 1–4, 2004. The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (project #2412) and partially budget program supported this work.     

Distribution of Mn Atoms in a Substitutional bcc-FeMn Solid Solution

Hyperfine Interactions - We have taken conversion electron Mössbauer spectra to Fe–Mn alloys with 7.5, 10.5 and 13.7 wt.% Mn, that allowed us to obtain the relative fractions of the...     

Creep deformation of single crystals of new Co–Al–W-based alloys with fcc/L12 two-phase microstructures

The creep deformation behaviour of single crystals of Co–Al–W-based alloys with γ?+?γ′ two-phase microstructures has been investigated in tension under a constant stress of 137?MPa in air at 1000°C as a function of the γ′ solvus temperature and the volume fraction of the γ′ phase. When described by the creep strain rate versus time curve, the creep deformation of Co–Al–W-based alloys consists of transition and accelerating regions without a steady-state region, as observed in many modern nickel-based alloys. However, the creep strength of the present Co–Al–W-based alloys is comparable with nickel-based superalloys of the first generation but is much weaker than those of the second and higher generations. Unlike in nickel-based superalloys, the so-called p (parallel)-type raft structure, in which the γ′ phase is elongated along the tensile axis direction, is formed during creep in Co–Al–W-based alloys, being consistent with what is expected from the positive values of lattice misfit between the γ and γ′ phases. As a result, of the alloys investigated, the best creep properties are obtained with the alloy possessing the highest volume fraction (85%) of the γ′ phase, which is far larger than usual for nickel-based superalloys (55–60%).     

Compositional dependence of the deformation behaviour of ultrahigh-purity Ti–Al alloys

The present study is concerned with the effect of the O and Al concentrations on the deformation behaviour of ultrahigh-purity (UHP) Ti–(48,?50,?52)?at.%?Al alloys using UHP Ti with 30?wt?ppm?O. It has been shown that yield strength increases with increasing O content. Stoichiometric Ti–50?at.%?Al alloys had the lowest yield strength and the highest ductility when the O content was sufficiently low. It is suggested that the deformation mechanism of UHP binary Ti–Al is strongly related to the Al concentration. The deformation substructure of UHP Ti–48?at.%?Al is shown to be dominated by ordinary dislocation as well as deformation twinning and a small portion of superdislocations. The deformation substructure of UHP Ti–50?at.%?Al alloy was similar to that of Ti–48?at.%?Al, but deformation twinning was not observed. Most of dislocation structures of UHP Ti–52?at.%?Al alloy consisted of faulted dipoles. The major deformation mode of UHP Ti–48?at.%?Al and UHP Ti–50?at.%?Al alloys was ordinary dislocation in deformation orientation, which takes advantage of ordinary dislocation slip. However, the major deformation mode in this orientation for UHP Ti–52?at.%?Al alloys was superdislocation slip.     

ESCA studies of Si-Fe alloys

ESCA examination of films formed on Si-Fe alloys after immersion in 0.1 M NaCl for 24 h has hown that the thickness of passive films decreased with an increase in silicon content. A thick passive film containing oxidized silicon and oxidized iron was formed on Fe-20 wt% Si and the oxidized iron was about three times higher than the oxidized silicon in the passive film. However, an obvious reduction in the oxidized iron in the film on Fe-30 wt % Si was observed. Oxidized iron was detected up to a depth of 1.0 nm and at a depth greater than 1.0 nm from the surface, the film was exclusively in oxidized silicon. The film was exclusively silicon oxide when the silicon content was increased to 50 wt %. Electrochemical techniques according to ASTM G59 and ASTM G5 were used for the determination of the relative corrosion rate. Fe-50 wt % Si was found to have a corrosion rate smaller than those lower silicon alloys. This relates to the surface film composition and structure as determined by ESCA.     

Phase coexistence in mechanicallly alloyed iron–manganese powders

Iron–manganese alloys with Mn concentration of 6–30 at.% were prepared by mechanical alloying. Structure and phase composition of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mechanical alloying results in the formation of b.c.c. and f.c.c. solid solutions with high concentration of structure defects and refined grains. A single b.c.c. phase was observed in Fe–Mn alloys a Mn concentration less than ≤8 at.% and, for higher Mn contents, a mixture of b.c.c. and f.c.c. phases was observed. The main features of phase composition of as-prepared alloys consisted in significant widening of single phase concentration range.     

深过冷液态Al-Ni合金中枝晶与共晶生长机理

在自由落体条件下实现了液态Al-4 wt.%Ni亚共晶、Al-5.69 wt.%Ni共晶和Al-8 wt.%Ni过共晶合金的深过冷与快速凝固. 计算表明, (Al+Al₃Ni)规则纤维状共晶的共生区是4.8–15 wt.%Ni成分范围内不闭合区域, 且强烈偏向Al₃Ni相一侧. 实验发现, 随液滴直径的减小, 合金熔体冷却速率和过冷度增大, (Al)和Al₃Ni相枝晶与其共晶的竞争生长引发了Al-Ni 共晶型合金微观组织演化. 在快速凝固过程中, Al-4 wt.%Ni亚共晶合金发生完全溶质截留效应, 从而形成亚稳单相固溶体. 当过冷度超过58K时, Al-5.69 wt.%Ni 共晶合金呈现从纤维状共晶向初生(Al) 枝晶为主的亚共晶组织演变. 若过冷度连续增大, Al-8 wt.%Ni过共晶合金可以形成全部纤维状共晶组织, 并且最终演变为粒状共晶.     

Steady state creep during transformation in Cd-Zn alloys

Apparent steady-state creep of Cd-2 wt. % Zn and Cd-17·4 wt. %Zn alloys has been studied under different constant stresses ranging from 6·4 MPa to 12·7 MPa, near the transformation temperature of 483 K. The strain rate of the steady-state creep for both compositions has shown two temperature regions of deformation, the low-temperature region (below 483 K) and the high-temperature region above this temperature. The stress exponent m' was found to change from 4·7 to 2 for Cd-2 wt. % Zn and from 3·1 to 2·4 for Cd-17·4 wt. % Zn alloys. The activation energies in the temperature region below the transformation temperature have been found to be 84 kJ/mole for Cd-2 wt. % Zn and 70 kJ/mole for Cd-17·4 wt. % Zn alloys characterizing the mechanism of volume self-diffusion in Cd.