Infrared wave interaction with an electron in the rectangular and circular plasma waveguide

In this article, the effect of the electron collision frequency with background ions on TM mode field components, the trajectory, and the electron energy gain in interaction infrared radiation with collisional plasma is studied. The field components of the TM mode in the rectangular and circular collisional plasma waveguides are obtained. The deflection angle and acceleration gradient of an electron in the fields associated with a transverse magnetic (TM) wave propagating inside a plasma waveguide for TM mode is studied. The relativistic momentum and energy equations for an electron are solved, which was injected initially along the propagation direction of the infrared. The results for collisionless and collisional plasma are graphically represented. Finally, the results for rectangular and circular waveguides are compared.     

Magnetoacoustic solitons in pair-ion fullerene plasma

ABSTRACT

The propagation of magnetoacoustic (fast magnetohydrodynamic) waves in pair-ion (PI) fullerene plasma is studied in the linear and nonlinear regimes. The pair-ion (PI) fullerene plasma is theorized as homogeneous, magnetized, warm and collisionless. Employing multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamic model, the dispersion relation is obtained and wave dispersion effects which appear through ion inertial length are discussed. Using reductive perturbation technique (RPT), the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived and its solution for small but finite amplitude magnetoacoustic solitons propagating in the direction perpendicular to the external magnetic field is presented. The compressive magnetoacoustic soliton (i.e. positive potential pulse) propagating with super Alfvénic speed is obtained in magnetized PI fullerene plasma. The variations in the amplitude and width of the magnetoacoustic soliton structures are also illustrated by using numerical values of the plasma parameters such as ions' density, temperature difference between fullerene ions and magnetic field intensity, which have been taken from the PI plasma experiments already published in the literature.     

Saturation of relativistic Weibel instability and the formation of stationary current sheets in collisionless plasma

We have studied the features of formation and the possible stationary structures of a self-consistent magnetic field in a relativistic collisionless plasma, which are characteristic of a simple geometry of the Weibel instability that is well known in the nonrelativistic case. The universal condition is established, the growth rate is determined, and the criteria of saturation of the Weibel instability are analyzed for a broad class of anisotropic particle distribution functions (for definiteness, in application to an electron-positron plasma). A nonlinear equation of the Grad-Shafranov type describing the potential current structures is derived and its solutions are analytically studied. Special attention is paid to spatially harmonic, nonlinear current configurations with parameters determined by the properties of the initial homogeneous plasma subject to the Weibel instability. It is demonstrated that the magnetic field energy density in the obtained solutions (both harmonic and nonharmonic) can be comparable with the kinetic energy density of plasma particles.     

Temperature gradients in fast collisionless magnetic reconnection

Temperature gradients are shown to deform and shift the magnetic islands that grow during fast collisionless reconnection when electron inertia decouples the plasma motion from the magnetic field. A kinetic electron model describes the collisionless processes during the reconnection of field lines originating in regions with different temperatures. Using a novel model of the reconnecting instability as a surface mode, the kinetic effects are treated analytically in the linear and nonlinear stages of the instability of a current-carrying low-beta plasma slab in a strong magnetic guide field.     

钡和铯释放的电离层扰动效应对比

碱金属或碱土金属在电离层释放后,迅速在太阳辐射作用下发生光电离,产生正离子和电子,形成人工等离子体云团.本文基于三维双成分流体模型,考虑释放区域水平风场的影响,探讨了钡和铯在电离层释放后的时空演化规律,并对钡和铯的电离层扰动效应进行了对比.模拟结果表明,不考虑中性风场时,生成的等离子体云团逐渐沿磁场被拉伸成椭球形结构,同时,膨胀的等离子体云会推开背景氧离子,在释放中心形成氧离子密度空洞,并在两侧产生两个对称的密度尖峰;水平风场的存在会使得生成的离子云逆风侧的密度梯度变陡,释放物质对背景氧离子的扰动也更大;对比钡与铯的释放结果发现,由于铯的扩散系数较小,钡云的膨胀更为迅速,Ba+云团的覆盖区域更广;而由于光电离率较大,释放相同质量下铯的离子产率更高;此外,Cs+的扫雪机效应比Ba+扫雪机更强,氧离子密度空穴和凸起处的扰动也更大.     

Plasma motion in a filtered cathodic vacuum arc

A model is proposed for the flow of a plasma originating from a cathodic vacuum arc into a curvilinear magnetic field. The model gives good agreement with measurements obtained from a filtered cathodic-arc thin film deposition system. The important parameters involved in the motion of a vacuum arc plasma beam through a magnetic filter are examined. The analysis is based on the use of the guiding center approximation to describe the motion of the charged particles produced in the plasma where the thermal energy is negligible compared to the mass flow energy. Electron-ion collision effects are included within the framework of the drift model. It is shown that under the limiting condition of a collision frequency which is much higher than the cyclotron frequency of the electron, the motion of the plasma ions around the bend becomes independent of the magnetic field, with the number of ions traversing the filter significantly reduced. However, in the collisionless plasma case (cyclotron frequency higher than the collision frequency), the model predicts a square-law relationship between ion-saturation current and magnetic field , I_p ∞B²     

Potential of the test particle in the magnetic field II

The potential of the test particle in an external homogeneous magnetic field is studied for the collisionless magnetized plasma. It is shown for the case when the parallel velocity component of the test particle is greater than the thermal velocity of the background particles that the test particle potential has a Coulomb character. The test particle Larmor radius and the cyclotron and plasma frequencies of the background particles appear as additional parameters in this potential. When the parallel velocity component of the test particle is, on the contrary, small compared with the thermal velocity of the background particles, the potential has a rather complicated form. In the first approximation this potential is of a Debye character with the test particle Larmor radius as an additional parameter.     

Merging of super-Alfvénic current filaments during collisionless Weibel instability of relativistic electron beams

The theoretical framework predicting the long-term evolution, structure, and coalescence energetics of current filaments during the Weibel instability of an electron beam in a collisionless plasma is developed. We emphasize the nonlinear stage of the instability, during which the beam density of filaments increases to the background ion density, and the ambient plasma electrons are fully expelled from the filaments. Our analytic and numerical results demonstrate that the beam filaments can carry super-Alfvénic currents and develop hollow-current density profiles. This explains why the initially increasing magnetic field energy eventually decreases during the late stage of the instability.     

Stationary collisionless shock waves in an initial plasma with high ion temperature

Stationary collisonless shock waves propagating perpendicularly to an initial magnetic field are produced by the fast-rising magnetic field \((\dot B = 7 \cdot 10^{10} G/sec)\) of a theta pinch (coil diameter 16 cm, coil length 60 cm). The initial plasma is produced by a fast theta pinch discharge (810 kHz). At filling pressures between 5 and 15 mtorr H₂ or D₂ the degree of ionization is about 50%. By choosing the filling pressure properly it is possible to trap a homogeneous magnetic field. The ions of this plasma have a temperature of a few 10 eV. This value is much higher than the electron temperature and results in a local plasmaβ between 0.3 and 5. In this initial plasma stationary collisionless shock waves with Mach numbers between 1.5 and 5 are observed. The snow-plough model is used to derive conditions for the stationary state, attainable Mach number, and velocity of the front which relate the external magnetic field and the parameters of the initial plasma. Strong collisionless dissipation can be demonstrated by measuring the profiles of magnetic field, density, and electron temperature of the shock waves. For the electrons this dissipation mechanism can be described by an effective collison frequency. This phenomenologically introduced frequency determines the width of the shock front at least for subcritical shock waves. It exceeds the classical electron-ion collision frequency by 1–2 orders of magnitude and is roughly equal to one-third of the ion plasma frequency. The ion temperature can be estimated from the steady state conservation relations. The ions are heated in the two degrees of freedom perpendicular to the magnetic field. For shock waves with Mach numbers below the critical one the ions seem to be heated merely adiabatically. In strong shock waves this heating is considerably exceeded, and for high Mach numbers it yields ion temperatures up to about 500 eV. Finally, semi-empirical formulas are derived to estimate the possible temperatures of electrons and ions behind the shock front.     

Laboratory Simulation of the Dynamics of a Dense Plasma Cloud Expanding in a Magnetized Background Plasma on a Krot Large-Scale Device

The first experimental results on the dynamics of a plasma cloud produced by a miniature coaxial gun in a magnetized background plasma have been reported. The record dimension of the plasma in the Krot device, which is more than 1 m across a magnetic field, has allowed the first implementation of the regime of “unbounded” background plasma, which is optimal for the simulation of astro- and geophysical phenomena. In the sub-Alfvénic regime of cloud expansion, a set of characteristic effects has been demonstrated, including the formation of a diamagnetic cavity, deceleration of ions of the cloud by the background plasma, and development of high-frequency instability at the edge of the cloud.     

Gluon transport equations,plasma oscillations,and screening

The gluon transport equations (Phys. Lett. 177B (1986) 402) are reconsidered to derive a consistent semiclassical limit. Introducing the color current of gluon fluctuations around a classical mean field, we calculate the color permeability function of a collisionless gluon plasma in linear response approximation. The dispersion relations and electric screening length agree with one-loop high temperature QCD results. We find no magnetic screening atO(g ²) and predict transverse magnetic plasma oscillations similar to electric ones. The extension to include particle production by a mean color field is shortly described.     

高能等离子体入射对磁场膨胀影响的模拟研究（已撤稿）

采用三维模型，使用混合网格质点法对等离子体入射偶极子磁场产生的磁场膨胀进行数值模拟.在模拟中考虑了高能等离子体注入两种不同类型磁场的情况：等离子体注入没有背景磁场的偶极子磁场和等离子体注入有背景磁场的偶极子磁场.研究表明背景磁场的存在不仅改变了粒子的分布，还改变了磁场膨胀的程度.还研究了注入的高能等离子体的速度对磁场膨胀的影响，结果表明入射的高能等离子体速度越大，磁场膨胀的程度就越大.对于低的入射速度，入射粒子在偶极子磁场中的回旋半径与偶极子磁场的特征长度相比较小，粒子被磁场束缚，对偶极子磁场的影响可以忽 关键词： 网格质点法 磁场膨胀 偶极子磁场     

Ion acceleration by superintense laser pulses in plasmas

Ion acceleration by petawatt laser radiation in underdense and overdense plasmas is studied with 2D3V-PIC (Particle in Cell) numerical simulations. These simulations show that the laser pulse drills a channel through the plasma slab, and electrons and ions expand in vacuum. Fast electrons escape first from the electron-ion cloud. Later, ions gain a high energy on account of the Coulomb explosion of the cloud and the inductive electric field which appears due to fast change of the magnetic field generated by the laser pulse. Similarly, when a superintense laser pulse interacts with a thin slab of overdense plasma, its ponderomotive pressure blows all the electrons away from a finite-diameter spot on the slab. Then, due to the Coulomb explosion, ions gain an energy as high as 1 GeV. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 70, No. 2, 80–86 (25 July 1999) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

Mikhel’son effect in a plasma

An analysis is made of the parametric frequency shift of an electromagnetic wave traveling in a plasma (isotropic collisionless, isotropic collisional, and magnetized collisionless) with time-varying parameters (Mikhel’son effect). Different situations corresponding to the growth of plasma concentration, a change of collision frequency, and a change of magnetic field are considered.     

Comparison of the directional characteristics of swift ion excitation for two small biomolecules: glycine and alanine

The characteristics of ions that enter the plasma sheath with an oblique incident angle have been investigated in the presence of an external magnetic field. The ion dynamics in a collisional and collisionless magnetized plasma sheath have been numerically calculated by using a fluid model. Several values for the ion velocity at the sheath edge, orientation and strength of the magnetic field and the ion-neutral collision frequency have been considered. The results show that in a collisionless magnetized plasma sheath, the behaviour of ions that obliquely enter the sheath with some specific velocities at the sheath edge and at some specific orientations and strengths of magnetic field, is more complicated than that of ions with normal entrance angles. For the oblique entrance of ions, the weak magnetic fields cause some fluctuations in ion velocity around its boundary value, i.e. the ion velocity does not accelerate. However, the numerical calculations show that the ion dynamics in a collisional magnetized plasma sheath are the same for both normal and inclined entrance of ions into the sheath.     

Influence of the Background Gas Pressure on the Expansion of the Arc-Cathode Plasma

Experimental evidence is presented for the effect of the background gas on the expansion of the metallic plasma cloud produced at the cathode spot of an arc (50 A, 25-300 ?s, 0-50 torr He) with or without an applied magnetic field (850 G). Streak and frame high-speed photography and electrostatic probes were used. It appears that the background gas is swept up by the expanding plasma slowing it down. A snow-plow model is derived which accounts satisfactorily for the results.     

The kinetic theory of magnetic-field generation in a Langmuir plasma

We develop a two-timescale kinetic theory for the nonlinear generation process for a slow-timescale magnetic field in a hot collisionless Langmuir plasma. We show that the basic damping of this magnetic field is due to the collisionless skin effect.     

等离子体融断开关磁场Hall渗透机制的模拟研究

 利用自行研制的2-1/2维全电磁柱坐标粒子模拟程序对等离子体融断开关磁场渗透机制进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明在磁场Hall渗透机制特征长度远远小于等离子体离子的无碰撞趋肤深度的条件下,等离子体内部磁场渗透过程主要由电子流体运动的Hall项来控制。对于等离子体空间分布存在较大的密度梯度的物理问题,必须考虑二维空间特性对磁场渗透速度的影响。在磁场已渗透经过的等离子体区域中,等离子体呈现非电中性,离子受静电场的作用会加速运动到达阴极,最终形成真空鞘层。     

Growth of a laser ripple in a magnetoplasma and its effect on plasma wave excitation

Summary This paper presents an investigation of the growth of a radially symmetrical ripple, superimposed on a Gaussian laser beam in a collisionless magnetoplasma. The effect of the magnetic field and the intensity of the laser on the growth of the ripple is presented in some detail. The effect of the presence of the ripple on the excitation of an electron plasma wave is also investigated. Coupling of a weak plasma wave with the main laser beam is through the modified background density. The combined effect of increased intensity of the laser beam and magnetic field is observed to suppress the growth of the ripple as well as the excitation of the plasma wave. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Coupling between global geometry and the local hall effect leading to reconnection-layer symmetry breaking

The coupling between the global reconnection geometry and the local microphysics, caused by the Hall effect, is studied during counterhelicity plasma merging in the magnetic reconnection experiment. The structure of the reconnection layer is significantly modified by reversing the sign of the toroidal fields, which affects the manifestation of the Hall effect in the collisionless regime. The local two-fluids physics changes the global boundary conditions, and this combination effect consequently provides different reconnection rates, magnetic field structure, and plasma flow patterns for two different counterhelicity merging cases in the collisionless regime.