Construction and Characterization of a Beet Stem Based Biosensor for Oxalate

Abstract

This report describes the construction and characterization of an oxalate-sensing electrode. The electrode is based on the incorporation of ground beet stem into the graphite paste of a graphite paste electrode. The hydrogen peroxide generated by enzymatic degradation of oxalate is monitored at a working voltage of 0.900 V vs SCE. All measurements were conducted in a succinic acid/EDTA buffer at pH 4.00. Under these conditions, the electrodes exhibit reproducible responses to oxalate. The lower limit of oxalate detection was less than 1.03 × 10^?4 M. The time to achieve a steady state response after exposure to a step change in oxalate concentration in solution is less than one minute. The magnitude of response to oxalate over the oxalate concentrations studied varies among several electrode tested as does the degree of linearity of response. An electrode studied still exhibited analytically useful responses to oxalate on the 15th day of its use. The beet stem-based electrodes display little response to glycolic acid, glucose, DL-valine, or pyruvate.     

一种基于壳聚糖固定葡萄糖氧化酶的葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

本文选用生物相容性好的壳聚糖作为基体材料，使其与戊二醛交联成网状结构包埋葡萄糖氧化酶制成电化学传感器。这种壳聚糖膜不仅可以减小葡萄糖氧化酶的流失，而且能为酶提供了适宜的微环境。用红外光谱、紫外光谱及透射电镜对膜的形态和性质进行了表征。实验结果表明该传感器具有很快的响应速度，很好的稳定性和重现性，能选择性地催化葡萄糖并测定其浓度。该传感器的制备方法简单，成本低，于冰箱中放置两周信号保持在90％以上，对葡萄糖测量的线性范围为1×10^-5 - 3.4×10^-3mol•L^-1，当信噪比为3:1时检测限为5×10^-6mol•L^-1。     

壳聚糖固定化葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器测定葡萄糖的含量

应用壳聚糖将葡萄糖氧化酶固定于鸡蛋膜上,结合氧电极制得葡萄糖传感器.实验表明,壳聚糖比戊二醛能更好地固定葡萄糖氧化酶,最佳条件为壳聚糖浓度0.3%、固定化酶量0.8 mg、 pH 7.0、缓冲溶液浓度300 mmol/L和温度25 ℃.本葡萄糖传感器的线性范围为0.016～1.10 mmol/L;检出限为8.0 μmol/L(S/N=3), 响应时间<60 s,有很好的稳定性,寿命>3个月.同一个传感器重复使用以及同方法制作的不同传感器之间都有很好的重现性,RSD分别为2.5%(n=10)和4.7%(n=4).实际样品中可能存在的烟酰胺、 VB6、 VB12、 VE、Ca2+、 Mg2+、 K+和Zn2+等对葡萄糖的测定不产生干扰.本传感器已成功地应用于市售饮料中葡萄糖含量的测定.     

流动注射化学发光植物组织传感器测定草酸盐

草酸是尿道结石主要成因之一 .统计结果表明 ,90 %以上结石均含草酸钙 .回肠病、口角性肠胃炎及脂肪吸收不良均可引起尿液中草酸的增加 .草酸盐的测定在临床上具有重要意义 .微量草酸测定的传统方法是变色酸比色法或偶氮化合物比色法[1 ] .测定草酸盐的方法还有原子吸收光谱法[2 ] 、高效液相色谱法[3] 、离子色谱法[4] 、光度法[5] 和草酸氧化酶法[6] 等 .这些方法或操作复杂、耗时 ,或灵敏度低 ,使其应用受到限制 .本文提出一种测定草酸盐的新方法 ,其原理为草酸 +Ｏ2草酸氧化酶 ＣＯ2 +Ｈ2 Ｏ2 ,Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ+Ｈ2 Ｏ2 ｈｖ　　将含有草…     

A Novel Biomolecular Immobilization Matrix Based on Nanoporous ZnO／Chitosan Composite Film for Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

The performance of an enzyme electrode often depends on the method of enzyme immobilization when fabricating biosensors1. Therefore, the technique used to immobilize the enzyme is one of the key factors in developing a reliable biosensor. Organic-inorganic composite (or hybrid) materials have emerged in recent years. It combines the physicochemical attributes of components and improves their features. Organic components benefit the formation of defect-free inorganic membranes and make it less …     

聚吡咯固定胆固醇氧化酶/普鲁士蓝安培传感器的研制

利用电聚合吡咯的方法将胆固醇氧化酶固定在普鲁士蓝 (PB)修饰玻碳电极表面 ,制成了一种新型胆固醇安培传感器。PB膜修饰电极催化过氧化氢电还原 ,于 0V(vs.Ag ACl)产生灵敏还原峰 ,利用安培法可对胆固醇进行间接测定。胆固醇的测定范围为 0～ 2× 10 - 4mol L ,检出限为 6× 10 - 7mol L ,灵敏度较当前胆固醇传感器有明显的提高。同时该传感器对胆固醇的测定避免了常规电化学传感器测定中样品所含大量的易氧化物质带来的干扰     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮固定辣根过氧化物酶的过氧化氢生物传感器

用一种新型的壳聚糖(CS)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)复合膜在玻碳电极(GCE)上固定辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)。以乙二醛作交联剂,二茂铁(Fc)作媒介体,制备过氧化氢生物传感器。红外光谱表明:CS与PVP交联形成了一种新的高聚物,实验结果证明该聚合物适合辣根过氧化物酶的固定。该传感器对于H2O2的电流响应在5 s内即可达到最大,线性范围为6.0×10-6~1.7×10-4mol/L;检出限为2.5×10-6mol/L。该传感器的检测灵敏度为62.5μA/mmol/L。     

Prussian Blue Modified Amperometric Hg2+ Ion Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Inhibition

In this research a Hg²⁺ ion biosensor was developed by combining Prussian blue (PB) with glucose oxidase (GOx) – an enzyme that can be inhibited by Hg²⁺ ions. An application of PB in the design of Hg²⁺ ion biosensor enabled detecting changes in hydrogen peroxide reduction current at low operational potential of 0.2 vs Ag|AgCl,KCl_sat. The described Hg²⁺ ion biosensor exhibited wide linear range from 27 μM to 247 μM of Hg²⁺ and higher maximal detectable concentration of Hg²⁺ than other GOx inhibition-based biosensors, making it convenient for the analysis of samples with high concentration of Hg²⁺ ions.     

蜘蛛丝素和聚乙烯醇固定葡萄糖氧化酶 制备葡萄糖传感器

用蜘蛛丝素和聚乙烯醇的混合材料把葡萄糖氧化酶固定在氧电极表面,制成葡萄糖氧化酶电极。传感器对葡萄糖有灵敏的响应,平均响应时间为20s,电位变化值与葡萄糖浓度在3.0×10     

以四硫富瓦烯为电子媒介体的电流式葡萄糖传感器

用四硫富瓦烯作为酶与电极之间的电子传递体，通过Ｎａｆｉｏｎ水溶液把葡萄糖氧化酶固定在Ｎａｆｉｏｎ－ＴＴＦ修饰玻碳电极上，最后在电极上装饰一层Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜，制备成葡萄糖传感器。Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜不仅能防止四硫富瓦烯流失，而且能把抗坏血酸、尿酸等电活性物质阻挡在电极外，防止其干扰，同时具有防污性能。通过实验表明ＴＴＦ＾＋１、ＴＴＴ＾＋２都能够氧化葡萄糖氧化酶中的辅酶。该传感器的线性范围为３．０×１０＾－     

壳聚糖在分析化学中的应用

壳聚糖因其特有的理化性质,被广泛应用于化学的各个领域。本文对其在分析化学领域的研究和应用进行了综述。引用文献43篇。     

Construction of an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor by Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Nanocomposite at the Surface of FTO Electrode

Fluorine? tin oxide (FTO) nanostructure was developed on the surface of a glass plate using spray payroliziz method. A new electrochemical biosensor was fabricated based on a layer by layer process. In this process chitosan? Fe₃O₄ (CH? Fe₃O₄) nanocomposite film was prepared at the surface of FTO electrode by dip? coating method. In the next step, the glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the CH? Fe₃O₄/FTO nanocomposite electrode. The GOx/CH? Fe₃O₄/FTO bioelectrode has a linear range of 10–270 µM and a detection limit of 5 µM. The highest sensitivity was obtained at 1.2 µA mM^?1 cm^?2.     

基于金纳米棒-壳聚糖复合膜的葡萄糖生物传感器

本文采用金纳米棒-壳聚糖复合膜固定葡萄糖氧化酶构建电流型葡萄糖生物传感器.通过电化学交流阻抗法和循环伏安法对酶膜状态进行了表征,得到了相应的等效电路和动力学参数.实验结果表明,金纳米棒-壳聚糖复合膜可以辅助电子传递,提高电极的电流响应,并使生物传感器的使用温度范围有很大的扩展.此传感器表现出对葡萄糖溶液浓度的优良响应,线性范围在2.78×10^-5mol/L—2.22×10^-3mol/L,响应灵敏度约为7.819μA·cm^-2(mmol/L)^-1,表观米氏常数为10mmol/L.本工作还研究了温度和溶液pH值对电极电流响应的影响.     

Immune Complex of Banana Oxalate Oxidase: Use in Quantitation of Urinary Oxalate

Abstract

Oxalate oxidase (oxalate:oxygen oxidoreauctase, FC 1.2.3.4), isolated from ripe banana peel was precipitated by rat antiserum. Compared with native enzyme, this immune complex possessed higher specific activity, greater stability, broader pH range for optimal activity and higher resistance to thermal and heavy metal inactivation. These improved characteristics of the immune complex make it ideally suited for its use in the determination of urinary oxalate. A simple method of determining oxalate in urine samples, using this preparation is described.     

基于壳聚糖膜固定双酶的胆碱传感器的研究

提出了一种基于壳聚糖膜固定辣根过氧化物酶 胆碱氧化酶的胆碱传感器的制备方法。该传感器以电聚合于玻碳电极的硫堇作为电子传递介体,在pH6. 8,外加电压-0. 2V(vs.SCE)条件下,其峰电流与浓度范围 5. 0×10-5 ~3. 0×10-3 mol/L的胆碱呈良好的线性响应;检出限为 1. 0×10-5 mol/L。传感器有良好的选择性和稳定性,使用一月后,仍能保持其初始活性的 80%。     

壳聚糖预分离富集-离子色谱法测定痕量草酸根

本文通过壳聚糖(CTS)对水样中草酸根的预富集,利用离子色谱作为检测手段,建立了测定痕量草酸根的新方法。研究了CTS对C2O42-的吸附行为,考察了吸附时间、CTS用量、共存离子等对吸附率的影响。结果表明:在pH=3.0时,CTS对C2O42-的吸附率最大,可达100%;吸附后的C2O42-用0.1 mol/L的NaOH即可定量解吸,解吸率为96%;C2O42-的检出限为4.3μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7%(n=6)。CTS对C2O42-的等温吸附特性符合Langmuir方程,其饱和吸附量为194.0 mg/g。本方法用于水样中C2O42-的测定,结果满意。     

Amperometric Study of Au‐Colloid Function on Xanthine Biosensor Based on Xanthine Oxidase Immobilized in Polypyrrole Layer

Four kinds of xanthine oxidase (XOD) based amperometric biosensors were fabricated and their analytical performances were compared. Polypyrrole (PPY)/XOD biosensor was constructed by electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole in the solution containing xanthine oxidase and pyrrole in this paper. Colloidal Au was then immobilized on the biosensor. On the other hand, electron mediator, Prussian Blue (PB), was deposited on the electrode before the immobilization of PPY/XOD to enhance electron‐transfer rate and current response. The results showed that PPY/XOD, PPY/XOD/Au‐colloid, PB/PPY/XOD and PB/PPY/XOD/Au‐colloid biosensors exhibit good response to xanthine in 1×10^?6 M and 2×10^?5 M and Michaelis‐Menten constants (K_m) of these biosensors were 242.2, 113.4, 144.5, 43.2 μmol?L^?1, respectively. The dependence of current responses with applied voltages was discussed, and different mechanisms of these biosensors were discussed. It has been found that colloidal Au can enhance the current response at the same concentration of xanthine solution and decrease the energy‐barrier of electron‐transfer reaction on the electrode.     

Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on the Deposition of Copper and Glucose Oxidase onto Glassy Carbon Transducer

ABSTRACT

The performance of a first generation glucose amperometric biosensor based on the entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx) within a net of copper electrodeposited onto activated glassy carbon electrode, is described. The copper electrodeposited offers an efficient electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of enzymatically-liberated hydrogen peroxide, allowing for a fast and sensitive glucose quantification. The influence of the electrodeposition conditions (pH, potential, time, copper salt and enzyme concentrations) on the response of the bioelectrode was evaluated from the amperometric signals of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. The combination of copper electrodeposition with a nation membrane allows an excellent selectivity towards easily oxidizable compounds such as uric and ascorbic acids at an operating potential of -0.050 V. The response is linear up to 2.0 × 10^?2 M glucose, the detection limit being 1.2 × 10^?3 M.     

基于铁氰酸镍修饰的双酶电流型胆碱传感器的研究

提出了一种以电沉积铁氰酸镍(NiHCF)无机膜为介体的胆碱传感器的制备方法。该传感器以壳聚糖为酶固定基质,用戊二醛作交联剂分别固定辣根过氧化物酶和胆碱氧化酶。该传感器在pH6.8,外加电压-0.1V条件下,对2.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol/L的胆碱呈良好的线性响应,检出限为5.0×10-6mol/L。传感器有良好的选择性和稳定性,使用1个月后,仍能保持其初始活性的75%。