Achievable sum‐rate maximization using relay/antenna selection for MIMO two‐way AF relaying with channel uncertainties

This paper focuses on the layered relay‐and‐antenna selection (LRAS) for achievable sum‐rate (ASR) maximization while considering the impacts of residual self‐interference due to channel estimation errors in multiple‐input multiple‐output two‐way amplify‐and‐forward relaying systems. Two LRAS algorithms, namely, the Gram–Schmidt and the adaptive discrete stochastic approximation selection techniques, are investigated based on the ASR maximization under an equal power allocation. To alleviate the complexity burden of the LRAS strategies, the optimal relay and the subset of transmit‐and‐receive antenna pairs are determined by a two‐stage selection mechanism. By taking two LRAS strategies and correlated channel uncertainties into account, the development of a two‐way multiple‐input multiple‐output multi‐amplify‐and‐forward‐relay system is able to provide improved robustness against the channel state information mismatch and the residual self‐interference. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of achievable sum‐rate for downlink massive MIMO systems

Massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) has been recognized as a promising technology in the fifth‐generation wireless networks. Under perfect channel state information, we derive three tractable closed‐form expressions that corresponding to the lower bound, approximation, and upper bound on the achievable rate in a massive MIMO downlink system with maximum‐ratio transmission precoding. Based on the proposed closed‐form expressions, the power efficiency of the system is investigated as the number of transmit antennas increases. Simulation results demonstrate the tightness of our proposed closed‐form expressions for the achievable sum‐rate.     

大规模MIMO相关信道下的联合天线分组和天线选择

在大规模多输入多输出系统中,针对密集部署的大型天线阵列之间的强相关性会抑制天线选择增益效果的问题。在系统下行链路场景下建立空间相关信道模型,提出了基于天线分组的天线选择算法。根据瞬时信道相关矩阵将天线阵列划分为若干组,保证各组内天线之间相关性较强。在完成天线分组的基础上,基于信道矩阵列范数准则在各组发射天线与接收天线之间构成的子信道矩阵中选择天线,进而构造有效发射天线与接收天线之间的信道矩阵。仿真分析了所提天线选择算法对系统遍历和速率的影响,结果表明,在基站天线数为32、接收天线数为2、选择天线数为2、天线相关因子为0.9的假设下,当信噪比为10 dB时,与基于相邻天线分组的天线选择算法相比,所提算法使系统和速率约提高了27.5%,且所提算法若要与最优天线选择算法达到相同的和速率,仅需将其信噪比提升1～2 dB即可。     

上行多用户MIMO系统中的用户与天线联合选择方案

在多用户MIMO系统中,基站所能同时进行通信的用户数受到基站和用户端天线数的限制,随着用户数的增加,系统的性能反而会降低,因此,用户选择技术就成为一种改善系统性能的有效技术.在本文中,针对上行多用户MIMO系统提出了一种低复杂度的用户选择算法.为获得更大的系统性能,在用户选择的基础上,进一步提出了一种用户与天线联合选择算法.这两种算法在极大地简化计算复杂度的条件下,提供了与最优算法几乎相同的性能.     

Soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receiver with MMSE channel estimation under correlated Rician fading MIMO channels

For wireless multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) communications systems, both channel estimation error and spatial channel correlation should be considered when designing an effective signal detection system. In this paper, we propose a new soft‐output MMSE based Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space‐Time (V‐BLAST) receiver for spatially‐correlated Rician fading MIMO channels. In this novel receiver, not only the channel estimation errors and channel correlation but also the residual interference cancellation errors are taken into consideration in the computation of the MMSE filter and the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) of each coded bit. More importantly, our proposed receiver generalizes all existing soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receivers, in the sense that, previously proposed soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receivers can be derived as the reduced forms of our receiver when the above three considered factors are partially or fully simplified. Simulation results show that the proposed soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receiver outperforms the existing receivers with a considerable gain in terms of bit‐error‐rate (BER) performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

信道老化时高速移动大规模MIMO上行系统的性能分析

针对高速移动场景下大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)上行通信系统,推导了时变莱斯衰落信道中信道老化时大规模MIMO上行通信系统的可达和速率表达式,并且分析了信道老化对系统功率缩放准则的影响.理论分析与仿真结果表明,在时变莱斯信道中,每个用户的发送功率按照1/M进行缩放,信道老化仅会引起系统可达和速率的降低,而莱斯因子对系统可达和速率及功率缩放准则均有影响,且信道老化对系统可达和速率的影响较莱斯因子的影响可以忽略不计.     

Cross‐layer design for MIMO systems over spatially correlated and keyhole Nakagami‐m fading channels

Cross‐layer design is a generic designation for a set of efficient adaptive transmission schemes, across multiple layers of the protocol stack, that are aimed at enhancing the spectral efficiency and increasing the transmission reliability of wireless communication systems. In this paper, one such cross‐layer design scheme that combines physical layer adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) with link layer truncated automatic repeat request (T‐ARQ) is proposed for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems employing orthogonal space‐‐time block coding (OSTBC). The performance of the proposed cross‐layer design is evaluated in terms of achievable average spectral efficiency (ASE), average packet loss rate (PLR) and outage probability, for which analytical expressions are derived, considering transmission over two types of MIMO fading channels, namely, spatially correlated Nakagami‐m fading channels and keyhole Nakagami‐m fading channels. Furthermore, the effects of the maximum number of ARQ retransmissions, numbers of transmit and receive antennas, Nakagami fading parameter and spatial correlation parameters, are studied and discussed based on numerical results and comparisons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Outage and ergodic sum‐rate performance of cooperative MIMO‐NOMA with imperfect CSI and SIC

In this paper, we examine a half‐duplex cooperative multiple‐input multiple‐output non‐orthogonal multiple access system with imperfect channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancelation. The base station (BS) and mobile users with multi‐antenna communicate by the assistance of a CSI based or fixed gain amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay with a single antenna. The diversity schemes, transmit antenna selection, and maximal ratio combining are applied at the BS and mobile users, respectively. We study the system performance in terms of outage probability (OP) and ergodic sum‐rate. Accordingly, the exact OP expressions are first derived jointly for the CSI based and fixed gain AF relay cases in Nakagami‐m fading channels. Next, the corresponding lower and upper bound expressions of the OP are obtained. The high signal‐to‐noise ratio analyses are also carried out to demonstrate the error floor value resulted in the practical case and achievable diversity order and array gain in the ideal case. Moreover, the lower and upper bounds of the ergodic sum‐rate expressions are derived together for the CSI based and fixed gain AF relay cases. Finally, the Monte‐Carlo simulations are used to verify the correctness of the analytical results.     

Mobile‐to‐mobile MIMO transmit–receive diversity systems: analysis and performance in three‐dimensional double‐correlated channels

Mobile‐to‐mobile (M‐to‐M) communications are expected to play a crucial role in future wireless systems and networks. In this paper, we consider M‐to‐M multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) maximal ratio combining system and assess its performance in spatially correlated channels. The analysis assumes double‐correlated Rayleigh‐and‐Lognormal fading channels and is performed in terms of average symbol error probability, outage probability, and ergodic capacity. To obtain the receive and transmit spatial correlation functions needed for the performance analysis, we used a three‐dimensional (3D) M‐to‐M MIMO channel model, which takes into account the effects of fast fading and shadowing. The expressions for the considered metrics are derived as a function of the average signal‐to‐noise ratio per receive antenna in closed‐form and are further approximated using the recursive adaptive Simpson quadrature method. Numerical results are provided to show the effects of system parameters, such as distance between antenna elements, maximum elevation angle of scatterers, orientation angle of antenna array in the x–y plane, angle between the x–y plane and the antenna array orientation, and degree of scattering in the x–y plane, on the system performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dual‐polarized MIMO antenna system for WiFi and LTE wireless access point applications

In this paper, a dual‐polarized multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system suitable for indoor wireless access point is proposed. The presented MIMO antenna system consists of two coplanar‐waveguide‐fed monopole antennas with orthogonally polarized modes. According to the closely spaced structure of the MIMO antenna system, the mutual coupling between the ports is a big challenge. Therefore, a new structure of parasitic element is introduced in order to improve the mutual coupling between the ports. For the purpose of validating the simulated results, the antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured; the comparison of the results shows that there is an acceptable agreement between the measurement and simulation results. The proposed design covers the frequency bands of WiFi (2.4 GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (2.3 and 2.5 GHz), and Long‐Term Evolution (LTE; 1.5 and 2.6 GHz) applications with a reflection coefficient less than −10 dB and a mutual coupling coefficient better than −15 dB. The MIMO antenna system provides an envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.15, polarization diversity gain more than 9.985 dB, and quasi‐omnidirectional pattern within the expected frequency band. In addition, LTE downlink throughput measurements show that the proposed antenna system delivers data rates close to the theoretical maximum for quadrature phase shift keying, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64‐QAM modulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二进制猫群算法在大规模MIMO天线选择中的应用

在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,天线选择技术平衡了系统的性能和硬件开销,但大规模MI-MO系统收发端天线选择复杂度问题一直没有得到很好的解决.基于信道容量最大化的准则,采用两个二进制编码字符串分别表示发射端和接收端天线被选择的状态,提出将二进制猫群算法(BCSO)应用于多天线选择中,以MIMO系统信道容量公式作为猫群的适应度函数,将收发端天线选择问题转化为猫群的位置寻优过程.建立了基于BCSO的天线选择模型,给出了算法的实现步骤.仿真结果表明所提算法较之于基于矩阵简化的方法、粒子优化算法具有更好的收敛性和较低的计算复杂度,选择后的系统信道容量接近于最优算法,非常适用于联合收发端天线选择的大规模MIMO系统中.     

Cooperative power allocation with partial channel information in multi‐cell multi‐user dual‐hop MIMO relay systems

This paper considers cooperative power allocation with the use of partial channel state information (CSI) in a multi‐user dual‐hop relay system with multiple antennas. The end‐to‐end capacity can be improved by dynamically allocating the transmit power of the base station and relay according to co‐channel interference caused by the adjacent relays. The proposed scheme allocates the transmit power in association with the eigenvalues and angle difference between the eigenvectors of transmit correlation matrices of the desired and interference channel. It is shown by means of upper‐bound analysis that the end‐to‐end capacity of the proposed scheme can be maximized in highly correlated channel environments when the principal eigenvectors of transmit correlation matrices of the desired and interference channel are orthogonal to each other. It is also shown that the proposed scheme is robust to the channel estimation error. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is verified by the computer simulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of MIMO DUCA multiple antenna system

A MIMO multi-antenna system of compact double uniform circular array (DUCA) in three dimensional direc-tional frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel was analyzed and investigated. Equivalent network model of MIMO multi-antenna array considering MC effect was established, general expressions of correlations were derived and the relationship between correlations with and without MC was classfied. Then, the results were compared with general uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform circular array (UCA). It was concluded that the deployment of antennas plays a decisive role in correlations between antennas. The research has a good sense on designation of spatial massive MIMO multi-antenna array and system optimization.     

QoS‐Guaranteed Multiuser Scheduling in MIMO Broadcast Channels

This paper proposes a new multiuser scheduling algorithm that can simultaneously support a variety of different quality‐of‐service (QoS) user groups while satisfying fairness among users in the same QoS group in MIMO broadcast channels. Toward this goal, the proposed algorithm consists of two parts: a QoS‐aware fair (QF) scheduling within a QoS group and an antenna trade‐off scheme between different QoS groups. The proposed QF scheduling algorithm finds a user set from a certain QoS group which can satisfy the fairness among users in terms of throughput or delay. The antenna trade‐off scheme can minimize the QoS violations of a higher priority user group by trading off the number of transmit antennas allocated to different QoS groups. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed QF scheduling method satisfies different types of fairness among users and can adjust the degree of fairness among them. The antenna trade‐off scheme combined with QF scheduling can improve the probability of QoS‐guaranteed transmission when supporting different QoS groups.     

Performance analysis of uplink spatial multiplexing MIMO MT‐CDMA over multipath fading channels

In this paper, we consider multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) multi‐tone code division multiple access (MT‐CDMA) uplink transmission over multipath fading channels. The zero‐forcing vertical Bell Laboratories layered space‐time architecture (ZF V‐BLAST) algorithm and maximum ratio combining scheme are applied at the receiver. The average bit error rate (BER) expression is derived provided that the number of receive antennas is not less than that of transmit antennas. The BER expression is verified by simulations. Numerical results show that the numbers of transmit and receive antennas have significant effects on the BER performance of the considered system. Spatial and path diversity show different capabilities to improve the BER performance. The MIMO MT‐CDMA system based on the ZF V‐BLAST algorithm is capable of achieving a better BER performance and a higher capacity than the conventional MT‐CDMA system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transmit antenna selection of correlated MIMO multiuser cognitive radio networks in Nakagami‐m fading channels

In this paper, we examine the impact of antenna correlation on transmit antenna selection with receive maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) in multiple‐input multiple‐output multiuser underlay cognitive radio network (MIMO‐MCN) over a Nakagami‐m fading environment. The secondary network under consideration consists of a single source and M destinations equipped with multiple correlated antennas at each node. The primary network composed of L primary users, each of which is equipped with multiple correlated antennas. For the considered underlay spectrum sharing paradigm, the transmission power of the proposed secondary system is limited by the peak interference limit on the primary network and the maximum transmission power at the secondary network. In particular, we derive exact closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and average symbol error rate of the proposed secondary system. To gain further insights, simple asymptotic closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate are provided to obtain the achievable diversity order and coding gain of the system. In addition, the impact of antenna correlation on the secondary user ergodic capacity has been investigated by deriving closed‐form expressions for the secondary user capacity. The derived analytical formulas herein are supported by numerical and simulation results to clarify the main contributions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分布式天线系统中的系统下行误符号率分析

首先建立了包含快衰落、阴影衰落和路径损耗的复合衰落信道模型,对分布式天线采用覆盖式（BT）传输策略,推导出给定移动台位置的小区下行点对点链路误符号率表达式.并在高信噪比条件下,通过给出移动台在小区的任意分布图,推导出小区下行平均误符号率的近似闭合表达式.仿真结果表明,所推导的近似表达式可很好地反应系统的实际性能.     

Evolution from symbol‐level space–time coded MIMO to chip‐level space–time coded MIMO: a review

Space–time coded multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology is an important technique that improves the performance of wireless communication systems significantly without consuming bandwidth resource. This paper first discusses the characteristics and limitations of traditional symbol‐level space–time coding schemes, which work largely on the basis of an assumption that signals are sent to a block‐fading channel. Therefore, the symbol‐level space–time coding schemes rely on symbol‐level signal processing. Taking advantage of orthogonal complementary codes, we propose a novel MIMO scheme, in this paper, based on chip‐level space–time coding that is different from the traditional symbol‐level space–time coding. With the help of space–time–frequency complementary coding and multicarrier modem, the proposed scheme is able to achieve multipath interference‐free and multiuser interference‐free communications with simple a correlator detector. The proposed chip‐level space–time coded MIMO works well even in a fast fading channel in addition to its flexibility to achieve diversity and multiplexing gains simultaneously in varying channel environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation Models for Investigation of Multiuser Scheduling in MIMO Broadcast Channels

Spatial correlation is a result of insufficient antenna spacing among multiple antenna elements, while temporal correlation is caused by Doppler spread. This paper compares the effect of spatial and temporal correlation in order to investigate the performance of multiuser scheduling algorithms in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) broadcast channels. This comparison includes the effect on the ergodic capacity, on fairness among users, and on the sum‐rate capacity of a multiuser scheduling algorithm utilizing statistical channel state information in spatio‐temporally correlated MIMO broadcast channels. Numerical results demonstrate that temporal correlation is more meaningful than spatial correlation in view of the multiuser scheduling algorithm in MIMO broadcast channels. Indeed, the multiuser scheduling algorithm can reduce the effect of the Doppler spread if it exploits the information of temporal correlation appropriately. However, the effect of spatial correlation can be minimized if the antenna spacing is sufficient in rich scattering MIMO channels regardless of the multiuser scheduling algorithm used.     

和速率约束下衰落高斯MIMO广播信道的和功率优化

 本文研究了在系统和速率一定的条件下有着高斯噪声的衰落MIMO广播信道和功率最小化问题.该问题通常存在于无线通信系统动态资源分配中,是和功率约束下衰落MIMO下行链路和速率最大化的互补问题.首先利用MIMO MAC和MIMO BC的对偶性,将问题描述和转化为凸最优化问题,在此基础上,利用子梯度法和二分法,设计了相应的快速迭代的多用户注水算法,用于计算基站的发射功率.理论分析和数值仿真结果表明,该算法全局有效地收敛于最小的和功率.