共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 228 毫秒
1.
The purpose of this study is to implement a new analytical method which is a combination of the homotopy analysis method (HAM)
and the Padé approximant for solving magnetohydrodynamic boundary-layer flow. The solution is compared with the numerical
solution. Comparisons between the HAM–Padé and the numerical solution reveal that the new technique is a promising tool for
solving MHD boundary-layer equations. The effects of the various parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are presented
graphically form. Favorable comparisons with previously published works (Crane, J. Appl. Math. Phys. 21:645–647, 1970, and Vajravelu and Hadjinicolaou, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 35:1237–1244, 1997) are obtained. It is predicted that HAM–Padé can have wide application in engineering problems (especially for boundary-layer
and natural convection problems). 相似文献
2.
The present paper deals with the prediction of three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer in rib-roughened ducts of square
cross-section, which are either stationary, or rotate in orthogonal mode. The main objective is to assess how a recently developed
variant of a cubic non-linear k−ε model (proposed by Craft et al. Flow Turbul Combust 63:59–80, 1999) can predict three-dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics through stationary and rotating ribbed ducts. The present
paper discusses turbulent air flow and heat transfer through two different configurations, namely: (I) a stationary square
duct with “in-line” normal and (II) a square duct with normal ribs in a “staggered” arrangement under stationary and rotating
conditions, with the axis of rotation normal to the flow direction and parallel to the ribs. In this paper the flow and thermal
predictions of the linear k−ε model (EVM) are also included, as a set of baseline predictions. The mean flow predictions show that both linear and non-linear
k−ε models can successfully reproduce most of the measured data for stream-wise and cross-stream velocity components. Moreover,
the non-linear model is able to produce better results for the turbulent stresses. The heat transfer predictions show that
both EVM and NLEVM2, the more recent variant of the non-linear k−ε, with the algebraic length-scale correction term, overestimate the measured Nusselt numbers for both geometries examined.
While the EVM with the differential length-scale correction term underestimates heat transfer levels, the Nusselt number predictions
with the NLEVM2 and the ‘NYP’ term are in close agreements with the measured data. Comparisons with our earlier work, Iacovides
and Raisee (Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 20:320–328, 1999), show that the NLEVM2 thermal predictions are of similar quality to those of a second-moment closure. 相似文献
3.
This paper is motivated by the works of Dickinson et al. (Science 284:1954–1960, 1999) and Sun and Tang (J Exp Biol 205:55–70, 2002) which provided two different perspectives on the influence of wing–wake interaction (or wake capture) on lift generation
during flapping motion. Dickinson et al. (Science 284:1954–1960, 1999) hypothesize that wake capture is responsible for the additional lift generated at the early phase of each stroke, while Sun
and Tang (J Exp Biol 205:55–70, 2002) believe otherwise. Here, we take a more fundamental approach to study the effect of wing–wake interaction on the aerodynamic
force generation by carrying out simultaneous force and flow field measurements on a two-dimensional wing subjected to two
different types of motion. In one of the motions, the wing at a fixed angle of attack was made to follow a motion profile
described by “acceleration-constant velocity-deceleration”. Here, the wing was first linearly accelerated from rest to a predetermined
maximum velocity and remains at that speed for set duration before linearly decelerating to a stop. The acceleration and deceleration
phase each accounted for only 10% of the stroke, and the stroke covered a total distance of three chord lengths. In another
motion, the wing was subjected to the same above-mentioned movement, but in a back and forth manner over twenty strokes. Results
show that there are two possible outcomes of wing–wake interaction. The first outcome occurs when the wing encounters a pair
of counter-rotating wake vortices on the reverse stroke, and the induced velocity of these vortices impinges directly on the
windward side of the wing, resulting in a higher oncoming flow to the wing, which translates into a higher lift. Another outcome
is when the wing encounters one vortex on the reverse stroke, and the close proximity of this vortex to the windward surface
of the wing, coupled with the vortex suction effect (caused by low pressure region at the center of the vortex), causes the
net force on the wing to decrease momentarily. These results suggest that wing–wake interaction does not always lead to lift
enhancement, and it can also cause lift reduction. As to which outcome prevails depend very much on the flapping motion and
the timing of the reverse stroke. 相似文献
4.
The velocity field and skin friction distribution around a row of five jets issuing into a crossflow from short (L/D ≃ 1) pipes inclined by 35° with respect to the streamwise direction, (i.e., “short holes”) are presented for two different
jet supply flow directions. Velocity was measured using PIV, while the skin friction was measured with oil-film interferometry.
The flow features are compared with previously published data for jets issuing through holes oriented normal to the crossflow
and with numerical simulations of similar geometries. The distinguishing features of the flow field include a reduced recirculation
region in comparison to the 90° case and markedly different in-hole flow physics. The jetting process caused by in-hole separations
force the bulk of the jet fluid to issue from the leading half of the streamwise-angled injection hole, as previously reported
by Brundage et al. (Tech Rep ASME 99-GT-35, 1999) and predicted by Walters and Leylek (ASME J Turbomach 122:101–112, 2000). The flow structure impacts the skin friction distribution around the holes, resulting in higher near-hole shear stress
for a counter-flow supply plenum (jet fluid supplied by a high speed plenum flowing opposite to the free stream direction).
In contrast, the counter-flow supply plenum was previously found to have the lowest near-hole wall shear stress for normal
injection holes (Peterson and Plesniak in Exp Fluids 37:497–503, 2004b). Streamwise-angled injection generally reduces the near-hole skin friction due to the reduced jet trajectory resulting from
the lower wall-normal jet momentum. Far downstream, the skin friction distributions are similar for the two injection angle
cases. 相似文献
5.
Concerning to the non-stationary Navier–Stokes flow with a nonzero constant velocity at infinity, just a few results have
been obtained, while most of the results are for the flow with the zero velocity at infinity. The temporal stability of stationary
solutions for the Navier–Stokes flow with a nonzero constant velocity at infinity has been studied by Enomoto and Shibata
(J Math Fluid Mech 7:339–367, 2005), in L
p
spaces for p ≥ 3. In this article, we first extend their result to the case
\frac32 < p{\frac{3}{2} < p} by modifying the method in Bae and Jin (J Math Fluid Mech 10:423–433, 2008) that was used to obtain weighted estimates for the Navier–Stokes flow with the zero velocity at infinity. Then, by using
our generalized temporal estimates we obtain the weighted stability of stationary solutions for the Navier–Stokes flow with
a nonzero velocity at infinity. 相似文献
6.
The turbulence structure near a wall is a very active subject of research and a key to the understanding and modeling of this
flow. Many researchers have worked on this subject since the fifties Hama et al. (J Appl Phys 28:388–394, 1957). One way to study this organization consists of computing the spatial two-point correlations. Stanislas et al. (C R Acad
Sci Paris 327(2b):55–61, 1999) and Kahler (Exp Fluids 36:114–130, 2004) showed that double spatial correlations can be computed from stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) fields and can
lead to a better understanding of the turbulent flow organization. The limitation is that the correlation is only computed
in the PIV plane. The idea of the present paper is to propose a new method based on a specific stereoscopic PIV experiment
that allows the computation of the full 3D spatial correlation tensor. The results obtained are validated by comparison with
2D computation from SPIV. They are in very good agreement with the results of Ganapthisubramani et al. (J Fluid Mech 524:57–80,
2005a). 相似文献
7.
A. Marshall P. Venkateswaran D. Noble J. Seitzman T. Lieuwen 《Experiments in fluids》2011,51(3):611-620
Experimental turbulent combustion studies require systems that can simulate the turbulence intensities [u′/U
0 ~ 20–30% (Koutmos and McGuirk in Exp Fluids 7(5):344–354, 1989)] and operating conditions of real systems. Furthermore, it is important to have systems where turbulence intensity can be
varied independently of mean flow velocity, as quantities such as turbulent flame speed and turbulent flame brush thickness
exhibit complex and not yet fully understood dependencies upon both U
0 and u′. Finally, high pressure operation in a highly pre-heated environment requires systems that can be sealed, withstand high
gas temperatures, and have remotely variable turbulence intensity that does not require system shut down and disassembly.
This paper describes the development and characterization of a variable turbulence generation system for turbulent combustion
studies. The system is capable of a wide range of turbulence intensities (10–30%) and turbulent Reynolds numbers (140–2,200)
over a range of flow velocities. An important aspect of this system is the ability to vary the turbulence intensity remotely,
without changing the mean flow velocity. This system is similar to the turbulence generators described by Videto and Santavicca
(Combust Sci Technol 76(1):159–164, 1991) and Coppola and Gomez (Exp Therm Fluid Sci 33(7):1037–1048, 2009), where variable blockage ratio slots are located upstream of a contoured nozzle. Vortical structures from the slots impinge
on the walls of the contoured nozzle to produce fine-scale turbulence. The flow field was characterized for two nozzle diameters
using three-component Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and hotwire anemometry for mean flow velocities from 4 to 50 m/s. This
paper describes the key design features of the system, as well as the variation of mean and RMS velocity, integral length
scales, and spectra with nozzle diameter, flow velocity, and turbulence generator blockage ratio. 相似文献
8.
A thre-dimensional direct numerical simulation is combined with a laboratory study to describe the turbulent flow in an enclosed
annular rotor-stator cavity characterized by a large aspect ratio G = (b − a)/h = 18.32 and a small radius ratio a/b = 0.152, where a and b are the inner and outer radii of the rotating disk and h is the interdisk spacing. The rotation rate Ω considered is equivalent to the rotational Reynolds number Re = Ωb
2/ν= 9 .5 × 104 (ν the kinematic viscosity of water). This corresponds to a value at which experiment has revealed that the stator boundary
layer is turbulent, whereas the rotor boundary layer is still laminar. Comparisons of the computed solution with velocity
measurements have given good agreement for the mean and turbulent fields. The results enhance evidence of weak turbulence
by comparing the turbulence properties with available data in the literature (Lygren and Andersson, J Fluid Mech 426:297–326,
2001). An approximately self-similar boundary layer behavior is observed along the stator. The wall-normal variations of the structural
parameter and of characteristic angles confirm that this boundary layer is three-dimensional. A quadrant analysis (Kang et
al., Phys Fluids 10:2315–2322, 1998) of conditionally averaged velocities shows that the asymmetries obtained are dominated by Reynolds stress-producing events
in the stator boundary layer. Moreover, Case 1 vortices (with a positive wall induced velocity) are found to be the major
source of generation of special strong events, in agreement with the conclusions of Lygren and Andersson (J Fluid Mech 426:297–326,
2001). 相似文献
9.
10.
Astigmatism or wavefront deformation, microscopic particle tracking velocimetry (A-μPTV) (Chen et al. in Exp Fluids 47:849–863,
2009; Cierpka et al. in Meas Sci Technol 21:045401, 2010b) is a method to determine the complete 3D3C velocity field in micro-fluidic devices with a single camera. By using an intrinsic
calibration procedure that enables a robust and precise calibration on the basis of the measured data itself (Cierpka et al.
in Meas Sci Technol 22:015401, doi:, 2011), accurate results without errors due to spatial averaging or bias due to the depth of correlation can be obtained. This
method takes all image aberrations into account, allows for the use of the whole CCD sensor, and is easy to apply without
expert knowledge. In this paper, a comparative study is presented to assess the uncertainties of two state-of-the-art methods
for 3C3D velocity field measurements in microscopic flows: stereoscopic micro-particle image velocimetry (S-μPIV) and astigmatism
micro-particle tracking velocimetry (A-μPTV). First, the main parameters affecting all methods’ measurement uncertainty are
identified, described, and quantified. Second, the test case of the flow over a backward-facing step is analyzed using all
methods. For comparison, standard 2D2C μPIV measurements and numerical flow simulations are shown as well. Advantages and
disadvantages of both methods are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Large polymer filaments can form when drag reducing polymers are injected through wall slots. The presence of these structures enhances the performance of the drag reducing function by mechanisms which are not understood. This paper shows how particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques can be used to study changes in the configuration of the injected polymer and in the structure of the velocity field with increasing drag reduction. The filaments are found to behave as solid bodies which break up in high shear regions close to a boundary. The breakup process provides an explanation of why the filaments are not observed close to a wall and offers the possibility of providing a heterogeneous distribution of small aggregates of polymers which could be more effective than uniformly distributed molecules as suggested by Hoyer and Gyr (J Non-Newton Fluid Mech 65:221–240, 1996; J Fluids Eng 120:818–823, 1998), Dunlop and Cox (Phys Fluids 20:203–213, 1977) and Vlachogiannis et al. (Phys Fluid 15:3786–3794, 2004). PIV measurements show dramatic qualitative changes in the velocity patterns at maximum drag reduction. 相似文献
12.
The adverse pressure gradient induced by a surface-mounted obstacle in a turbulent boundary layer causes the approaching flow
to separate and form a dynamically rich horseshoe vortex system (HSV) in the junction of the obstacle with the wall. The Reynolds
number of the flow (Re) is one of the important parameters that control the rich coherent dynamics of the vortex, which are known to give rise to
low-frequency, bimodal fluctuations of the velocity field (Devenport and Simpson, J Fluid Mech 210:23–55, 1990; Paik et al., Phys Fluids 19:045107, 2007). We carry out detached eddy simulations (DES) of the flow past a circular cylinder mounted on a rectangular channel for
Re = 2.0 × 104 and 3.9 × 104 (Dargahi, Exp Fluids 8:1–12, 1989) in order to systematically investigate the effect of the Reynolds number on the HSV dynamics. The computed results are compared
with each other and with previous experimental and computational results for a related junction flow at a much higher Reynolds
number (Re = 1.15 × 105) (Devenport and Simpson, J Fluid Mech 210:23–55, 1990; Paik et al., Phys Fluids 19:045107, 2007). The computed results reveal significant variations with Re in terms of the mean-flow quantities, turbulence statistics, and the coherent dynamics of the turbulent HSV. For Re = 2.0 × 104 the HSV system consists of a large number of necklace-type vortices that are shed periodically at higher frequencies than
those observed in the Re = 3.9 × 104 case. For this latter case the number of large-scale vortical structures that comprise the instantaneous HSV system is reduced
significantly and the flow dynamics becomes quasi-periodic. For both cases, we show that the instantaneous flowfields are
dominated by eruptions of wall-generated vorticity associated with the growth of hairpin vortices that wrap around and disorganize
the primary HSV system. The intensity and frequency of these eruptions, however, appears to diminish rapidly with decreasing
Re. In the high Re case the HSV system consists of a single, highly energetic, large-scale necklace vortex that is aperiodically disorganized
by the growth of the hairpin mode. Regardless of the Re, we find pockets in the junction region within which the histograms of velocity fluctuations are bimodal as has also been
observed in several previous experimental studies. 相似文献
13.
The boundary layer problem of a power-law fluid flow with fluid injection on a wedge whose surface is moving with a constant
velocity in the opposite direction to that of the uniform mainstream is analyzed. The free stream velocity, the injection
velocity at the surface, moving velocity of the wedge surface, the wedge angle and the power law index of non-Newtonian fluid
are assumed variables. The fourth order Runge–Kutta method modified by Gill is used to solve the non-dimensional boundary
layer equations for non-Newtonian flow field. Without fluid injection, for every angle of wedge β, a limiting value for velocity ratio λ
cr
(velocity of the wedge surface/velocity of the uniform flow) is found for each power-law index n. The value of λ
cr
increases with the increasing wedge angle β. The value of wedge angle also restricts the physical characteristics of the fluid to be used. The effects of the different
parameters on velocity profile and on skin friction are studied and the drag reduction is discussed. In case of C = 2.5 and velocity ratio λ = 0.2 for wedge angle β = 0.5 with the fluid with power law-index n = 0.5, 48.8% drag reduction is obtained. 相似文献
14.
The full energy dissipation rate and enstrophy are measured simultaneously using a probe consisting of four X-wires in the
intermediate region of a cylinder wake for Taylor microscale Reynolds number in the range of 120–320. Longitudinal and transverse
velocity increments are also obtained temporally using Taylor’s hypothesis. The inertial range scaling exponents indicate
that the full enstrophy field has a stronger intermittency than does the full dissipation field for all the Reynolds numbers
considered. The approximations of the energy dissipation rate and enstrophy based on isotropy are more intermittent than their
corresponding true values. While the scaling exponents of the full energy dissipation rate remain approximately constant for
different Reynolds numbers, those of the enstrophy decrease slightly and consistently with the increase of Reynolds number.
It is conjectured that the scaling of the energy dissipation rate and the enstrophy may be the same when Reynolds number is
extremely high, a trend that is consistent with that suggested by Nelkin (Phys Fluids 11:2202–2204, 1999; Am J Phys 68:310–318, 2000). 相似文献
15.
An experimental investigation of swirl atomizer sprays 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In our previous studies (Chu et al. in Heat Mass Transf 43(11):1213–1224, 2007), a theoretical model of swirl atomizers was successfully established. From the analysis, the equations for the droplet size,
velocity components, the boundary layer thickness and the spray cone angle were deduced based on the fundamental governing
equations. The purpose of this study is to further compare the experimental result with the theoretical one already gained
by a satisfactory embodiment of series of experiments. The aim is to corroborate the analytical results of the influence of
atomizer construction and controlled pressure difference on typical swirl chambers. The results provide the droplet diameter
as a function of pressure difference, swirl atomizer geometry, flow rate, spray cone angle. The experimental outputs also
show a good confirmation of theoretical results and can also be used for further optimization on existing swirl chambers.
Based on the results obtained, an optimization methodology on characteristics of swirl atomizers is proposed with the adjustment
of individual design parameter and the matching flow number. 相似文献
16.
Incompressible 3-D DNS is performed in non-decaying turbulence with single step chemistry to validate a new analytical expression
for turbulent burning velocity. The proposed expression is given as a sum of laminar and turbulent contributions, the latter
of which is given as a product of turbulent diffusivity in unburned gas and inverse scale of wrinkling at the leading edge.
The bending behavior of U
T at higher u′ was successfully reproduced by the proposed expression. It is due to decrease in the inverse scale of wrinkling at the leading
edge, which is related with an asymmetric profile of FSD with increasing u′. Good agreement is achieved between the analytical expression and the turbulent burning velocities from DNS throughout the
wrinkled, corrugated and thin reaction zone regimes. Results show consistent behavior with most experimental correlations
in literature including those by Bradley et al. (Philos Trans R Soc Lond A 338:359–387, 1992), Peters (J Fluid Mech 384:107–132, 1999) and Lipatnikov et al. (Progr Energ Combust Sci 28:1–74, 2002). 相似文献
17.
We study the shear problem for nematic polymers as modeled by the molecular kinetic theory of Doi (1981), focusing on the anomalous slow flow regime. We provide the kinetic phase diagram of monodomain (MD) attractors and phase transitions vs normalized nematic concentration (N) and weak normalized shear rate (Peclet number, Pe). We then overlay all rheological features typically reported in experiments: alignment properties, normal stress differences and shear stress. These features play a critical role in the synthesis between theory and experiment for nematic polymers (Larson 1999; Doi and Edwards 1986). MD type is routinely used for rheological shear characterization: cf., flow-aligning 5CB (Mather et al. 1996a), tumbling PBT (Srinivasarao and Berry 1991), and 8CB (Mather et al. 1996b), evidence for a wagging regime (Mewis et al. 1997), out-of-plane kayaking modes (Larson and Ottinger 1991), and evidence for chaotic major director dynamics (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2000). MD transitions correlate with sign changes in normal stresses (Larson and Ottinger 1991; Magda et al. 1991; Kiss and Porter 1978, 1980). Furthermore, structure formation in shear devices appears to be correlated with monodomain precursor dynamics (Tan and Berry 2003; Forest et al. 2002a). In this paper we combine seminal kinetic theory results (Kuzuu and Doi 1983, 1984; Larson 1990; Larson and Ottinger 1991; Faraoni et al. 1999; Grosso et al. 2001), symmetry observations (Forest et al. 2002b), and mesoscopic results on the fate of orientational degeneracy in weak shear (Forest and Wang 2003; Forest et al. 2003a), together with our resolved numerical simulations, to provide the kinetic flow-phase diagram of Doi theory in the weak shear regime, 0<Pe<1, for infinitely thin rods. We report the "birth" of key rheological features at the onset of flow: sign changes and local maxima and minima in normal stress differences (N1 and N2) associated with MD transitions. These results serve as the basis for continuation of the kinetic phase diagram to Pe>1 ; as the definitive benchmark for any mesoscopic or continuum model; and experimental data can be compared in order to determine accuracy and limitations of the Doi theory in weak shear. 相似文献
18.
This paper is dedicated to the study of viscous compressible barotropic fluids in dimension N ≧ 2. We address the question of the global existence of strong solutions for initial data close to a constant state having
critical Besov regularity. First, this article shows the recent results of Charve and Danchin (Arch Ration Mech Anal 198(1):233–271, 2010) and Chen et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 63:1173–1224, 2010) with a new proof. Our result relies on a new a priori estimate for the velocity that we derive via the intermediary of the effective velocity, which allows us to cancel out the coupling between the density and the velocity as in Haspot (Well-posedness in critical spaces for barotropic viscous fluids, 2009). Second, we improve the results of Charve and Danchin (2010) and Chen et al. (2010) by adding as in Charve and Danchin (2010) some regularity on the initial data in low frequencies. In this case we obtain global strong solutions for a class of large
initial data which rely on the results of Hoff (Arch Rational Mech Anal 139:303–354, 1997), Hoff (Commun Pure Appl Math 55(11):1365–1407, 2002), and Hoff (J Math Fluid Mech 7(3):315–338, 2005) and those of Charve and Danchin (2010) and Chen et al. (2010). We conclude by generalizing these results for general viscosity coefficients. 相似文献
19.
Inverse dynamics of a general model of a spherical star-triangle (SST) parallel manipulator (Enferadi and Akbarzadeh Tootoonchi,
Robotica 27:663–676, 2009) is the subject of this paper. This manipulator is of type 3-RRP, has good accuracy and relatively a large workspace which
is free of singularities (Enferadi and Akbarzadeh Tootoonchi, Robotica, Revised paper, 2009). First, inverse kinematics utilizing the angle axis representation is solved. Next, velocity and acceleration analysis as
well as link Jacobian matrices are obtained in invariant form. Finally, a systematic approach based on the principle of virtual
work and the concept of link Jacobian matrices is presented. This method allows elimination of constraint forces and moments
at the passive joints from motion equations. It is shown that the dynamics of the manipulator can be reduced to solving a
system of three linear equations with three unknowns. Moreover, a computational algorithm for solving the inverse dynamics
is developed. Two examples with different trajectories for the moving spherical platform are presented and motor torques are
obtained. Results are verified using a commercial dynamics modeling package. 相似文献
20.
A. Eidelman T. Elperin N. Kleeorin I. Rogachevskii I. Sapir-Katiraie 《Experiments in fluids》2006,40(5):744-752
We studied experimentally the effect of turbulent thermal diffusion in a multi-fan turbulence generator which produces a nearly homogeneous and isotropic flow with a small mean velocity. Using particle image velocimetry and image processing techniques, we showed that in a turbulent flow with an imposed mean vertical temperature gradient (stably stratified flow) particles accumulate in the regions with the mean temperature minimum. These experiments detected the effect of turbulent thermal diffusion in a multi-fan turbulence generator for relatively high Reynolds numbers. The experimental results are in compliance with the results of the previous experimental studies of turbulent thermal diffusion in oscillating grid turbulence (Buchholz et al. 2004; Eidelman et al. 2004). We demonstrated that the turbulent thermal diffusion is an universal phenomenon. It occurs independently of the method of turbulence generation, and the qualitative behavior of particle spatial distribution in these very different turbulent flows is similar. Competition between turbulent fluxes caused by turbulent thermal diffusion and turbulent diffusion determines the formation of particle inhomogeneities. 相似文献