空心颗粒填充复合材料弹塑性力学行为模拟

空心玻璃微珠(Hollow Glass Microballon,简称HGM)填充树脂基复合材料称为复合泡沫材料,近来已被广泛应用在工业中.利用RSA(Random Sequential Adsorption)方法生成了含不同体积比的HGMs填充代表体元模型,然后用有限元方法计算得出了材料的应力-应变关系,将材料属性简化为双线性随动强化模型,分析了HGM填充比、壁厚对材料的有效弹性常数、屈服极限的影响,并分析了材料内部细观应力场和塑性应变分布情况.结果发现,HGM壁厚比对材料有效弹性模量和屈服极限的增减起着决定性作用,而对于任意填充模式来说,材料的比模量和比强度总是大于纯树脂,这一点体现了该材料轻质的优良特性.材料基体的应力集中部位分布以及塑性应变区域的分布也取决于HGM的壁厚比.     

高应变率载荷作用下P110S管材力学性能实验研究

油管在生产服役过程中常承受射孔冲击、流体诱发振动等动载作用,引起管柱塑性弯曲、断裂等事故。为了量化动载系数和动载作用下管材屈服极限提高幅度,获得以Johnson-Cook为代表的材料动态本构模型关键参数,提高动载作用下管柱强度安全分析精度,以油田常用P110S管材为例,进行静载下的轴向拉伸实验和高应变率冲击下的力学性能实验。结果表明,静载下P110S管材屈服极限775MPa,比标称值758MPa高出2.2%;强度极限835 MPa,强屈比1.08。应变率500s~(-1)动载作用下,管材的屈服极限比静态实测值提高了15.5%;应变率1000s~(-1)动载作用下,管材的屈服极限比静态实测值提高了41.4%。应变率为500s~(-1)的P110S管材动载实验对应流体诱发引起的管柱振动,其强度降低4.5%;应变率为1000s~(-1)的P110S管材动载实验对应射孔冲击引起的管柱振动,其强度降低8.6%。本文通过实验确定了管材Johnson-Cook动态本构模型的关键参数,可为动载作用下的精确有限元仿真分析提供依据。     

功能梯度材料纯弯曲梁的弹塑性分析

假设功能梯度材料为一理想弹塑性材料,其弹性模量和屈服强度沿梁高度方向按照幂函数变化,在小变形及平截面假设下研究功能梯度材料纯弯曲梁的弹塑性性能.根据Mises屈服准则导出了纯弯曲梁的弹性极限弯矩的解析表达式,建立了梁在弹塑性状态时截面弯矩与截面弹、塑性区分布之间的关系式,给出了梁进入塑性极限状态时中性轴的位置以及塑性极限弯矩的解析计算公式.数值算例的结果表明,功能梯度材料梁的弹塑性性能与均匀材料梁不同,其屈服不一定首先产生于截面最大应力点,而可能有多种不同的屈服模态及相应的塑性扩展.弹性模量及屈服强度的梯度变化对功能梯度材料纯弯曲梁的中性轴位置、截面弹塑性应力分布以及塑性极限弯矩均有较大影响.研究结果可为功能梯度材料梁的弹塑性分析提供一定的参考.     

拉压性能不同材料厚壁圆筒与厚壁球壳的极限压力

本文就拉压屈服极限不同的理想弹塑性材料厚壁圆筒及厚壁球壳在内压力作用下进行了应力分析，得到了依赖于压拉比的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷。由分析结果可见，拉压性能不同材料的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷均有所提高，并且随着壁厚的增加提高量也有显著增加。     

拉压性能不同材料厚壁圆筒与厚壁球壳的极限压力

本文就拉压屈服极限不同的理想弹塑性材料厚壁圆筒及厚壁球壳在内压力作用下进行了应力分析，得到了依赖于压拉比的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷．由分析结果可见，拉压性能不同材料的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷均有所提高，并且随着壁厚的增加提高量也有显著增加．     

材料参数对板材胀形过程综合影响的数值研究

本文将Hosford 与Hill 各向异性屈服函数应用于刚粘塑性有限元方法,分析了圆形薄板液压胀形过程.研究了材料性能参数:硬化指数n、速率敏感指数m、厚向各向异性参数R、屈服函数非多项式指数M 对液压胀形过程的综合影响.并通过数值分析,找出了临界厚向断裂应变-ε_3~(ov·)与材料参数关系的经验方程式.屈服表面形状对极限厚度应变的影响,可以用Barlat 提出的包含了R 和M 影响的p 值表示出来.     

不同应变率下聚乙烯材料的压缩力学性能

为了研究聚乙烯材料在不同应变率下的压缩力学性能,通过准静态实验和动态实验获得聚乙烯材料不同应变率下的应力应变曲线,分析发现:聚乙烯的弹性模量和屈服强度随应变率增大而增大,具有明显的黏弹塑性;聚乙烯材料进入塑性阶段,其应力应变曲线在不同应变率下具有相近的变化趋势,即塑性切向模量近似相同。根据聚乙烯材料的压缩力学性能,建立了弹性区、屈服点和塑性区的分段本构模型。该模型的屈服点和塑性段与实验结果吻合较好,由于弹性段采用线弹性模型,与实验结果存在一定偏差,可近似描述材料的弹性行为。     

超高强度钢AF1410塑性流动特性及其本构关系

在本文中,为揭示超高强度钢AF1410的塑性流动性,并研究其塑性流动本构关系,利用CSS4410电子万能试验机和改进的Hopkinson拉压杆技术,对AF1410钢在温度从100K到600K,应变率从0.001/s到2000/s,塑性应变超过20%的塑性流动特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,拉伸加载下AF1410钢屈服强度低于压缩屈服强度,且随应变率增加,拉压屈服强度差值越来越大;该材料塑性流动应力对应变率敏感性低,而对温度较为敏感;随应变率的提高,该材料拉伸失效应变减小,但温度对失效应变无明显影响。最后基于位错的运动学关系,借助试验数据,获得了AF1410钢的塑性流动物理概念本构模型,并通过与经典J-C模型的结果对比对该物理概念本构模型进行了评估分析,表明该物理概念本构模型在较宽温度和应变率范围能较好的预测AF1410钢的塑性流动应力。     

空心玻璃微珠及玻璃纤维混合填充环氧树脂力学性能实验研究

制备了一种空心玻璃微珠质量比、四种玻璃纤维质量比的空心玻璃微珠及玻璃纤维混合填充环氧树脂复合泡沫材料。通过一系列准静态压缩、拉伸实验,研究了玻璃纤维填充量对复合材料的密度、强度、弹性模量等性能的影响,并分析了其影响原因。通过三点弯曲实验,研究了复合材料弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度等力学性能与玻璃纤维填充量的关系。通过拉伸断口SEM照片分析了玻璃纤维增强复合材料力学性能的原因。研究表明:随着玻璃纤维填充量增加,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度、压缩屈服极限及弹性模量等力学性能都有较大的提高,且仍然保持了较好的弹性性能和塑性特征。     

非比例循环载荷下塑性模量的讨论

对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行菱形应变路径的非比例循环本构实验,根据实验结果及分析,对双面本构模型给出了一个极限面定义,以保证屈服面不与极限面相交,在这个极限面定义及实验结果的基础上,对不同本构模型所定义的距离与塑性模量的相关性进行了讨论,表明Mroz和Chen的距离与塑性模量具有较好的相关性。     

Modulus prediction and discussion of reinforced syntactic foams with coated hollow spherical inclusions

The elastic properties of syntactic foams with coated hollow spherical inclusions have been studied by means of Mori and Tanaka‘s concept of average stress in the matrix and Eshelby‘s equivalent inclusion theories. Some formulae to predict the effective modulus of this material have been derived theoretically. Based on these formulae, the influences of coating parameters such as the thickness and Poisson‘s ratio on the modulus of the syntactic foams have been discussed at the same time.     

Analysis of hollow inclusion–matrix debonding in particulate composites

This work aims at understanding the effect of particle–matrix interfacial debonding on the tensile response of syntactic foams. The problem of a single hollow inclusion with spherical-cap cracks embedded in a dissimilar matrix material is studied. Degradation of elastic modulus, cavity formation in the proximity of debonded regions, stress localization phenomena in the inclusion, debonding energetics, and crack kinking are studied for a broad range of inclusion wall thickness and debonding extent. A series solution based on the Galerkin method is proposed and validated through comparison with findings from boundary element and finite element methods. Results are specialized to glass particle-vinyl ester matrix systems widely used in marine structural applications. The insight gained into the role of particle–matrix debonding extent and inclusion wall thickness is useful in understanding the possible failure mechanisms of syntactic foams under tensile and flexural loading conditions and in tailoring their parameters for specific applications.     

Three-dimensional modeling of the mechanical property of linearly elastic open cell foams

Three-dimensional Voronoi models are developed to investigate the mechanical behavior of linearly elastic open cell foams. Dependence of the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and bulk modulus of the foams on the relative density is evaluated through finite element analysis. Obtained results show that in the low density regime the Young’s modulus and bulk modulus of random Voronoi foams can be well represented by those of Kelvin foams, and are sensitive to the geometric imperfections inherent in the microstructure of foams. In contrast, the compressive plateau stress of the foams is less sensitive to the imperfections. Failure surface of the foams subject to multi-axial compression is determined and is found to comply with the maximum compressive principal stress criterion, consistent with available experimental observations on polymer foams. Numerical results also show that elastic buckling of cell edges at microscopic level is the dominant mechanism responsible for the compressive failure of elastic open cell foams.     

闭孔泡沫铝材料十四面体模型的改进

基于对闭孔泡沫铝发泡过程更为合理的假设,提出了描述胞体结构的改进的十四面体模型,使之可以反映密度增大时质量集中于支柱和顶点的情况。采用有限元方法及耦合边界条件,研究了闭孔泡沫铝的相对弹性模量、泊松比等弹性特征与胞体参数的关系,给出了拟合的弹性模量的计算公式,并对模型在弹性压缩变形下应力分布进行了分析。通过与已有模型的比较表明,改进模型可以较好地模拟闭孔泡沫铝材料的弹性性能。     

Rheology of concentrated microgel solutions

Viscosity, modulus, and yield stress for 0–6 wt% aqueous solutions of Carbopol 941 were investigated using constant shear rate, constant shear stress, and dynamic oscillatory experiments. The microgel character of the polymer was evident from the solid-like behavior of the solutions above 1 wt%. Yield stress increased with concentration, but yield occurred at a critical shear strain of 40%, independent of concentration. The static stress-strain relationship became non-linear at ~ 25% strain, in fair agreement with the onset of non-linear response in the storage modulus at ~ 10% strain. Small strain moduli from static and low frequency measurements agreed rather well; modulus values obtained from the recoverable strain after yielding were 30–40% smaller. Solutions flowed at near-constant stress in the low shear rate regime; at higher rates the stress increases with shear rate more rapidly. The viscosity did not obey the Cox-Merz rule. Steady-state viscosity scaled with polymer concentration to the 3/4 power. Results were interpreted using a cellular, deformable sphere model for the polymer, in analogy to emulsions and foams.     

基于细观力学均匀化等效材料参数的复合泡沫热致应力预测方法

环氧复合泡沫采用空心玻璃微珠改性环氧树脂，对于降低电子封装材料的热致应力非常有效．为提高环氧复合泡沫的设计效率，本文提出了一种宏细观结合的环氧复合泡沫热致应力分析方法．首先通过细观力学建立不同微珠粒径、壁厚、微珠体积分数等微观结构参数下环氧复合泡沫的等效性能预测模型，然后结合宏观线弹性热应力分析模型，进行环氧复合泡沫电子封装的热致应力分析，最终获得了一种电子封装热致应力与环氧复合泡沫微观结构之间的关联模型．基于模型探讨了微珠壁厚、微珠体积分数、微珠配比等微观结构参数对封装热致应力的影响规律，并基于两种典型封装结构证明了方法的可行性，研究成果对于开发低应力封装技术、提高电子封装的可靠性及环境适应性具有重要的意义．     

低密度开孔泡沫蠕变松弛特性分析

利用三维Voronoi模型和有限元方法分析了胞壁材料具有粘弹特性的低密度开孔泡沫的蠕变和应力松弛行为.采用了三参量标准线性固体模型来描述胞壁材料的粘弹特性.所得结果表明.低密度开孔泡沫具有与其胞壁材料相同的松弛时间,当相对密度较低时(低于1%)开孔泡沫的松弛模量与胞壁材料的松弛模量和泡沫相对密度平方成正比.此外,计算结果还表明,低密度开孔泡沫在较小的初始应力条件下具有与其胞壁材料相同的延迟时间.其蠕变柔度与胞壁材料的蠕变柔度和泡沫相对密度平方倒数基本成正比.但随着初始应力值的增大,泡沫的延迟时间将会显著增加.     

A plasticity model for cellular materials with open-celled structure

Based on a rigid-plastic material model that obeys the von Mises yield criterion, the plastic behavior of foams with an open-celled structure is studied in this paper using a single unit cell. An approximate continuum plasticity model is developed within the framework of the upper bound theorem of plasticity to describe the yield behavior of foams. The microscopic velocity fields are derived for the unit cell, which satisfy the incompressibility and the kinematic boundary conditions, and expressed in macroscopic rate of deformation. From the microscopic velocity fields, a macroscopic yield function is developed for foams under multi-axial stresses and includes the effects of the hydrostatic stress due to the void presence and growth. The dependency of the derived yield surfaces of foams on their relative densities is studied. The plastic behavior of foams is also studied numerically using the finite element method. The newly developed plasticity model is compared with the finite element analysis results and other available foam models and then correlated with the finite element results.     

Kelvin结构开孔泡沫材料的弹性性能研究

采用一修正的十四面体结构模型(Kelvin结构模型)对开孔泡沫金属的弹性性能进行研究,对低密度开孔泡沫材料表现出不可压的特性进行了分析。该模型考虑作用在泡沫筋条上的弯矩、剪力和轴向力,以及轴向力的平衡。修正模型的数值计算结果与实验结果及其他模型的结果进行了对比,结果表明修正模型计算的杨氏模量比原有模型的略有提高,筋条截面为星形的修正模型计算的结果与实验比较符合。在密度等同的条件下,筋条截面惯性矩越大的开孔泡沫材料,其弹性模量也越大,而泊松比则越小。Kelvin结构的开孔泡沫材料的泊松比随相对密度的减小而趋于0.5。