温度对四频差动激光陀螺零偏的影响机理

讨论了四频差动激光陀螺温变零偏的产生机理,分析了四频差动激光陀螺工作时的热源及其对陀螺在不同工作阶段的影响,实验证明了温度变化时和频和差频的强烈相关性;通过实验分析了陀螺各部分温度变化对和频和零偏的影响,研究了水晶片在温度变化时的物理性质变化,并定量计算了由其产生的广义法拉第偏频、顺逆时针偏振光差损和左右旋偏振光差损的变化对温变零偏的影响大小,结果表明:顺逆时针偏振光差损和左右旋偏振光差损对和频、差频的不同作用机理使得和频与差频的相关性变差,导致采用以和频为基准对陀螺差频进行补偿的方法具有一定的局限性,从而提出了提高以和频为基准的温补精度的措施。     

四频陀螺中压电陶瓷歪扭导致的光强变化及其对零偏的影响

激光陀螺通常使用压电陶瓷换能器(PZT)作为反馈控制元件来维持腔长不变,然而PZT在推拉过程中产生的歪扭将会引起腔损的变化,进而导致光强以及零偏的变化。为了提高激光陀螺的零偏稳定性,对PZT歪扭导致的零偏变化进行了理论和实验研究。理论分析表明,PZT歪扭导致的光强变化与零偏变化密切相关,当光强相对变化10-3时,零偏变化约0.02 Hz。改变激光陀螺的纵模阶数,同时测量对应的光强和零偏,所得实验结果与理论分析基本一致。研究表明,目前四频激光陀螺中PZT歪扭导致的零偏变化在0.01 Hz的量级,因此通过对PZT制作工艺进行改进可进一步提高四频激光陀螺的性能。该研究对高精度四频激光陀螺的研制具有一定的参考价值。     

四频激光陀螺热致零漂机理研究

针对制约提高激光陀螺精度的热效应这一重要因素，分析了主要热致零漂及其作用机理，推导出了朗缪尔温度理论表达式。实验表明：外部温度变化与内部发热对陀螺江西省多有着相同的效果，热效应主要以温度，温度速度与温度方式影响零漂。     

激光陀螺零偏温度补偿研究

在对某型激光陀螺进行大量高低温环境试验的基础上,根据试验数据,建立了一种零偏温度补偿模型,并用该模型对新测的试验数据进行了预测补偿。补偿结果表明:激光陀螺经该模型补偿后基本上可以将零偏减小一个数量级,并进一步提高了零偏稳定性,完全满足工程上的实时补偿要求。因此,该模型具有很强的工程实用价值。     

基于多周期测量的四频差动激光陀螺高精度信号解调

分析了四频差动激光陀螺信号的解调原理，针对采用频率测量计数解调方法存在脉冲量化造成的角速度测量分辨率低的问题，改用多周期测量来代替频率测量，大大提高了四频差动激光陀螺信号的解调精度。通过数字滤波器滤波处理，可以减少随机噪声干扰，进一步提高精度。为满足实时性要求，该方法采用FPGA来实现。实验表明，此方法提高了四频差动激光陀螺角速度测量分辨率，为快速高精度方位自对准奠定了基础。     

激光陀螺抖动偏频解调与微小角速度检测

—本文讨论了激光陀螺抖动偏频解调与微小角速度检测的主要技术难点。针对难点，在整周期采样解调基础上提出了脉冲边沿触发鉴相解调方案，同时对该方案的合理性进行了详细分析和理论证明。文章最后指出，该方案对大角速度的高精度检测同样适用。     

复杂温变环境下的激光陀螺零偏补偿方法

在高精度捷联惯导系统中,激光陀螺零偏随温度的变化往往不能忽略.基于不同温变环境下的激光陀螺零偏测试实验,分析了激光陀螺的零偏温度漂移特性,研究了陀螺零偏与温度变化、温变速率和温度梯度之间的相关关系,说明了在复杂或快速的温变环境中,激光陀螺零偏除与温度值变化有关外,其受温变速率和温度梯度的影响更为显著.建立了适用于缓变温度环境的静态温度模型和适用于复杂温变环境下的动态温度模型,并在快速温变和随机温变环境下对模型进行了试验验证.结果表明,动态温度模型能很好地实时补偿复杂温变引入的陀螺零偏异常,显著改善陀螺零偏稳定性使其达到或接近常温精度水平.     

激光陀螺相邻模零偏差及不平衡电流零偏差性能分析

通过控制参量提高陀螺精度和成品率,是激光陀螺工程技术研究的主要内容之一。引入相邻模陀螺零偏差及不平衡电流零偏差两个参量,对不同等级表陀螺对应参量的研究,发现陀螺性能与该参量具有确定的关系,通过控制这两个参量,可以有效提高陀螺使用精度和成品率。理论研究了两个参数变化的根源,分别为谐振腔参数及锁区的变化,为提高激光陀螺精度提供了一种有效的技术途径,对于进一步提高抖动陀螺精度具有实用价值。     

速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性分析

分析了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差特性。根据激光陀螺的闭锁方程,分别从数值模拟和理论分析两种途径对速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性进行了研究。结果一致表明:速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差与锁区大小成正比,与过锁区的加速度的平方根成反比,与刻度因子的平方根成反比。文中具体给出了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差方程。过锁区误差为速率偏频激光陀螺的主要误差源。     

四频差动激光陀螺三种误差模型对寻北精度的影响

分析了四频差动激光陀螺漂移信号的特性,将陀螺输出的漂移误差信号分为常值漂移误差和随时间变化的一次项、二次项漂移误差,并据此建立陀螺漂移误差模型,分别对陀螺漂移进行零次拟合、一次拟合及二次拟合.针对这些模型结合寻北推导了误差的补偿算法,并通过寻北实验精度比较,验证了不同误差模型的补偿效果.实验结果表明,就本文实验所用陀螺,含二次项误差的模型寻北精度较高,使寻北精度从零次拟合模型的1密位降低到0.5密位.     

Assessment of turbulent spectral bias in laser Doppler velocimetry

A critical evaluation is made of the spectral bias which occurs in the use of a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). In order to accommodate the randomly sampled LDV data, statistical treatments of particle arrival times are needed. This is modeled as a doubly stochastic Poisson process which includes the intensity function of the velocity field. Three processing algorithms are considered for spectral estimates: the sample and hold method (SH), the modified Shannon sampling technique (SR), and the direct transform (RG). Assessment is made of these for varying data densities (0.05 ≤ d.d ≤ 5) and turbulence levels (t.i.=30%, 100%). The effects of the values of the Reynolds stress coefficients and the transversal standard deviation on the spectral contents were examined. As an improved version of the spectral estimator, the utility of POCS (the projection onto convex sets) has been tested in the present study. This algorithm is found useful to be in the region when d.d. ? 3.     

Geometric bias and time coincidence in 3-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter systems

The measurement by a 3-d laser Doppler velocimeter of a turbulent flow has been numerically simulated. Errors associated with the probe volume geometry and the coincidence time window concept are revealed. One type of error occurs for high system data rates when multiple particles lead to system realizations. Another error occurs associated with a geometric bias discovered in the present study. This 3-d Idv geometric bias exists even for single-particle realizations and regardless of the system data rate. A technique for the elimination of the geometric bias is presented.     

一种确保激光陀螺低温启动的辅助启辉方法

激光陀螺在低温下启辉电压过高,严重影响了其工程应用。为了确保低温下陀螺可靠启动,借鉴激光器领域内的预电离技术,提出一种激光陀螺辅助启辉方法。在陀螺谐振腔阴极附近放置一个辅助启辉发光装置,发射高能量光束照射陀螺谐振腔阴极内表面,增加阴极的次级电子发射能力,可以有效降低陀螺辉光放电电压。分别利用紫外气体发光管和紫外波段半导体发光二极管作为光源进行了陀螺启辉电压对比试验,结果表明:低温下两种光源均可有效降低陀螺启辉电压,但两者降低启辉电压的效率有差异,紫外灯效率在5%～30%之间,紫外波段的半导体发光二极管的效率在12%～28%之间,前者降低电压离散性较大,后者较为均匀,综合看,后者效果更为显著。     

Averaged temperature fields in asymmetrical turbulent streams over localized heat sources

A modification of the shadow method which can be used to measure the three-dimensional averaged fields of the refractive index in turbulent flows is described. The method is applied to the measurement of a temperature field in a turbulent convective flow. A stream of heated fluid flowing slowly out of a circular opening is used as the heat source. The measurement results are compared with asymptotic dependences for buoyant convective fluids [1].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 199–203, March–April, 1977.     

Structure of the temperature field in a flow over heated waves

Liquid crystal thermometry (LCT) was used to quantify temperature fields in a flow over resistively heated waves and assess the effect of the large-scale longitudinal structures that were previously obtained in the velocity field for an isothermal flow (A. Günther and P. Rudolf von Rohr, submitted article, 2002). The wavelength 6 was 10 times larger than the amplitude, and the considered Reynolds numbers were 725 and 3300, defined with the bulk velocity and the half-channel height. A constant heat flux was imposed at the wavy bottom wall. For the first time, LCT was used to determine the fluid temperature in a wall-bounded flow with heat transfer. The dominant spanwise scale obtained from a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the fluid temperature field above an uphill location of the wavy wall was 1.56. It agrees well with the one previously obtained for a decomposition of the streamwise velocity.     

Whole field measurement of temperature in water using two-color laser induced fluorescence

 A technique is described that measures the instantaneous three-dimensional temperature distribution in water using two-color laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Two fluorescent dyes, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 110, are used as temperature indicators. A laser light sheet scanned across the entire measurement volume excites the fluorescent dye, and an optical system involving a color beam splitter gives the intensity distribution of the individual fluorescent dyes on two separate monochrome CCD cameras. The ratio of these fluorescence intensities at each point of the image is calibrated against the temperature to eliminate the effect of the fluctuation of illuminating light intensity. A stable thermally stratified layer was measured by this system to evaluate the total accuracy of the measurement system. The random error of the measurement was ±1.4 K with 95% confidence. Measurements of thermal convection over a heated horizontal surface show temperature iso-surfaces having typical structures such as plumes, ridges and thermals. Received: 1 October 1997/Accepted: 23 March 1998     

Vibrational temperature measurements in a shock layer using laser induced predissociation fluorescence

Single shot spatially and spectrally resolved laser induced predissociation fluorescence measurements in a shock layer around a cylinder in a pulsed supersonic free stream are presented. Fluoresence signals were produced using the tuned output of an argon fluoride excimer laser to excite a mixture of rovibrational transitions in molecular oxygen. The signals produced along a line inside the shock layer were focussed onto a two dimensional detector coupled to a spectrometer, thus allowing spectral and spatial resolution of the fluoresence. In this way, it was possible to detect two fluoresence signals from two different transitions simultaneously, allowing the determination of vibrational temperatures without the need for calibration. To minimize problems associated with low signal to noise ratios, background subtraction and spatial averaging was required.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.