GPS/INS紧耦合导航中多路径效应改正算法及应用

针对GPS伪距观测值受多路径误差影响较大,限制了GPS/INS紧耦合导航中导航精度提高的问题,在传统静态多路径消除方法的基础上,提出了导航过程中多路径效应动态消除算法,并应用于GPS/INS紧耦合导航。首先给出了GPS/INS紧耦合导航的动力学模型和观测模型以及静态定位多路径消除的方法,通过频谱分析探究了非差观测值序列的特殊性,引入了移动窗口提取动态导航过程非差伪距观测值的多路径,最后利用实测数据验证了算法的有效性。结果表明:对比没有经过多路径改正的组合导航算法,基于伪距多路径改正的GPS/INS紧耦合导航增强了滤波融合观测值的精度,减少了多路径效应对于伪距观测值的影响,平衡了伪距观测值和多普勒观测值的权重,提高了GPS/INS紧耦合导航的直接可测参数(位置、速度)和间接可测参数(姿态)的精度,北向、东向和高程三个方向的位置误差分别减小了18.8%、25.7%,和1.5%。     

三频差分GNSS/INS紧组合模型

北斗卫星导航系统已经提供三频信号的位置服务。针对目前尚无关于北斗三频信号的GNSS/INS紧组合研究的现状,将三频模糊度解算算法与紧组合结合,构建了三频差分GNSS/INS紧组合模型。给出了新模型的观测方程和模糊度解算方法,分析了新模型的优点。进行了车载组合导航实验对比新模型与经典模型,结果表明:新模型的解算时间消耗远少于经典模型,在9颗可视卫星时,新模型的总解算时间仅为经典模型的55.53%;卫星数的增加对新模型解算时间的影响不显著;新模型能够获得和经典模型相当的精度,位置差别均方根在毫米级,速度差别均方根在厘米级,姿态差别均方根在0.01°级别。新模型利用了三频模糊度解算速度快的优点,又有效地削弱了其不稳定性对定位结果的影响,为基于三频信号的GNSS/INS紧组合做了前沿性研究。     

基于伪距宽巷组合的GPS模糊度固定方法

中长基线模糊度快速解算是GPS网络差分技术的核心内容。根据网络差分模糊度固定只用于基线解算而不用于定位的特点,通过对常用GPS原始观测数据组合方式的分析,提出伪距宽相组合的数据处理方法,有效消除了电离层、对流层传播误差,形成抗差性强、大气误差自由的GPS组合观测值;在此基础上引入双差伪距宽相组合进行模糊度浮点解并建立法方程,应用高度角与大气误差的关系构造权阵,对常规LAMBDA算法进行了改进,形成一种适合GPS网络差分的中长基线模糊度解算方法。对三个参考站同步观测数据的实际测试结果表明：使用该方法网络模糊度解算时间小于300s,基线长超过60km,并满足闭合性原则。     

基于BDS/INS紧组合的动对动相对导航算法

针对动对动相对定位中卫星观测质量不佳、信号易丢失导致北斗卫星导航系统定位精度不高、无法连续定位的问题,提出了一种基于BDS/INS紧组合的动对动相对导航算法。通过惯导系统与北斗卫星导航系统紧组合的方式,以捷联惯导误差作为组合系统状态量,通过多普勒信息进行伪距平滑,并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波将惯导及卫星观测信息进行融合,解算相对导航结果。通过车载实验对所提出的相对导航算法进行了验证,实验结果表明,所提出的BDS/INS紧组合动对动相对导航算法能够保持分米级相对导航精度,卫星信号短时中断时,能有效保持高精度相对导航结果输出。     

卫星分群的抗差Kalman滤波在GPS/BDS融合精密单点定位中的应用

抗差Kalman滤波是控制GNSS动态导航定位中观测异常的有效算法,当应用到GPS/BDS实时动态精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)时,会出现某些历元定位精度甚至不如单一系统定位精度高,这主要是因为同一接收机接收的不同种类卫星观测量的随机特性不同,使得观测量验后残差的分布特性不一致,抗差估计时随机特性不同的观测量验后残差互比,反而对某一系统优质数据也进行了降权,导致定位结果出现偏差,减弱了GPS/BDS融合精密单点定位的优势。针对这一问题,提出了卫星分群的抗差Kalman滤波算法,并应用到GPS/BDS融合精密单点定位中,算法的核心是在每一历元观测数据质量控制时根据卫星类型分类构建方差膨胀因子,给出了算法的实施步骤,最后通过MGEX实测数据进行了验证,结果表明算法应用到GPS/BDS融合精密单点定位中,相较传统的抗差Kalman滤波算法在东、北、天三个方向分别提高了34.6%、33.3%、31.0%,同时表明该算法提高了GPS/BDS融合精密单点定位的可靠性。     

载波相位时间差分辅助的SINS/GNSS紧组合导航方法

为提升无基准站辅助条件下的单站微惯性/卫星组合实时导航性能,提出了一种基于载波相位时间差分的改进微惯性/卫星紧组合导航方法。所提方法直接利用高精度的载波相位时间差分观测信息改善微惯性导航误差的在线补偿精度。分析比较了两种载波相位时间差分观测模型对组合导航精度的影响,通过抗差序贯卡尔曼滤波建立抵御GNSS观测粗差的紧组合滤波模型。城市内车载试验结果表明,相对于传统紧组合导航方法,所提算法能够有效提升定位、定速和定姿精度达29%、21%和42%。另外,相对较长GNSS中断(60 s)条件下,所提算法能够显著提升滑行位置、速度和姿态精度达46%、40%和51%。     

多星座GNSS/INS紧耦合方法

针对可用卫星数目不足、多星座GNSS接收机不能定位条件下,传统GNSS/INS松耦合方式退化为"纯惯性"模式,无法抑制惯导误差发散的问题,提出了一种基于多星座GNSS接收机原始伪距观测量的GNSS/INS紧耦合方法。利用惯导与多星座GNSS接收机搭建硬件平台,开展了车载试验。试验结果表明,当可用卫星数目满足定位条件时,多星座GNSS/INS紧耦合方法与松耦合方法的导航精度相当;当可用卫星数目不足、多星座GNSS接收机不能定位时,多星座GNSS/INS紧耦合方法仍可利用剩余卫星提供的观测信息继续运行,当卫星数减少为5颗时,纬度和经度精度均优于30 m;当卫星数进一步减少为4颗时,纬度精度优于90 m,经度精度优于50 m。     

通信网络中的GPS/TDOA混合定位算法

提出了一种混合GPS/TDOA的泰勒级数-最小二乘算法,在GPS和TDOA定位方法都无法独立定位时实现了定位.算法先将GPS伪距观测方程做单差运算、消除钟差,然后与TDOA双曲线方程组合,一起进行泰勒级数展开得到组合后的线性方程组,再利用最小二乘的方法迭代估计出终端位置.验证该算法的实验结果表明,GPS伪距观测量越多时,定位精度越高;相反,由于TDOA观测量NLOS误差较大,TDOA观测量越多时,精度越差.因此实施该算法时,GPS伪距观测量作为输入应全部采用;在保证能够定位的前提下,应尽量少用TDOA观测量.试验所得混合定位结果的最大误差为231.52 m,最佳条件下所得均方根误差为33.80m,能够满足某些精度要求不高,而又必需位置信息的定位应用需求.     

INS辅助周跳修复以实现精密单点定位瞬时重新收敛

GNSS接收机信号极易受外界环境遮挡而完全中断,使得接收机所输出的相位观测值产生周跳,这将引起精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度参数的重新初始化,并需要十几分钟甚至更长时间的重新收敛,限制了PPP的推广应用。针对以上问题,以星间单差PPP/INS紧组合为研究基础,借助INS短期导航精度高的优势,提出一种INS辅助的周跳修复新方法。该新方法使用星间单差相位新息与星间单差电离层残差作为周跳修复量;为提高周跳修复可靠性,新方法对周跳修复量进行了质量控制并设置了多重修复准则。两组车载组合导航实验表明:与不修复相比,周跳修复后可实现PPP瞬时重新收敛,定位精度提升至20 cm以内;但需注意,周跳修复成功率会随着GNSS信号中断时间的延长而降低。     

应用于城市环境的MEMS-INS/GPS紧耦合组合导航抗差滤波器（英文）

为了提高MEMS-INS/GPS紧耦合组合导航系统在城市区域中因为GPS信号短时中断或被干扰时的性能，提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的抗差滤波器模型-Kalman抗差滤波器。在Kalman抗差滤波流程中，构建了具有误差检测和分离功能的Kalman滤波器来应对包括伪距和伪距率等GPS测量的突发故障，通过自适应因子向量调整测量噪声获得高精度的导航解。在城市公路上开展了现场试验，对Kalman抗差滤波器的可用性进行了测试。相较于常规的Kalman滤波器，使用Kalman抗差滤波器的紧耦合组合导航系统水平位置误差下降超过30%，高程位置误差的降低大约50%，速度误差下降了17.5%。Kalman抗差滤波器能够有效的降低城市区域中MEMS-INS/GPS紧耦合组合导航系统的导航解误差。     

Group properties of utt=[F(u)ux]x

The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the subject quasilinear wave equation, for arbitrary f[fεC²(R), f > 0, f ≠ 0]. From the resulting information sets of explicit invariant solutions are constructed for wave propagation in gases and for the transonic equation.     

Exact solution of the non-linear differential equation RR̈ + 32R2 − AR−4 + B = 0

The non-linear equation $\text{R}\text{R}\text{?}\text{+}\text{3}\text{2}\text{R}{}^2\text{- AR}{}^{\mathrm{?4}}\text{+ B = 0}$ is shown to represent simply periodic motion with a minimum at R₁ and a maximum at R₁R₀ or a maximum at R₁ and a minimum at R₁R₀^?1. R₀ is a function of the ratio $\text{A}\text{B}$ and is greater than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1 and less than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1. The period of the motion satisfies the simple relation T(R₀^?1) = R₀^?1T(R₀). The exact solution to the above equation is represented in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a simple algebraic function.     

Explicit expressions of S(v), H(v) and L(v) for anisotropic elastic materials

The three matrices L(v), S(v) and H(v), appearing frequently in the investigations of the two-dimensional steady state motions of elastic solids, are expressed explicitly in terms of the elastic stiffness for general anisotropic materials. The special cases of monoclinic materials with a plane of symmetry at x₃ = 0, x₁ = 0, and x₂ = 0 are all deduced. Results for orthotropic materials appearing in the literature may be recovered from the present explicit expressions.     

惯导／GNSS／罗兰C／航姿系统组合导航方案

为保证飞行器的导航精度及可靠性,采用了惯导/GNSS/罗兰C/航姿系统的组合导航。该组合导航采用开环组合方式,将多系统导航信息在计算机中进行综合,提高导航信息精度。仿真试验结果说明,所设计的组合导航系统是可行的,能满足任务要求。     

Phase portraits and bifurcations of the non-linear oscillator: ẍ + (α + γx2 + βx + δx3 = 0

The non-linear oscillator ? + αx + γx²x + βx + δx³ = 0 is studied using the methods of differentiable dynamics to obtain qualitative behaviour. The case x, β<0; γ, δ> 0 is considered in some detail; it has physical relevance as a simple model in certain now-induced structural vibration problems in which the structural non-linearities act to maintain overall stability. The presence of local and global bifurcations is detected and their physical significance discussed.     

Rheology/morphology/flow conditions relationships for polymethylmethacrylate/rubber blend

Viscoelastic behavior, phase morphology and flow conditions relationships in polymer/rubber blends have been investigated. The importance of such correlations is illustrated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/rubber blends subjected to different flow conditions both under small and large deformations. In small-amplitude oscillatory shear (the morphology does not change during the flow) the elastic modulus G of the concentrated blends shows a secondary plateau, G _p , in the low frequency region. This solid-like behavior appears for rubber particle contents beyond the percolation threshold concentration (15%). Morphological observations revealed that for concentrations higher than 15%, the particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network-type structure.In capillary flow it was found that the network-type structure was destroyed and replaced by an alignment of particles in the flow direction. This morphological modification resulted in a decrease in both viscosity and post-extrusion swell of the blends. Morphological observations revealed that the ordered structure in the flow direction was concentrated only in the skin region of the extrudate, where the shear stress is higher than the secondary plateau, G _p . A simple kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the observed morphology.Similarly, steady shear measurements performed in the cone-and-plate geometry revealed alignment of particles in the flow direction for shear stress values higher than G_p.Presented in part at the Symposium Recent Developments in Structured Continua Montréal (Canada) 26–28 May 1993 and at the 45th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec, October 15–18 (1995)     

溅射沉积WSx/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的微结构及大气环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射技术在硅基体上交替沉积WS₂、Ni及非晶碳(a-C)层制备出不同Ni层厚度的WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等研究了多层膜的成分及微观结构;通过纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等评价了薄膜的力学及大气环境中的摩擦学性能. 结果表明:随着Ni层厚度的增加,WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的致密度下降,n_s/n_w值(S与W原子百分数之比)由0.84降至0.73,WS_x层以微晶或非晶的形式存在. 多层膜的硬度和磨损率均随Ni层厚度的增加先降低后升高,但摩擦系数由0.22升至0.38,结合力先增大后减小. Ni层厚度为6 nm的多层膜的硬度可达13.4 GPa,抗氧化性能和耐磨性最优,磨损率仅为9.47×10–14 m3/(Nm).      

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

On free energy-based formulations for kinematic hardening and the decomposition F = fpfe

Within the framework of linear plasticity, based on additive decomposition of the linear strain tensor, kinematical hardening can be described by means of extended potentials. The method is elegant and avoids the need for evolution equations. The extension of small strain formulations to the finite strain case, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts, proved not straight forward. Specifically, the symmetry of the resulting back stress remained elusive. In this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematic hardening is proposed. The formulation is able to reproduce symmetric expressions for the back stress while incorporating the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening where an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. It is shown that the symmetry of the back stress is strongly related to its treatment as a truly spatial tensor, where contraction operations are to be conducted using the current metric. The latter depends naturally on the deformation gradient itself. Various numerical examples are presented.