A computational study of the intramolecular pnicogen bond in PHF? (CH2)n? PHF (n=2–6) systems was carried out. For each compound, two different conformations, (R,R) and (R,S), were considered on the basis of the chirality of the phosphine groups. The characteristics of the closed conformers, in which the pnicogen interaction occurs, were compared with those of the extended conformer. In several cases, the closed conformations are more stable than the extended conformations. The calculated interaction energies of the pnicogen contact, by means of isodesmic reactions, provide values between ?3.4 and ?26.0 kJ mol?1. Atoms in molecules and electron localization function analysis of the electron density showed that the systems in the closed conformations with short P ??? P distances have a partial covalent character in this interaction. The calculated absolute chemical shieldings of the P atoms showed an exponential relationship with the P ??? P distance. In addition, a search in the Cambridge crystallographic database was carried out to detect those compounds with a potential intramolecular pnicogen bond in the solid phase. 相似文献
Using the electrospinning approach, various percentages of less expensive metal alloy-decorated nanofiber catalysts have been successfully made as a substitute for platinum in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). This work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of catalysts with metal fixed ratio of 20% wt for DMFC applications, specifically Ni/CNFs, Co/CNFs, and Ni Co Mo/CNFs. The catalysts are characterized using various techniques, including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray, and electrochemical measurements. All the prepared samples, regardless of the metal concentration, had good nanofiber form and a distinct nanoparticle appearance, according to the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chromatography, scan rate, response time, and cyclic voltammetry all were used to examine the samples' ability to perform methanol electrocatalysis. When Mo is added to Ni with Co, the electrooxidation reaction's activation energy and electrode stability both increase. With a starting potential of 0.22 V, the maximum current density in the Ni Co Mo/CNF sample was 99.8 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V. To electrooxidize methanol, our electrocatalysts combine diffusion control with kinetic-limiting processes. This work has shown how to create an effective Ni Co Mo based methanol electrooxidation catalyst using a special technique. 相似文献
Copper‐catalyzed Ullmann condensations are key reactions for the formation of carbon–heteroatom and carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. These reactions can lead to structural moieties that are prevalent in building blocks of active molecules in the life sciences and in many material precursors. An increasing number of publications have appeared concerning Ullmann‐type intermolecular reactions for the coupling of aryl and vinyl halides with N, O, and C nucleophiles, and this Minireview highlights recent and major developments in this topic since 2004. 相似文献
The transformation of C? H bonds into other chemical bonds is of great significance in synthetic chemistry. C? H bond‐activation processes provide a straightforward and atom‐economic strategy for the construction of complex structures; as such, they have attracted widespread interest over the past decade. As a prevalent directing group in the field of C? H activation, the amide group not only offers excellent regiodirecting ability, but is also a potential C? N bond precursor. As a consequence, a variety of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles have been obtained by using these reactions. This Focus Review addresses the recent research into the amide‐directed tandem C? C/C? N bond‐formation process through C? H activation. The large body of research in this field over the past three years has established it as one of the most‐important topics in organic chemistry. 相似文献
Electroactive fused ethylenedithio? tetrathiafulvalene? [4]helicene and ‐[6]helicenes have been synthesized through a strategy that involved the preparation of 2,3‐dibromo‐helicene derivatives as intermediates. The dihedral angles between the terminal helicenes, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, are 22.7° and 50.7° for the [4]helicene and [6]helicene, respectively. Their solid‐state architectures show interplay between S???S and π???π intermolecular interactions. The chiroptical properties of the enantiopure EDT? TTF? [6]helicene derivatives have been investigated and supported by TDDFT calculations. Remarkable redox switching of the circular dichroism (CD) signal between the neutral and radical‐cation species has been achieved. 相似文献
A nanocomposite of Pd? TiO2? SiO2 is developed through a sol‐gel process from the reaction products of titanium isopropoxide followed by mixing the same with palladium linked 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reaction product is sonicated and calcinated to obtain the nanocomposite of Pd? TiO2? SiO2. The calcination at 600 °C yielded an amorphous structure whereas at 900 °C it resulted into a nanocrystalline structure. The nanocomposite of palladium was further characterized by TEM, XRD, IR and EDS. The material acts as an efficient electrocatalyst. Electrocatalysis of ascorbic acid is observed at 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, shows linearity between 1 µM and 1 mM in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). 相似文献
The organometallic approach is one of the most active topics in catalysis. The application of NH functionality in organometallic catalysis has become an important and attractive concept in catalyst design. NH moieties in the modifiers of organometallic catalysts have been shown to have various beneficial functions in catalysis by molecular recognition through hydrogen bonding to give catalyst–substrate, ligand–ligand, ligand–catalyst, and catalyst–catalyst interactions. This Review summarizes recent progress in the development of the organometallic catalysts based on the concept of cooperative catalysis by focusing on the NH moiety. 相似文献
Tuning the nature of the linker in a L∼BHR phosphinoborane compound led to the isolation of a ruthenium complex stabilized by two adjacent, δ‐C H and ε‐Bsp2 H, agostic interactions. Such a unique coordination mode stabilizes a 14‐electron “RuH2P2” fragment through connected σ‐bonds of different polarity, and affords selective B H, C H, and B C bond activation as illustrated by reactivity studies with H2 and boranes. 相似文献
We report the first enantioselective C C bond formation through C O bond cleavage using aryl ester counterparts. This method is characterized by its wide substrate scope and results in the formation of quaternary stereogenic centers with high yields and asymmetric induction. 相似文献
An sp 2 /sp 3 get‐together : A novel and efficient method can be used to synthesize 3,3‐disubstitued oxindoles by the direct intramolecular oxidative coupling of an aryl C? H and a C? H center (see scheme; DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide).
Attachment of one electron to 1,2-diBeX-benzene and 1,2-diZnX-benzene derivatives leads to the formation of stronger Be Be and Zn Zn interaction compared to the neutral one. This is reflected in the dramatic shortening of the Be Be and Zn Zn distance. The formation of these 2-center-1-electron bonds have also been confirmed by topological survey of electron density using quantum theory of atoms in molecules and electron localization function. The formation of these bonds is expected to render stability to these radical anions. These radical anions are stable toward electron detachment and computed bond dissociation energy values are also significant. 相似文献