一类生灭过程及其在核天体物理计算中的应用

研究一类生灭过程,利用矩阵分解技巧求出了生灭过程微分方程的解,并将之应用于核天体物理中太阳系慢中子俘获过程重元丰度计算问题研究,计算结果与天文观测值一致.     

太阳系的元素丰度分布与AGB星慢中子俘获元素

通过对AGB星演化模型的理论计算结果和51颗AGB星的观测丰度进行重新分析,发现任何AGB星与慢中子俘获过程(s过程)主要分量对应的重元素(简称SMH元素)丰度分布都与对应的太阳系s过程主要分量的元素丰度分布相似,这表明,任意AGB星SMH元素丰度分布的迭加结果与对应的太阳系s过程主要分量的元素丰度分布相似,由此得出结论:太阳系s过程主要分量的重元素丰度分布模式是一个典型的模式,可以作为标准用于单星重元素丰度的研究.     

Free vibrations of a tire as a toroidal membrane

A tire is modeled as a toroidal membrane under internal pressure and mounted on a rim, to investigate its free vibration characteristics using a 12 d.o.f. rectangular membrane finite element. Such a modeling is valid if the tire is assumed to be incapable of supporting any weight in the absence of internal pressure. To verify the formulations of the membrane finite element, a flat rectangular membrane subject to in-plane loads and a circular cylindrical membrane under internal pressure are first analyzed. Analytical solutions for these cases are also derived. The analytical and numerical results are in good agreement. A toroidal membrane under internal pressure, assumed to model a low pressure tire, is studied next. Both the analytical derivation and the finite element solutions are presented. For the analytical solution the equations of motion yield a complicated differential equation for which an approximate solution is obtained by assuming that the parallel circle radius is constant as in the case of a bycycle wheel. The finite element solution successfully predicts the symmetrical and the twisting modes of vibration documented by other researchers, and is also in good agreement with the analytical results. The present formulations are useful to obtain a good first approximation of the free vibration response of a tire.     

Plane wave interpolation in direct collocation boundary element method for radiation and wave scattering: numerical aspects and applications

The classical boundary element formulation for the Helmholtz equation is rehearsed, and its limitations with respect to the number of variables needed to model a wavelength are explained. A new type of interpolation for the potential is then described in which the usual boundary element shape functions are modified by the inclusion of a set of plane waves, propagating in a range of directions. This is termed the plane wave basis boundary element method. The modifications needed to the classical procedures, in terms of integration of the element matrices, and location of collocation points are described. The well-known Singular Value Decomposition solution technique, which is adopted here for the solution of the system matrix equation in its complex form, is briefly outlined. The conditioning of the system matrix is analysed for a simple radiation problem. The corresponding diffraction problem is also analysed and results are compared with analytical and classical boundary element solutions. The CHIEF method is adopted to enhance the quality of the solution, particularly in the vicinity of irregular frequencies. The plane wave basis boundary element method is then applied to two problems: scattering of plane waves by an elliptical cylinder and the multiple circular cylinder plane wave scattering problem. In both cases results are compared with analytical solutions. The results clearly demonstrate that the new method is considerably more efficient than the classical approach. For a given number of degrees of freedom, the frequency for which accurate results can be obtained, using the new technique, can be up to three or four times higher than that of the classical method. This makes the method a powerful new addition to our tools for tackling high-frequency radiation and scattering problems.     

Torsional vibration of multi-step non-uniform rods with various concentrated elements

An analytical approach and exact solutions for the torsional vibration of a multi-step non-uniform rod carrying an arbitrary number of concentrated elements such as rigid disks and with classical or non-classical boundary conditions is presented. The exact solutions for the free torsional vibration of non-uniform rods whose variations of cross-section are described by exponential functions and power functions are obtained. Then, the exact solutions for more general cases, non-uniform rods with arbitrary cross-section, are derived for the first time. In order to simplify the analysis for the title problem, the fundamental solutions and recurrence formulas are developed. The advantage of the proposed method is that the resulting frequency equation for torsional vibration of multi-step non-uniform rods with arbitrary number of concentrated elements can be conveniently determined from a homogeneous algebraic equation. As a consequence, the computational time required by the proposed method can be reduced significantly as compared with previously developed analytical procedures. A numerical example shows that the results obtained from the proposed method are in good agreement with those determined from the finite element method (FEM), but the proposed method takes less computational time than FEM, illustrating the present methods are efficient, convenient and accurate.     

Analytic solution of transversal oscillation of quintic non-linear beam with energy balance method and global residue harmonic balance method

Beams are very important element in structures because of its widespread usage in steel construction such as buildings, bridges, aircraft arm, aerospace vehicles and many other industrial usages. To attain a proper design of the beam structures, it is essential to realize how the beam vibrates in its transverse mode which in turn yields the natural frequency of the system. The main objective of present study is to obtain highly accurate analytical solutions for vibrations of a beam with quintic nonlinearity. Two new analytical methods are the improved energy balance method, and the global residue harmonic balance method. Subsequently, the analytical results are compared with the numerical solution of the exact equation in order to evaluate the correctness of the applied approaches.     

Investigating the abundance enrichment pattern of heavy elements in the only observed CEMP-r/s star J004441.04-732136.4 of the SMC

The post-AGB star J004441 is the first and the only one CEMP-r/s star found in SMC.Herein,we investigate the observed abundance pattern of the heavy elements using our parametric model.A consistent fitting results was obtained for the sample star.Based on the low r=0.08,the s-process nucleosynthesis occurred in the interior is supposed to belong to the single neutron-exposure event.The median value ofτ0=0.44(T90.348)1/2mbarn-1supports a higher efficiency of the s-process nucleosynthesis relative to J004441 than that of the solar system,however,the value is not sufficiently high to favor the formation of a lead star.Thus,J004441does not belong to lead star group.The large Csvalue of J004441 supports the intrinsic characteristic of the s-enrichment.The Crvalue is similar with that found in halo CEMP-r/s stars,which indicates that the r-process contributions is critical during heavy element enrichment.This star has a metallicity of[Fe/H]=-1.34,which is larger than that of Galaxy halo CEMP-r/s stars.The reason may be because of the different history of metallicity enrichment between the SMC and the Galaxy halo.     

Analytical Solutions for the Two-Dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equation with a Harmonic Trap

Both the homotopy analysis method and Galerkin spectral method are applied to find the analytical solutions of the two-dimensional and time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation,a nonlinear Schrdinger equation used in describing the system of Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic potential.The approximate analytical solutions are obtained successfully.Comparisons between the analytical solutions and the numerical solutions have been made.The results indicate that they are agreement very well with each other when the atomic interaction is not too strong.     

Longitudinal vibration of multi-step non-uniform structures with lumped masses and spring supports

The governing equation for longitudinal free vibration of a one-step non-uniform bar is reduced to an analytically solvable equation by selecting suitable expressions, such as power functions and exponential functions, for the area variation. The analytical solutions of one-step non-uniform bars are derived and used to obtain the mode shape functions of a multi-step bar with or without lumped masses and spring supports. The eigenvalue equation of such a multi-step bar can be easily established using the fundamental solutions developed in this paper. The new exact approach is presented which combines the recurrence formula and closed form solutions of one step bars. A numerical example demonstrates that the calculated natural frequencies and mode shapes of a high-rise structure are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, verifying the accuracy of the proposed method. This numerical example also shows that one of the advantages of the present method is that the total number of the elements required in the proposed method could be much less than that normally used in conventional finite element methods.     

A new method for true and spurious eigensolutions of arbitrary cavities using the combined Helmholtz exterior integral equation formulation method

Integral equation methods have been widely used to solve interior eigenproblems and exterior acoustic problems (radiation and scattering). It was recently found that the real-part boundary element method (BEM) for the interior problem results in spurious eigensolutions if the singular (UT) or the hypersingular (LM) equation is used alone. The real-part BEM results in spurious solutions for interior problems in a similar way that the singular integral equation (UT method) results in fictitious solutions for the exterior problem. To solve this problem, a Combined Helmholtz Exterior integral Equation Formulation method (CHEEF) is proposed. Based on the CHEEF method, the spurious solutions can be filtered out if additional constraints from the exterior points are chosen carefully. Finally, two examples for the eigensolutions of circular and rectangular cavities are considered. The optimum numbers and proper positions for selecting the points in the exterior domain are analytically studied. Also, numerical experiments were designed to verify the analytical results. It is worth pointing out that the nodal line of radiation mode of a circle can be rotated due to symmetry, while the nodal line of the rectangular is on a fixed position.     

Response of infinite length rods and beams with periodically varying area

This paper develops a solution method for the longitudinal motion of a rod or the flexural motion of a beam of infinite length whose area varies periodically. The conventional rod or beam equation of motion is used with the area and moment of inertia expressed using analytical functions of the longitudinal (horizontal) spatial variable. The displacement field is written as a series expansion using a periodic form for the horizontal wavenumber. The area and moment of inertia expressions are each expanded into a Fourier series. These are inserted into the differential equations of motion and the resulting algebraic equations are orthogonalized to produce a matrix equation whose solution provides the unknown wave propagation coefficients, thus yielding the displacement of the system. An example problem of both a rod and beam are analyzed for three different geometrical shapes. The solutions to both problems are compared to results from finite element analysis for validation. Dispersion curves of the systems are shown graphically. Convergence of the series solutions is illustrated and discussed.     

Burton–Miller-type singular boundary method for acoustic radiation and scattering

This paper proposes the singular boundary method (SBM) in conjunction with Burton and Miller?s formulation for acoustic radiation and scattering. The SBM is a strong-form collocation boundary discretization technique using the singular fundamental solutions, which is mathematically simple, easy-to-program, meshless and introduces the concept of source intensity factors (SIFs) to eliminate the singularities of the fundamental solutions. Therefore, it avoids singular numerical integrals in the boundary element method (BEM) and circumvents the troublesome placement of the fictitious boundary in the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). In the present method, we derive the SIFs of exterior Helmholtz equation by means of the SIFs of exterior Laplace equation owing to the same order of singularities between the Laplace and Helmholtz fundamental solutions. In conjunction with the Burton–Miller formulation, the SBM enhances the quality of the solution, particularly in the vicinity of the corresponding interior eigenfrequencies. Numerical illustrations demonstrate efficiency and accuracy of the present scheme on some benchmark examples under 2D and 3D unbounded domains in comparison with the analytical solutions, the boundary element solutions and Dirichlet-to-Neumann finite element solutions.     

非圆柱形发散梯度折射率棒透镜光线传播轨迹的解析解族

本文研究光线在具有非圆柱形等折射率面的发散型梯度折射率棒透镜中的传播规律,提出在轴向弱非匀条件(即dg~(-1)(z)/dz<<1下近轴子午光线轨迹的一种解析表达式.从该解析式的解析解,棒透镜梯度参数g(z)所满足的条件出发,导出棒透镜的折射率分布族.文中给出了两个线性无关的光线传播轨迹的解析解族,并以一种发散型棒透镜为例讨论了近轴成像特性.     

Analytical approach for the fractional differential equations by using the extended tanh method

In this study, we consider analytical solutions of space–time fractional derivative foam drainage equation, the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries equation with time and space-fractional derivatives and time-fractional reaction–diffusion equation by using the extended tanh method. The fractional derivatives are defined in the modified Riemann–Liouville context. As a result, various exact analytical solutions consisting of trigonometric function solutions, kink-shaped soliton solutions and new exact solitary wave solutions are obtained.     

Free vibrations of a mono-coupled periodic system

Vibration problems of periodic systems can be analyzed efficiently by means of the transfer matrix method. The frequency equation for the whole system is shown to be obtained in terms of the eigenvalues, or their natural logarithms, which are often called “propagation constants”, of the transfer matrix for a single periodic subsystem. In case of a mono-coupled system this frequency equation may be solved graphically by using the propagation constant curve, thereby saving a great deal of computational effort. Two types of mono-coupled systems are considered as numerical examples: a spring-mass oscillating system and a continuous Timoshenko beam resting on regularly spaced knife-edge supports. Depending on whether the transfer matrix is derived by an analytical procedure or by the finite element method, the numerical solutions become either exact or approximate.     

On Direct Transformation Approach to Asymptotical Analytical Solutions of Perturbed Partial Differential Equation

In this article, we will derive an equality, where the Taylor series expansion around ε= 0 for any asymptotical analytical solution of the perturbed partial differential equation （PDE） with perturbing parameter e must be admitted. By making use of the equality, we may obtain a transformation, which directly map the analytical solutions of a given unperturbed PDE to the asymptotical analytical solutions of the corresponding perturbed one. The notion of Lie-Bgcklund symmetries is introduced in order to obtain more transformations. Hence, we can directly create more transformations in virtue of known Lie-Bgcklund symmetries and recursion operators of corresponding unperturbed equation. The perturbed Burgers equation and the perturbed Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equation are used as examples.     

非线性波方程求解的新方法

从Legendre椭圆积分和Jacobi椭圆函数的定义出发，得到了新的变换，并把它用于非线性演化方程的求解.用三个具体的例子，如非线性Klein-Gordon方程、Boussinesq方程和耦合的mKdV方程组，说明了具体的求解步骤.比较方便地得到非线性演化方程或方程组的新解析解，如周期解、孤子解等. 关键词： Jacobi椭圆函数 非线性方程 周期解 孤子解     

Analytical solutions for the spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap

The homotopy analysis method and Galerkin spectral method are applied to find the analytical solutions for the Gross-Pitaevskii equations, a set of nonlinear Schrödinger equation used in simulation of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic potential. We investigate the one-dimensional case and get the approximate analytical solutions successfully. Comparisons between the analytical solutions and the numerical solutions have been made. The results indicate that they are in agreement well with each other when the atomic interaction is weakly. We also find a class of exact solutions for the stationary states of the spin-1 system with harmonic potential for a special case.