槲皮素和芦丁与牛血清白蛋白相互作用研究

本文用荧光光谱法研究了槲皮素、芦丁与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,确定槲皮素、芦丁对BSA的荧光猝灭类型是静态猝灭,并计算出不同温度下槲皮素、芦丁与BSA的结合常数,由热力学参数确定它们间主要是疏水作用力,并依据F ster能量转移原理求得其结合距离及能量转移效率,探讨了小分子-蛋白质作用规律。     

流动注射化学发光法测定槐米中槲皮素

在碱性溶液中槲皮素对过氧化氢氧化鲁米诺而产生的化学发光(CL)具有很强的抑制作用,且其CL强度的减弱程度与槲皮素浓度之间在一定的范围内呈线性关系。据此,并结合应用流动注射(FI)技术,提出了FI-CL测定槐米中槲皮素含量的方法。反应体系中所用试剂的最佳浓度为:①cH2O2=0.2mol.L-1;②c鲁米诺=8.5×10-4mol.L-1;③cNaOH=0.01mol.L-1。对槲皮素测定的线性范围为2.65×10-6～5.31×10-4mol.L-1之间,其检出限(3s/k)为9.26×10-7mol.L-1。用4×10-4mol.L-1槲皮素标准溶液进行精密度试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=11)为3.0%。分析试样时,先从槐米在pH 8～9的碱性溶液中提取芦丁,然后在微酸性(pH 5)溶液中使芦丁水解得到槲皮素粗品。将此粗品经反复重结晶得到槲皮素纯品,溶于乙醇(40+60)溶液中制成溶液,用于FI-CL分析。     

高效毛细管电泳-安培检测法用于芦丁水解常数的研究

用高分辨率、高灵敏度的毛细管电泳-安培检测法对芦丁水解的速率常数进行了研究，建立了芦丁及其水解产物槲皮素的定量分析方法。在优化电泳条件下，该方法能同时检测芦丁和槲皮素的峰电流随水解反应的进行而发生的变化。根据芦丁随着水解时间的不同而发生的浓度变化，计算求得水解的速率常数，并总结了温度对速率常数影响的规律。将方法用于芦丁和槲皮素的检测，芦丁与槲皮素的检测限分别为0．6g／L和6．2mg／L；RSD(n=7)分别为2．36％和3．12％。用于槐米中芦丁检测的回收率为97．6％。分析结果表明，此法用于测定芦丁水解常数简便、直观，用于芦丁和槲皮素的检测可靠性和重现性均很好。     

芦丁-槲皮素双模板印迹聚合物的制备、表征及识别

以芦丁(RT)-槲皮素(QT)为混合模板分子制备了芦丁-槲皮素复合模板分子印迹聚合物。 优化了制备条件,研究了模板用量比、功能单体及交联剂用量对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响。 用傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电镜对分子印迹聚合物进行结构表征。 探讨了分子印迹聚合物的吸附动力学、等温吸附及键合位点特征,考察了其选择识别性能,并以分子印迹聚合物为吸附介质,萃取分离芦丁粗提液中的目标化合物。 结果表明,当槲皮素与芦丁的摩尔比为3:2,且模板总量与功能单体及交联剂用量摩尔比为1:8:10时,所得分子印迹聚合物的吸附性能最好,对槲皮素和芦丁的吸附量分别达47.86和60.97 mg/g。 吸附可在3.5 h内达到平衡,显示了较快的吸附动力学。 Scatchard分析表明,分子印迹聚合物基体中存在四类不同性能的键合位点,分别为芦丁和槲皮素的高亲和键合位点及非选择键合位点。 相对分布系数(k=K_d(RT)/K_d(QT),K_d=q_e/ρ_e,K_d为分布系数,q_e为平衡吸附量,ρ_e为平衡质量浓度)大于1,表明了分子印迹聚合物对芦丁具有更高的选择键合作用,当模拟混合物中芦丁和槲皮素浓度分别为0.07和0.03 mmol/L时,相对分布系数和分离因子(α=q_e(RT)/q_e(QT))分别达6.669和25.02。 另外,以乙腈、甲醇及甲醇-醋酸混合物依次为洗脱剂,通过分子印迹固相萃取可从槐米提取物中分离芦丁和槲皮素两种黄酮类化合物,总回收率分别为96.70%和94.67%。     

槲皮素类似物关键中间体的合成研究

槲皮素(Quercetin,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy flavanone)是一种具有多种生理活性的黄酮类化合物,广泛分布于食用和药用植物如洋葱、茶叶、银杏等中[1].槲皮素具有许多重要的生理活性,如心血管保护、抗癌、抗炎、抗过敏、抑制神经功能衰退等[2],多年来学者对它的研究大多局限在槲皮素(图1)羟基上的修饰[3-5].     

4-(3-吡啶基)-2-巯基咪唑修饰金电极对芦丁和槲皮素的电催化作用及其同时测定

利用分子自组装技术制备了4-(3-吡啶基)-2-巯基咪唑(PMI)修饰金电极。采用一阶微分线性扫描伏安法同时测定芦丁和槲皮素的含量,发现两氧化峰相差200 mV左右。在优化条件下,在共存溶液中当芦丁及槲皮素分别在5.0~100.0μmol/L和10.0~150.0μmol/L浓度范围内,其氧化峰电流与浓度有良好的线性关系,检出限分别为1.0μmol/L和2.0μmol/L。此法可用于杜仲叶中芦丁和槲皮素含量的测定。     

芦丁和槲皮素的几种快速鉴定方法

采用热分析(TA)、红外光谱法(FTIR)和X-射线衍射技术(XRD)对以槐米为原料制备的芦丁和槲皮素提取物进行了测定,通过分析二者谱图特征探讨快速鉴别这两种黄酮类化合物的方法。实验结果表明,芦丁的微商热重(DTG)曲线于278℃出现明显的热分解失重峰,差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线未出现明显相变峰;槲皮素的DTG曲线于349℃出现明显的失重峰,DSC曲线分别于323和361℃出现一个吸热峰和一个放热峰。红外谱图显示,3386 cm-1羟基伸缩振动吸收峰,1656 cm-1羰基伸缩振动吸收峰以及2931、1064、881 cm-1糖基的特征吸收峰可作为区分芦丁和槲皮素的标准峰。芦丁的X-射线衍射图谱呈多峰重叠的弥散峰,结晶度低;而槲皮素峰形明锐,结晶度高。因此,热分析、红外光谱及X-射线衍射技术可用于鉴别芦丁和槲皮素,相应谱图可作为它们各自的特征指纹图谱。     

微柱高效液相色谱法测定苦荞中芦丁和槲皮素

研究了用微柱高效液相色谱法测定苦荞中芦丁和槲皮素的方法。苦荞中的芦丁和槲皮素用90%甲醇加热回流提取,以Waters XterraTMRP18(1.0 mm×50 mm,2.5μm)色谱柱为固定相,1%的乙酸和甲醇为流动相,在该色谱条件下,苦荞中芦丁和槲皮素在2.0 min内可达到基线分离,用紫外二极管矩阵检测器检测,方法用于4种苦荞试样中芦丁和槲皮素的测定,分析结果的RSD在0.51%~1.20%之间,回收率在98%~102%间。     

毛细管区带电泳法研究不同炮制方法对槐花、槐米中芦丁和槲皮素含量的影响

建立了一种毛细管区带电泳(CZE)法测定芦丁和槲皮素的方法,利用该方法研究了不同炮制方法对槐花、槐米中芦丁和槲皮素含量的影响。研究了缓冲溶液pH和浓度、分离电压、有机添加剂的浓度和进样时间对分离的影响,在优化条件下,上述两种物质在5 min内实现良好分离。芦丁和槲皮素峰面积和质量浓度分别在0.04~1.8和0.02~2.0 g.L-1浓度范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.999 2和0.999 4,检出限分别为8和5 mg.L-1。试验结果表明,炮制方法影响槐花和槐米中芦丁、槲皮素的含量。     

偏最小二乘-分光光度法同时测定芦丁与槲皮素的方法研究

芦丁和槲皮素在紫外区的最大吸收波长接近,吸收光谱严重重叠,普通光度法分析难以实现两者的直接测定.该文通过测定以1∶4甲醇-水为溶剂的芦丁、槲皮素标准混合溶液在200～500 nm波长范围的吸收光谱,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS法)建立校正模型,对样品中的芦丁和槲皮素的含量进行预测,建立了偏最小二乘-分光光度法同时测定芦丁和...     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。