低杂波注入对剥离气球模的作用

基于BOUT++代码研究了托卡马克高约束模等离子体中低杂波(LHW)注入对边缘台基区剥离气球模(P-B模)线性和非线性特性的影响.模拟中分别考虑了LHW驱动的常规主等离子体电流和刮削层螺旋电流丝(HCF)产生三维扰动磁场对P-B模的作用.线性结果表明,LHW驱动的主等离子体电流通过降低平衡的归一化压强梯度和磁剪切,使得线性环向模谱整体向高模数和低增长率的方向移动.非线性模拟表明,由于线性模谱的展宽,LHW驱动的主等离子体电流对P-B模不同模式具有整体的抑制效果,可以降低边缘局域模(ELM)造成的台基能量损失;LHW驱动HCF产生的三维扰动磁场可以通过增强不同模式之间的耦合,促进主模之外的其他模式增长来降低ELM造成的能量损失.研究发现,HCF产生的三维扰动磁场促进增长的P-B模式集中在较高模数,当P-B模的主导模式远离此模数区间,ELM能量损失降低更明显.研究结果有助于深入理解LHW控制ELM实验中的物理机制.     

HT-7 Tokamak离子回旋波和低杂波等离子体逃逸电子行为研究

HT-7 Tokamak拥有离子回旋波(ICRF)和低杂波(LHW)两套加热系统.ICRF主要对加热离子有比较好的加热效果,LHW则主要是通过电子Landau阻尼加热电子.除此之外,在ICRF和LHW协同加热的条件下,可以对等离子体产生更有效的加热效果,增加等离子体的聚变反应截面,增加聚变中子产额.本文报道了LHW对改善ICRF和等离子体耦合的重要作用,ICRF和LHW加热等离子体中电子温度随时间的演化过程,计算了放电过程中电子逃逸的阈值能量,分析了逃逸电子的产生过程,以及放电过程中的中子产额.研究结果发     

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采用Langmuir探针方法对氢等离子体中电子密度和电子能量概率函数随射频功率的变化进行研究,发现电子密度在射频功率增加过程中出现两次跳跃。通过发射光谱法测得氢等离子体Hα、Hβ和Hγ三条谱线强度比值的变化,进一步验证了密度跳跃现象。该现象说明氢等离子体的放电模式发生了从电感耦合到电容耦合再到螺旋波模式的转变。从电子与氢分子的相互作用和Nagoya type Ⅲ型(N-型)天线电场耦合作用两方面解释密度跳跃现象。随着输入功率的增加,电子与氢分子相互作用增强,使电子密度发生跃变;当天线横向电场Ey取最大值,螺旋波轴向波矢kz分别为π/la和3π/la时天线与等离子体耦合最好,分别产生两次密度跳跃。     

HL-2A装置边缘等离子体的实验观测

HL-2A装置边缘等离子体在中平面的特性是通过可移动的探针组、快速扫描气动4探针和LHW天线边缘的固定4探针进行研究的。用于测量主等离子体边缘的温度、密度、悬浮电位、空间电位、径向和极向电场、雷诺协强、径向和极向等离子体流速及其径向分布。偏滤器靶板上的14组嵌入式静电3探针阵列用于测量同一环向截面的内外中性化板上的电子温度、密度、悬浮电位及其分布。     

S—Ka频段电磁波在等离子体中传输特性的实验研究

在感应耦合等离子体风洞上开展了等离子体中电磁波传输特性实验研究,获得了不同频率电磁波在等离子体中的传输衰减.通过微波诊断技术,获得了等离子体射流的电子数密度和碰撞频率.通过矢量网络分析仪和标准增益天线组成的电磁波传输特性测试系统,获得了电磁波经过等离子体之后的衰减,研究了电子数密度范围7.0×10~(10)-1.0×10~(13)cm~(-3)、等离子体碰撞频率在109 Hz量级的等离子体对2.6—40 GHz不同频率电磁波传输特性的影响,分析了经典传输理论和薄层理论预测结果与实验结果的差异.该实验工作为等离子体中电磁波传输特性的理论研究和数值仿真提供了基础数据.     

HL—1M装置LHCD和ECRH实验的边缘流速和电场测量

在聚变装置中等离子体边界条件对整个等离子体约束性能的影响是非常敏感的。L－H模转换机制与边界径向电场Er,Er的梯度及极向旋转速度等参数密切相关。同时,边缘等离子体的径向输运与边缘极向电场Eθ的变化有关。在HL－1M装置中利用低杂波（LHW）注入和电子回旋加热（ECRH）实验,观测边缘等离子体流速和电场的径向分布和变化来研究改善约束性能与Eθ、Er,dEr/dr及边界涨落的关系。     

多源感应耦合等离子体的产生及等离子体诊断

基于单组多匝线圈的小腔体感应耦合等离子体，研究了线圈配置与耦合效率等之间的关联，并将实验结果应用到多组并联螺旋天线感应耦合等离子体放电体系中.采用了改进的朗谬尔探针方法对单源和多源感应耦合等离子体的电参量分别进行了表征.结果表明，使用多螺旋天线并联方式可以产生低气压高密度的感应耦合等离子体放电，通过调整工艺参量，可以将等离子体密度和光刻胶的刻蚀均匀性控制在80％以上. 关键词： 多源感应耦合等离子体 朗谬尔探针 等离子体灰化     

HL-1M装置边缘参数测量

在HL－1M装置上利用马赫／郎缪尔探针分别在欧姆放电,低杂波注入,中性束注入,离子回旋加热和电子回旋加热等情况下测量下刮离层和等离子体边缘的极向流速度和电场,得到了它们的径向分布,研究了LHW,NBI,ICRH和ECRH对改善等离子体约束性能,边缘粒子的径向传输的影响。     

HL-1M装置超声分子束流注入过程中的团簇现象

在ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上最近改进后的超声分子束流加料实验中,发现边缘等离子体的Ｈａ线辐射信号沿大环方向同有序变化。在超声分子束注入口附近区域,Ｈａ信号为长方形正脉冲,类似于分子束注入脉冲,而在远离注入口区域的边缘Ｈａ信号为负尖脉冲。在注入口附近区域,用静电探针测得的径向电子温度和密度在超声分子束注入期间分别下降和上升了一个数量级。ＣＣＤ相机拍摄分子束与等离子体相互作用产生的Ｈａ线辐射强度分布等实验结果表     

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通过中平面活动10探针组、往复快速扫描4探针和低杂波天线口的固定4探针测量了主等离子体边缘的温度、密度、悬浮电位、径向和极向电场、雷诺协强、径向和极向等离子体流速及其径向分布。用偏滤器靶板上的14组嵌入式静电3探针阵列测量了同一环向截面的内外中性化板上的电子温度、密度、悬浮电位及其分布。比较了在孔栏位形和偏滤器位形下边缘等离子体特性的差异,特别是两种位形下边缘温度和密度衰减长度的变化。分析了在多脉冲超声分子束加料和低杂波注入条件下的边界等离子体特性,以及雷诺协强的径向梯度与极向流和径向电场梯度与湍流损失的相互关系。     

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The synergy current drive by combining electron cyclotron wave (ECW) with lower hybrid wave (LHW) can be used to either increase the noninductive current drive efficiency or shape the plasma current profile. In this paper, the synergy current drive by ECW and LHW is studied with numerical simulation. The nonlinear relationship between the wave powers and the synergy current of ECW and LHW is revealed. When the LHW power is small, the synergy current reduces as the ECW power increases, and the synergy current is even reduced to lower than zero, which is referred as negative synergy in the this context. Research shows that the mechanism of the negative synergy is the peaking effect of LHW power profile and the trapped electrons effect. The present research is helpful for understanding the physics of synergy between electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive, it can also instruct the design of experiments.     

Experimental characteristics of a lower hybrid wave multi-junction coupler in the HT-7 tokamak

A phase-controlled lower hybrid wave (LHW) multi-junction (MJ) coupler (3(rows)×(columns)× (subwaveguides)) has been developed in the HT-7 tokamak. Simulations show that it is more effective for driving plasma current than an ordinary phase-controlled LHW antenna (3(rows)×12(columns)) (traditional coupler). The plasma--wave coupling experiments show that the reflection coefficient (RC) is below 10%, implying that the MJ grill can launch the wave into the plasma effectively. The effect of power spectrum launched by the MJ coupler on RC indicates that an optimal condition is requisite for a better coupling in the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments. Studies indicate that the drive efficiency of the MJ antenna is higher than that of the traditional one, which is mainly ascribed to the discrepancy in impurity concentration, plasma temperature, and spectrum directivity. An improved confinement with an electron internal transport barrier is obtained by LHCD. The analysis shows that the modified negative (low) magnetic shear and the change of radial electric field profile due to LHCD are possible factors responsible for the eITB formation.     

Study of Electron Heat Pulse Propagation and Particle Diffusion During the Synergy of LHW and IBW Heating in the HT-7

A successful experiment on lower hybrid wave (LHW) and ion Bernstein wave (IBW) synergy has been carried out in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak. With 560KW of LHW heating power and 160 KW of IBW heating power, during the synergy of the LHW and IBW experiment we achieved an improved plasma: the electron density increased and peaked, the soft X intensity increased too. A five-channel far-infrared (FIR) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer was used to measure the electron density profile. The particle diffusion coefficient was studied for the experiment, and the result compared with the heat diffusion coefficient. With the same injected LHW and IBW power, high electron density n_e can deduce the electron pulse propagation and the particle diffusion.     

Optimized calculation of the synergy conditions between electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive on EAST

The optimized synergy conditions between electron cyclotron current drive(ECCD) and lower hybrid current drive(LHCD) with normal parameters of the EAST tokamak are studied by using the C3PO/LUKE code based on the understanding of the synergy mechanisms so as to obtain a higher synergistic current and provide theoretical reference for the synergistic effect in the EAST experiment. The dependences of the synergistic effect on the parameters of two waves(lower hybrid wave(LHW) and electron cyclotron wave(ECW)), including the radial position of the power deposition, the power value of the LH and EC waves, and the parallel refractive indices of the LHW(N) are presented and discussed.     

低杂波在托卡马克中的波导耦合特性

木文研究了托卡马克中隔板附近的密度陡变对低杂波波导发射和耦会的影响,发现在密度快变区存在大的波反射,严重影响了波导的耦合效率,反射的波在密度快变区和真空壁之间造成驻波场,改变了功率和能流的谱分布,使它们对等离子体边界性质变得十分敏感,此外,密度的快变还可能放宽可近性条件。 关键词：     

HT—7超导托卡马克最新实验进展

HT－7超导托卡马克在过去的一年中取得较大进展：高参数放电时间长度接近4s,总加热功率超过1MW,在低杂波全波驱动、电流爬升、离子回旋共振加热、双波协同效应,射频壁处理,低环电压启动等方面都取得可喜的结果。     

EAST低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟

应用改进后的低杂波电流驱动程序对EAST进行了低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟。通过模拟发现,波注入位置、功率谱、等离子体温度和密度对低杂波的功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布有很大影响。通过选取合适的低杂波功率谱、等离子体温度和密度,可以实现对其功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布的控制。     

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应用改进后的低杂波电流驱动程序对EAST进行了低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟。通过模拟发现,波注入位置、功率谱、等离子体温度和密度对低杂波的功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布有很大影响。通过选取合适的低杂波功率谱、等离子体温度和密度,可以实现对其功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布的控制。     

Low Frequency Rf Heating with a Helical Coupler in a Hot Electron Plasma

A magnetic mirror (mirror ratio 2.38:1) containing ECRH generated hydrogen plasma, with a density of 5 x 1010 cm-3 with cold electron temperature of 11 eV, was used to study propagation of an artificially launched wave varying as ej(?t + m? - kz) at approximately the ion cyclotron frequency. The wave was transmitted between two similar internally placed helically wound antennas separated by 11 wavelengths. The coupling between them was enhanced by as much as 50 times in the presence of plasma. The m = 1 left-handed component was cut off when ? > ?ci. Electron temperatures could be increased by more than 2 times with the m = 1 mode, presumably due to ion heating. Little pump-out was observed.