Above-threshold detachment of negative ions by circularly polarized few-cycle laser fields

In accordance with nonperturbative quantum scattering theory,we investigate photoelectron angular distributions(PADs) from above-threshold detachment(ATD) of negative ions irradiated by circularly polarized few-cycle laser fields.Electrons ejected on the polarization plane demonstrate distinct anisotropies in angular distributions which distinctly vary with the carrier-envelope(CE) phase.The anisotropy is caused by interference between transition channels;it also depends strongly on laser frequency,pulse duration,and kinetic energy of photoelectrons.Optimal emission of photoelectrons,which varies with CE phase,makes it possible to control photoelectron motion.     

Two-electron photodetachment of negative ions in a strong laser field

We study the photodetachment of H-, F-, and Br- in a short laser pulse of 800 nm wavelength and 6 x 10(14) W/cm2 peak intensity. Photoelectron spectra, recorded with the use of an imaging technique, reveal a substantial contribution from the sequential process of double detachment of halogen negative ions. The saturation effect is shown to play a crucial role in this process. The role of the alignment of atoms produced by photodetachment is discussed.     

Quantum path control in the presence of a half-cycle pulse to generate isolated attosecond pulse

Quantum path control on the harmonic emission from hydrogen molecular ion is investigated via combining an intense few-cycle laser and a half-cycle pulse (HCP). The results show that the quantum paths of returning electrons can be effectively modified due to the introduction of the HCP which extremely dominates the acceleration process of ionized electron. With the favorable conditions, the long quantum path is completely eliminated and an isolated 61 as pulse can be obtained by superposing proper harmonics. Moreover, the electron wave packet distributions and the double-well model are presented to explore the underlying physical mechanism.     

The above-threshold ionization spectrum in a strong linearly polarized laser field

We use the saddle-point method to derive analytical expressions for the spectral-angular probability distributions of the ionization by a strong linearly polarized laser field in Keldysh’s model that are valid for an arbitrary electron energy and adiabaticity parameter. We obtain asymptotic expansions of the general formulas in the multiphoton and tunneling regimes, analyze their accuracy, and formulate the validity conditions. We provide literal estimates of the parameters that characterize the properties and evolution of the distributions.     

Electron detachment from negative hydrogen and lithium ions by an ultrashort laser pulse

A model of electron detachment from negative ions is based on the approximation of instantaneous perturbation. A simple analytical representation for the ground state of the weakly bound electron is chosen to reproduce the radial distribution of electron density at any distance from the center of the ion. The probabilities of electron detachment from negative hydrogen and lithium ions are derived as functions of the transferred momentum of the laser field. The contribution of the inner shells of ions to the electron detachment is estimated. The momentum distribution of electrons in the final state is obtained. The effect of a pulse train on the total probability of detachment is considered for different pulse polarities. The conditions for the partial electron return to the initial state are revealed.     

Threshold-related enhancement of the high-energy plateau in above-threshold detachment

We present nonperturbative theoretical results showing a resonant-like enhancement of above-threshold detachment spectra in the region of the high-energy plateau as the laser intensity sweeps across channel thresholds. This enhancement has a pure quantum origin stemming from well-known threshold phenomena in multichannel problems whose features are clearly demonstrated in our numerical results. Similar well-known anomalies at neutral atom thresholds are expected to explain experimentally observed resonant-like enhancements of above-threshold ionization spectra.     

长脉冲激光场中H原子的阈上电离的理论研究

利用基于密度泛函理论下的窗算符技术求解含时薛定谔方法计算了H原子在长脉冲强激光场中能量谱, 并与文献[8]中的动量空间的投影技术方法的计算结果进行了比较。在文献[8]给出的最大光电子能量范围内,我们的计算结果与文献[8]中的计算结果符合得很好,但是我们的计算结果能够给出比文献[8]中能量更高的光电子能谱,光电子能量谱的变化趋势也与实际的物理过程相符。同时我们也给出了最大光电子能量与激光强度关系的经验公式,利用我们的经验公式计算的最大光电子能量与经典计算预测的最大光电子能量符合得很好,这表明们的计算方法可靠,能够给出高精度的计算结果。因此利用基于密度泛函理论下的窗算符方法能很好地用来研究H原子在长脉冲强激光场中的阈上电离的性质。     

通过梯形激光场和半周期场的合成扩展高次谐波截止频率

本文提出了一个在少周期梯形激光场上叠加半周期场来扩展高次谐波谱截止频率的方案.通过采用求解含时薛定谔方程,理论模拟了一维模型氢分子离子体系在不同激光场条件下的高次谐波谱,并结合时频分布图,分析了半周期场对高次谐波产生的影响.计算结果表明,使用梯形激光和半周期场的组合方法,可以有效实现扩展谐波截止频率的目的 .     

通过梯形激光场和半周期场的合成扩展高次谐波截止频率

本文提出了一个在少周期梯形激光场上叠加半周期场来扩展高次谐波谱截止频率的方案。通过采用求解含时薛定谔方程,理论模拟了一维模型氢分子离子体系在不同激光场条件下的高次谐波谱,并结合时频分布图,分析了半周期场对高次谐波产生的影响。计算结果表明,使用梯形激光和半周期场的组合方法,可以有效实现扩展谐波截止频率的目的。     

Photodetachment microscopy of the hydrogen negative ion in electric field near a metal surface

According to the semi-classical theory, we study the photodetachment microscopy of H^- in the electric field near a metal surface. During the photodetachment, the electron is photo-detached by a laser and the electron is drawn toward a position-sensitive detector. The electron flux distribution is measured as a function of position. Two classical paths lead the ion to any point in the classically allowed region on the detector, and waves traveling along these paths produce an interference pattern. If the metal surface perpendicular to the electric field is added, we find that the interference pattern is related not only to the electron energy and the electric-field strength, but also to the ion--surface distance. Besides, the laser polarization also has a great influence on the electron flux distribution. We present calculations predicting the interference pattern that may be seen in experiment. We hope that our study can provide a new understanding of the electron flux distribution of negative ions in external field and surface, and can guide the future experimental research on the negative ion photo-detachment microscopy.     

High-order above-threshold ionization of heteronuclear diatomic molecules by a strong laser field with arbitrary polarization

The molecular strong-field approximation is applied to calculate angle-resolved photoelectron spectra in the process of high-order above-threshold ionization of carbon-monoxide molecules by an elliptically polarized laser field. The theory is formulated to include the Stark shift of the initial bound state of the valence electron. It is shown that the angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of aligned CO molecules exhibit pronounced minima which can be explained by destructive interference of two partial T-matrix contributions. The dependence of contributing partial amplitudes on the laser field ellipticity is analyzed in detail.     

激光场的空间非均匀性对阈上离化的影响

本文在基本态模型中计及激光场的空间非均匀性,得到了与实验相吻合的结果.     

Angular characteristics of processes of electron detachment from negative ions and hydrogen atoms in gases

The results of experimental measurement of spatial-angular distributions of hydrogen particles (H⁻, H⁰, H⁺) obtained in scattering of a collimated ribbon beam of H⁻ ions and H⁰(1s) atoms in He, Ar, Kr, Xe, H₂, O₂, and CO₂ gas targets for certain values of energy in the range from 0.6 to 15 MeV are reported. The experimental setup and the measurement procedure with an angular resolution of 5×10⁻⁶ rad are described. The angular characteristics of measured distributions, i.e., full width at half maximum and standard deviation, were determined. It is shown that the shape of distribution for a beam of hydrogen atoms produced by neutralization of H⁻ ions in a gas target varies with the type and thickness of the target, and the angular spread is smallest for the H₂ target. The variations in the shape of distribution are due to the contribution of scattering processes without changing the charge of particles.     

High-order above-threshold ionization in a laser field: Influence of the ionization potential on the high-energy cutoff

High-energy above-threshold ionization by a strong linearly polarized laser field is analyzed using the strong-field approximation and the quantum-orbit formalism. An analytical formula for the cutoff is derived. The maximal electron kinetic energy is 10.007U _P + 0.538I _P. The first term with the ponderomotive energy U _P is equivalent to the known classical cutoff law, while the second term is a new result and depends on the ionization potential I _P. The validity of this formula is confirmed by comparison with the numerical results for the high-energy electron spectra.     

High-energy negative ions from expansion of high-temperature femtosecond laser plasma

The atomic, charge and energy distributions of ions in expanding femtosecond laser plasmas have been studied by means of time-of-flight mass–charge spectroscopy. High-energy negative and positive ions with energies of up to 35 keV have been detected during the interaction of 200-fs laser pulses (I2×10¹⁶ W/cm²) with silicon, titanium and other solid targets. A high correlation between negative and positive single-charged ions of the identical atomic number is shown. Negative ions are produced as a result of collisions of fast single-charged ions and neutrals with molecules of residual gas. PACS 52.50.Jm; 52.70.Nc; 52.38.Ph