振幅型复合计算全息模式波前传感理论及验证

全息模式波前传感器是利用复合全息元件对待测波前中像差模式进行直接测量的一种新型波前传感器,其中的复合全息元件可编码设计多阶Zernike像差模式。提出一种有效方案以编码设计振幅型复合计算全息元件,该方案通过将多个编码有某阶Zernike像差模式的透过率调制扭曲光栅叠加产生振幅型计算全息元件。在小像差近似条件下推导了传感器输出信号与Zernike像差模式系数的解析关系。编码设计了振幅型复合全息图,并研究了其对单阶和多阶Zernike像差模式的探测性能。利用液晶光阀加载复合全息图进行了验证实验。所得实验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致。     

振幅型复合计算全息模式波前传感理论及验证

全息模式波前传感器是利用复合全息元件对待测波前中像差模式进行直接测量的一种新型波前传感器,其中的复合全息元件可编码设计多阶Zernike像差模式。提出一种有效方案以编码设计振幅型复合计算全息元件,该方案通过将多个编码有某阶Zernike像差模式的透过率调制扭曲光栅叠加产生振幅型计算全息元件。在小像差近似条件下推导了传感器输出信号与Zernike像差模式系数的解析关系。编码设计了振幅型复合全息图,并研究了其对单阶和多阶Zernike像差模式的探测性能。利用液晶光阀加载复合全息图进行了验证实验。所得实验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致。     

大气湍流三维波前探测模式层析算法分析

大气湍流三维波前探测是实现多层共轭自适应光学技术的关键和前提. 对湍流三维波前探测中最常用的模式法层析技术进行理论研究与分析, 提出该算法存在原理性限制, 并基于此对模式法层析技术产生误差的原因展开分析, 最后针对不同类型的模式层析重构误差给出数值仿真实验结果.分析表明, 模式层析重构中使用了Zernike分解基的一部分作为新的分解基进行波面拟合, 从而引入模式混淆和模式耦合两个方面的误差; 部分Zernike分解基不相关是避免模式混淆误差的必要条件, 模式耦合误差则无法避免. 最后结合仿真结果提出大视场探测、小区域重构的方法, 很好地抑制了模式耦合误差. 关键词： 三维波前探测 大气层析 模式法 误差分析     

相位差法波前传感系统自身误差的分析及消除方法

针对附加像差为离焦的情况,对焦面位置误差、离焦量误差、图像对准误差以及图像噪声等因素带来的波前传感误差进行了数值模拟,并给出了确定焦面位置、对准焦面图像和离焦面图像、精确计算分光比、确定离焦量以及处理图像噪声的方法。使得传感结果的均方根误差分别由0.088 8λ,0.059 0λ,0.128 4λ,4.170 6λ,0.152 6λ降为0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.029 2λ。结果表明:这些方法可以有效地减小传感误差,大大提高了传感精度,为相位差法的实际应用提供了重要的技术支持。     

相位差法波前传感系统自身误差的分析及消除方法

 针对附加像差为离焦的情况,对焦面位置误差、离焦量误差、图像对准误差以及图像噪声等因素带来的波前传感误差进行了数值模拟,并给出了确定焦面位置、对准焦面图像和离焦面图像、精确计算分光比、确定离焦量以及处理图像噪声的方法。使得传感结果的均方根误差分别由0.088 8λ,0.059 0λ,0.128 4λ,4.170 6λ,0.152 6λ降为0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.029 2λ。结果表明:这些方法可以有效地减小传感误差,大大提高了传感精度,为相位差法的实际应用提供了重要的技术支持。     

一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的实验研究

 描述了基于线性相位反演算法的波前传感器的基本组成结构。在实验室内搭建了相应的演示验证实验装置,对该种新型波前测量方法的特性进行了实验研究。实验计算结果表明：这种根据入射全孔径远场光斑强度分布直接反演出入射波前相位的线性相位反演新方法原理是可行的。只需实时测量一幅焦平面图像,根据焦平面上光强分布的微小变化量与入射孔径面上的相位分布的微小变化量之间存在的近似线性关系,就可以用模式复原的原理复原出入射波前相位。传感器对于离焦,像散等像差模式都可以进行较为准确的测量,误差率都小于1。对称系统像差中存在少量的非对称像差对复原结果的准确性影响不大。     

Eigenfunctions of Laplacian for phase estimation from wavefront gradient or curvature sensing

Modal cross coupling usually exists in wavefront estimation through Zernike polynomials. In order to cope with the problem, the eigenfunctions of Laplacian with Neumann boundary condition are proposed instead of Zernike polynomials to reconstruct phase from wavefront gradient or curvature sensing. It is proved theoretically that these modals can avoid modal cross coupling in both wavefront gradient sensing and curvature sensing. In wavefront gradient sensing, the coefficients of eigenfunctions of Laplacian can be obtained from the integral of the scalar product between the gradient of Laplacian's eigenfunctions and wavefront gradient signal. In wavefront curvature sensing, the coefficients of eigenfunctions of Laplacian can be calculated from the integral of the product of Laplacian's eigenfunctions and wavefront curvature signal. This approach is applicable on arbitrary apertures as long as eigenfunctions of Laplacian on apertures of arbitrary shape can be obtained.     

Analysis of simultaneous multiple-exposure hologram

The properties of simultaneously recorded multiple hologram are studied. A new model to describe the behaviors of the hologram is proposed. From this model, an analytic formulas of diffraction efficienies are given. It is shown that the efficiencies can not reach at 100％ due to the coupling between diffraction orders through intermodulation gratings. And the comparisions are made for this model with the results by Kogelnik's coupled wave theory for N=1 and those by L. Solymar's model for neglecting the effect of intermodulation gratings respectively. It is shown that these results are in agreement to each other.     

基于Hilbert变换实现数字全息高精度相位重建

为了提高数字全息相位重建精度,研究了基于Hilbert变换重建相位的理论和方法,并通过像面数字全息实验对该方法的有效性进行了验证,同时与数字全息常规重建方法得到的结果进行了比较.结果表明:Hilbert变换本身具有消除直流项的作用,对利用频域滤波滤除零级谱后的全息图进行Hilbert变换,能够彻底消除零级衍射项的干扰,从而提高相位重建精度.与常规重建结果相比,基于Hilbert变换的相位重建结果的标准偏差降低了14.0%.本文结果对提高数字全息相位重建精度具有重要的指导意义.     

Multi-image encryption based on interference of computer generated hologram

A multi-image encryption scheme based on interference of computer generated holograms (CGH) is proposed. The encrypted information can be divided into several parts and recorded by corresponding CGHs that distribute randomly. With interference of all CGHs, the original information can be reconstructed. So the multi-image encryption is achieved, and every hologram can be regarded as the key to the corresponding image. Multi-user authentication and storage of information is implemented by applying unique CGH to interfere the common CGH. Furthermore, the CGHs can be cascaded to implement classification of images. When images of different level are assigned to corresponding user, hierarchical encryption is completed successfully. Numerical simulation verifies the feasibility of the method, and demonstrates the security of the algorithm and the decryption characteristics. Flexibility and variability of scheme can be higher than the existing methods. There are a lot of scheme's details still to consider and fulfill in the future.     

Numerical reconstruction of an infrared wavefront utilizing an optical phase modulation device

We utilize nitroanisole, that absorbs infrared (IR) radiation as heat, as an optical modulation device based on a thermal process. The nitroanisole exhibits a thermal lens effect, i.e. a temperature dependent refractive index. Hence, the nitroanisole can induce phase modulation to visible light, in direct response to intensity of the incident IR radiation. The proposed method can be used to obtain the phase modulation distribution that corresponds to the IR intensity distribution, i.e. the IR hologram itself, on the nitroanisole by examining the phase map of visible light that is modulated upon passing through the nitroanisole. The IR wavefront can be reconstructed by calculating extracted IR holograms through the Fresnel transform. It is verified that both the amplitude and the phase of the IR wavefront can be reconstructed accurately by proposed method.     

相位差波前检测方法应用于平移误差检测的实验研究

相位差波前检测方法由于其结构简单,对环境要求低,测量精度较高等优点,被应用于诸多领域.本文针对拼接型天文望远镜中主镜的共相位检测问题,对相位差波前检测方法在拼接主镜各子镜间平移误差测量进行理论分析,并搭建了实验光路.实验结果表明:相位差波前检测方法对拼接镜平移误差的测量精度高于λ/20(λ为波长),满足系统对拼接平移误差的要求.     

相位差波前探测与图像重建

相位差技术可以直接利用两幅或多幅图像的强度信息,重构出波前相位信息和目标清晰图像,具有光路简单、成本较低、适用于扩展目标等优点,在望远镜的系统像差检测和目标图像重建方面得到了大量应用。相位差波前探测的关键在于求解非线性代价函数的最优化问题,需要避免陷入局部极值并降低计算时间,才能满足动态变化波前实时探测的需求。同时在重建目标清晰图像时,通常需要做正则化和去噪处理,来提高重建图像的质量。本文主要介绍相位差技术的基本原理,以及近年来的研究进展,并对该技术未来的发展进行了展望。     

体全息存储分维复用串扰噪声分析

基于耦合波理论并引入波矢簇的概念 ,对体全息存储分维复用的串扰噪声进行了分析。在改变参考光俯仰及偏转角度条件下对全息图的读出图像进行了模拟计算 ,给出了实验结果 ,计算得到了二维串扰强度分布。理论及实验证明 ,在改变读出参考光俯仰角的情况下 ,谱面全息图呈现水平带状读出 ,并且带状图样随偏转角改变而上下移动     

Fast hologram generation method for interactive holographic VR-CAD system

In a Virtual Reality based Computer-Aided Design (VR-CAD) system, the designer creates three-dimensional shapes using human-computer interaction (HCI) technique such as voice commands, hand motions, and finger motions. In this system, 3-D displays can provide the visual feedback to the designer a realistic graphical perception about the part she/he is designing. Especially, holographic method is particularly regarded as one of the most attractive approaches for creating the most authentic illusion of observing volumetric objects. Therefore, holographic 3-D display is the most suitable method for the VR-CAD system. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the fast generation method of 3-D hologram pattern using spatio-temporal redundant data of 3-D scene in VR-CAD system. Some experiments are carried out and its results are comparatively discussed with those of the conventional methods in terms of computational speed and required memory space.     

Analysis of temperature change effects on hologram recordingand a compensation method

For commercialization of holographic storage drives, the effects of temperature changes on holographic medium is critical. There has been no systematic study on the effect of temperature change on hologram recording properties. We believe that the monomer-diffusion speed and polymerization rate changes are critical for hologram-recording properties and estimate those parameters on each temperature using the photopolymer medium process simulation we have developed. We describe how these parameters affect actual recording properties such as sensitivity, M=# and so on. Moreover, we propose a method for compensating temperature changes, and confirm the success of this.     

Wavefront reconstruction algorithm for wavefront sensing based on binary aberration modes

We propose a new algorithm for wavefront sensing based on binary intensity modulation. The algorithm is based on the fact that a wavefront can be expended with a series of orthogonal and binary functions, the Walsh series. We use a spatial light modulator(SLM) to produce different binary-intensity-modulation patterns which are the simple linear transformation of the Walsh series. The optical fields under different binary-intensity-modulation patterns are detected with a photodiode.The relationships between the incident wavefront modulated with the patterns and their optical fields are built to determinate the coefficients of the Walsh series. More detailed and strict relationship equations are established with the algorithm by adding new modulation patterns according to the properties of the Walsh functions. An exact value can be acquired by solving the equations. Finally, with the help of phase unwrapping and smoothing, the wavefront can be reconstructed. The advantage of the algorithm is providing an analytical solution for the coefficients of the Walsh series to reconstruct the wavefront. The simulation experiments are presented and the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated.     

The use of commercial fine-grain films for computer-generated holograms

The possible use of commercial fine-grain films for computer-generated binary holograms is described. Three different types of film are used. Image quality improves with film resolution but if the resolving power is higher than a minimum value needed for the phase level resolution, the contrast (γ value) of the film has a pronounced effect on the quality of the image reconstructed optically from the hologram. The possible generation of binary holograms by computers with reduced central memory is also studied.     

Moment analysis of focus-diverse point spread functions for modal wavefront sensing of uniformly illuminated circular-pupil systems

A new concept of using focus-diverse point spread functions (PSFs) for modal wavefront sensing (WFS) is explored. This concept is based on relatively straightforward image moment analysis of measured PSFs, which differentiates it from other focal-plane WFS techniques. The presented geometric analysis shows that the image moments are nonlinear functions of wave aberration coefficients but notes that focus diversity essentially decouples the coefficients of interest from others, resulting in a set of linear equations whose solution corresponds to modal coefficient estimates. The presented proof-of-concept simulations suggest the potential of the concept in WFS with strongly aberrated high signal-to-noise ratio objects in particular.     

一种获得大视角彩虹全息图的新方法：全息共轭法

提出一种利用全息相位共轭法获得大视角彩虹全息图的新方法,和全息聚光屏的概念.与一般彩虹全息法相比,全息相位共轭法所得彩虹全息图的视场不受透镜孔径的限制.简述了全息共轭法的基本原理,从理论上和实验上证明了该方法的可行性.