多幕光学法测量弹丸炸点坐标及误差分析

针对飞行弹丸对空中目标近炸炸点位置测量,提出了多幕光学法测量技术。根据试验特点,分析了多光幕交汇测量弹丸炸点位置存在的问题,研究了采用侧向相机辅助多光幕交汇测量技术。通过相机采集到的炸点图像,建立相机、模拟目标和多光幕交汇光幕阵列空间几何计算模型。利用弹丸的飞行轨迹和弹丸炸点图像平面坐标,研究了弹丸炸点侧向空间坐标的计算方法和多光幕交汇测量系统二维坐标修正原理,给出了弹丸炸点坐标计算函数。利用微分法从交汇光幕夹角、光幕幕厚、测时和测距等方面分析测量误差。经计算分析,模拟目标中心高度小于50m时,炸点三维坐标的误差小于40mm。     

单线阵CCD相机立靶测量原理

针对现有双CCD交汇立靶在室内使用时存在的光源复杂的问题,提出一种单线阵CCD相机立靶测量原理.采用一台线阵CCD相机,配合两个小功率半导体扇形一字线状激光器和投影板作为光源,将CCD相机的探测光幕面和激光光源的光幕面调整在同一个面内,当弹丸穿越探测光幕面时,档住了两个激光器投射在投影板上的部分光线,并在投影板上留下对...     

Measuring principle of vertical target density based on single linear array CCD camera

In consideration of the complexity and the high cost of the dual CCD intersection vertical target when it is used indoor. A novel measuring principle of one linear array CCD camera vertical target is presented. One low-power semiconductor sector-like laser with projection board is used to be the lamp-house of the CCD camera. The detection light screen of the CCD camera and the laser lamp-house are adjusted to same plane. When the projectile through the detection light screen, it blocks the part light of the laser and leaves a shadow of projectile on the board. The shadow and its coordinate are acquired and calculated by the CCD camera and computer, and the projectile coordinate of X and Y can be gotten through image processing and further calculation. The measuring principle and the formulas are given, and the measuring error is analyzed. The result indicates that the coordinate error of X and Y less than 1.5 and 2.2 mm, respectively, when the detection light screens is 1 m × 1 m, The principle presented has the advantages that measurement principle is simple, low cost and easy engineering.     

圆形阵列光电探测系统双目标识别方法

针对双弹丸同时着靶情况下的立靶坐标测量问题,提出一种圆形阵列光电探测系统的双目标识别方法.采用光电探测器件组成1个圆形的探测阵列,并将3个发光角度均为60°的扇形一字线激光器均匀设置于圆形探测阵列上组成探测光幕.当2发弹丸同时穿过探测光幕时,会在圆形探测阵列上产生6个弹丸投影,通过信号处理电路识别6个弹丸投影的中心位置...     

大面积三角形探测光幕灵敏度空域分布分析

分体式探测光幕实现室内靶道弹丸初速测试时,探测光幕的灵敏度直接影响初速测量的精度。研究了线光源配接镜头式接收装置组成大面积三角形探测光幕的灵敏度分布,考虑光学镜头离轴效应和线光源随距离衰减现象,将探测光幕内不同位置处光照度等效到线光源处,假设光幕厚度均匀,弹长始终大于幕厚,弹丸遮挡探测光幕所形成的面积与当前区域光幕截面积之比等效为弹径与当前位置处光幕宽度之比。在4.8 m×2.4 m 三角形探测光幕上进行理论仿真与实弹试验验证,仿真分析与实弹试验结果一致,靠近镜头处灵敏度大,远离镜头处灵敏度小,且关键探测区域内模拟电压幅值标准差为0.05 V,均匀性符合测试要求。研究结果可为三角形探测光幕的工程设计提供参考。     

Phase locking of two beams emitting from a side pumped Nd:YAG slab with self-imaging resonator

Intracavity phase locking of two beams emitting from a block of Nd:YAG medium side-pumped by laser diode array (LDA) was investigated experimentally. The interference fringes of the two beams occured at the output mirror. The coherent output power of 1.13 W was obtained with combination efficiency of 64.9% and coherence degree of about 60%. Only a metallic wire as a filter located at a suitable position close to the output mirror can efficiently lock the entire structure with less than 8% power loss.     

测速天幕靶幕面空间位置检测方法

针对现有的天幕靶幕面空间位置参数检定方法需要拆卸的不足,提出一种不拆卸天幕靶对其探测幕面位置检测的方法。以经纬仪建立基准面,采用放置在基准面内特制的频闪小光源和设定天幕靶输出阈值的方式,根据小光源作用在天幕靶上有信号输出时平移台相对基准面的移动距离,实现天幕靶幕面空间位置参数的检测。将天幕面相对基准位置倾斜2、-2、-5时,所测幕面倾斜角度与实际幕面倾斜角度间误差均小于1,试验结果表明天幕靶幕面位置检定方法精度优于1,与理论分析相一致。该方法不需要拆卸天幕靶,节省了时间,能用于使用中天幕靶的检定。     

基于单片机的LED旋转式显示屏设计

基于视觉暂留特性设计并制作了一个13点线阵LED模块的显示屏。该系统可实现中文字符的显示和动态特效显示,将STC89C52单片机与发光二极管模块固定在电机的旋转轴上通过电机的旋转带动模块转动,再利用单片机控制发光二极管的亮灭,最后利用人眼的视觉暂留,构造出一个旋转的LED显示屏。     

基于自动跟踪LED驱动电压控制电路的创新设计

LED发光二极管在发光时约有80%以上的功率转化成了热能,导致LED发光二极管的PN结温度过高,这是影响LED发光二极管的发光效率与照明功能的主要因素。本文针对上述问题,结合现实情况,设计了一种自动跟踪LED驱动电压的控制电路,从串联稳流单元采样一个电压信号,与本控制电路中的基准电压相比较,产生一个控制信号,去控制所述串联稳流单元前级的开关稳压电源,使它的输出电压随LED灯的工作电压的变化而变化,不增加调整管的功耗。避免了常见的恒压驱动亮度变化大的缺陷,从而大幅度提高LED发光二极管的工作效率,该控制电路结构简单、成本低、损耗小与可靠性高。     

天幕立靶探测光幕响应时间一致性测量方法研究

为验证弹丸穿过天幕立靶时6个光幕响应时间是否一致，以提高测试设备测速精度，提出了一种用于检测天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性的测量方法，设计了一种基于该测量方法的模拟弹丸过幕信号源测试装置。该装置调用存储在ROM中的弹丸轮廓数据，经DA转换控制两路光源间隔亮暗变化一次，用于模拟弹丸依次穿过探测光幕所遮挡的光能量变化。利用信号采集与处理仪同步采集两路输出信号时间间隔，与装置设定时间间隔的差值比较完成测试。测试结果表明:输出两路信号的时间间隔与设定时间间隔间的差值均小于1 μs，满足6个光幕响应时间一致性技术指标要求，该测试装置及测量方法可用于天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性测量。     

Object location fire precision test technology by using intersecting photoelectric detection target

To improve four across screens system measurement precision on flying projectile location, the new method that adds two incline screens to four intersecting screens system to form six intersecting screens was put forward and the flying object coordinate test model was set up. This method not only gains object coordinate but also measures object's pitching and azimuth angle that can amend coordinates and improve measurement precision. The differential methods were used to analyze their measure errors, which came from the angle of intersection screen, the thick of screen, the time and distance of measuring, and give out measure errors distributing. The experimental result shows the new measure method can improve measurement precision that meets test demand.     

Research on an amendments measurement method on projectile burst location

In shooting range, projectile burst location is an important indicator. To solve the question that multi-screens across measure method cannot gain projectile proximity fuze burst location parameters when projectile close to simulation object at high altitude, the method of lateral camera assistant multi-screens across was proposed to amend the coordinates of four screens across system and realize projectile proximity fuze burst three-dimensional coordinates. The principle and existed question of four screens across system in measuring projectile burst coordinate were analyzed, and according to their measure shortcomings, the calculation model of lateral camera assistant four screens across system was set up, its amendment arithmetic was educed and analyzed, at last, the amendment three-dimensional coordinates of projectile burst location was give out based on their space geometry relation, and the measure errors were analyzed. Through experiment, the amendment measure projectile proximity fuze burst three-dimensional coordinates arithmetic was validated, and the results show the amendments measurement method is scientific and feasible.     

Talbot外腔压窄线阵大功率半导体激光器输出谱宽

线阵半导体激光器（LDA）内部发光元周期排列,基于Talbot效应,改进传统Littrow外腔窄线宽系统,在Littrow外腔中置入反射率为20%平平镜构成Talbot外腔以进一步窄化激光器输出谱宽,并将外腔窄线宽输出通过铷池进行吸收实验。实验结果表明：铷池对Tablot外腔输出吸收系数比Littrow外腔吸收系数相对提高42.9%,说明Talbot外腔能有效提高外腔输出谱宽的均匀性,提高半导体激光器泵浦效率。     

Efficiency droop alleviation in blue light emitting diodes using the InGaN/GaN triangular-shaped quantum well

The InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode(LED) is numerically investigated using a triangular-shaped quantum well model,which involves analysis on its energy band,carrier concentration,overlap of electron and hole wave functions,radiative recombination rate,and internal quantum efficiency.The simulation results reveal that the InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode with triangular quantum wells exhibits a higher radiative recombination rate than the conventional light emitting diode with rectangular quantum wells due to the enhanced overlap of electron and hole wave functions(above 90%) under the polarization field.Consequently,the efficiency droop is only 18% in the light emitting diode with triangular-shaped quantum wells,which is three times lower than that in a conventional LED.     

基于激光阴影照相系统的研究

针对目前高速弹丸飞行参数测量系统采用被动光源存在的光源能量利用率低、对环境敏感等问题,研究了一种组合式主动激光阴影照相系统。在对系统理论分析的基础上建立了高速弹丸的空间位置模型和2种测速模型。搭建了激光阴影照相系统试验平台,对系统设计的合理性进行了检验。试验结果表明:2种测速模型都能实现对弹丸飞行速度的测量,并且2种方法的对比误差比较小;弹丸空间位置在X轴方向的均方差为0.795 mm,在Z轴方向的均方差为0.496 mm。与纸靶的测量结果相比,偏离程度在1 mm范围内;该系统能够实现对弹丸飞行参数的测量。     

弧形光源镜头式光幕灵敏度分布研究

针对室内大靶面光幕测试需求,对一种镜头式光幕探测灵敏度进行了分析,探测光幕由弧形光源配接天幕靶组成。介绍了镜头式光幕测试系统的构成,分析了扇面光幕的工作机理,给出了相应的灵敏度计算公式,根据镜头成像和扇面光幕形成原理,研究了光源放置距离R以及镜头物距l对镜头式光幕探测灵敏度的影响,并通过实验进行了验证。研究结果表明:文中所提的镜头式光幕能够正常工作,研究结果对进一步工程化设计提供了参考。     

基于天幕靶的六光幕立靶测量原理

 为了能够同时测量弹丸在斜入射时的速度和着靶坐标,基于天幕靶的六光幕交汇立靶测量原理,利用6套天幕靶在空中形成6个探测光幕,当弹丸以一定的角度入射并依次穿过6个光幕时,由信号采集与处理系统测得弹丸穿过各个光幕的时间间隔,再根据各时间间隔值和系统结构参数,便可以求出弹丸的速度、弹道俯仰角、弹道方位角。给出了测量原理及公式,并对测量误差进行了分析,结果表明,该方法具有精度高且易于工程化的优点。     

用于CCD立靶的双光幕触发系统研究

针对靶场测试当中CCD立靶测量系统需要稳定可靠触发的需求,提出一种双光幕触发系统。采用镜头式光幕探测器配合高亮度LED慢散射光源组成触发探测光幕,利用2个同样的光幕探测器配合测时装置组成区截测速系统,根据测得的速度值判定飞越探测光幕的目标是否为真实弹丸,并决定是否输出触发信号。根据速度值V和触发光幕至CCD探测光幕的距离计算出弹丸飞越至探测光幕的时间,然后在弹丸飞越将近至探测光幕的时刻输出触发信号。该方案不但可以提高系统的稳定性,避免非真实目标对系统的干扰,还可以为后续CCD图像采集系统在准确时刻提供触发信号。经实验证明,所设计的双光幕触发系统的速度测量误差不大于0.4％,完全满足CCD立靶测量系统需要精确触发的要求。     

10m×10m大靶面激光立靶设计

针对10m×10m大靶面、高精度立靶坐标测量的要求,提出了一种激光阵列式光电立靶坐标测量系统,该立靶采用半导体激光平行光管形成平行光光源,高灵敏度光电二极管及相应信号放大、转换电路组成接收阵列,光源和接收器件相距10m,当飞行弹丸穿越激光形成的光幕时,分别在X和Y方向上挡住了投射在某一个或几个光电二极管上的光线,该光电二极管对应的信号放大、转换电路将二极管产生的微弱电信号放大、整形,最后输出脉冲信号,后续信号编码识别电路将判断出被挡住光线的光电二极管的编号,进而得出弹丸穿越该光幕的X坐标和Y坐标。经实弹试验证明,系统具有测量靶面大,精度高的优点。     

基于原向反射式激光光幕厚度一致性研究

在原向反射式激光光幕测速技术中,针对半导体激光光源产生的激光光束散射角使得出射光幕厚度不一致、原向反射屏产生的反射光幕剩余发散角使反射光幕厚度不一致这两方面导致弹丸穿过光幕不同位置触发光幕响应时间不一致的问题,根据几何光学原理,对半导体激光器弧矢与子午方向建立数学模型,设计了具有不同面型的非球面准直透镜组,将出射光斑尺寸控制在1 mm之内且子午和弧矢方向发散角分别为0.13 mrad、0.46 mrad。出射光束经过Powell透镜一维扩束后,形成厚度为1 mm、均匀度达到85.7%的扇形出射光幕,经过原向反射后,配合狭缝光阑使反射光幕有效厚度控制在1 mm。使用Zemax软件模拟弹丸过靶仿真,弹丸不遮挡系统光幕时探测器接收到原向反射光强1.54 mW,弹丸遮挡系统光幕时探测器接收到原向反射光强为1.03 mW。当弹丸紧贴出射光幕侧面边缘(即1 mm光幕边缘),分别距离光源100 mm、300 mm、500 mm处的弹丸触发探测器接收到的光强大小均为1.54 mW,显然,光强相对于无弹丸遮挡光幕情况下没有产生变化,证明系统有效可探测光幕厚度一致且为1 mm。该结果表明,本研究方案具有可行性。