Polychromatic intensity point spread function of a birefringent lens

We study the intensity point spread function (IPSF) of a uniaxial birefringent lens sandwiched between two linear polarizers under broadband illumination having flat-top spectral profile. The optic axis of the birefringent crystal is perpendicular to the lens axis. For monochromatic input illumination, a low-power birefringent lens offers enhanced resolution under parallel-polarizers configuration and apodization under crossed-polarizers configuration with a single focus as well. At a relatively high value of birefringence parameter, the proposed system behaves as a double-focus lens. The present communication uses a novel technique to study the effect of polychromatic illumination on the imaging characteristics of birefringent lenses. The studies reveal that the imaging characteristics of the low-power birefrigent lens does not deteriorate considerably under polychromatic illumination. However, for a polychromatic beam with large bandwidth, the imaging behavior of the system having high birefringence parameter deviates appreciably from that under strictly monochromatic illumination. The said system even loses its inherent bi-focal nature due to depolarization of polarized polychromatic light upon passage through the birefringent crystal.     

Imaging characteristics of a birefringent lens under broadband illumination

This paper reports the imaging characteristics of an optical system consisting of a lens made of a uniaxial birefringent crystal sandwiched between two linear polarizers under polychromatic input illumination. The optic axis of the birefringent crystal is perpendicular to the lens axis and for an initial investigation, the spectral profile of the input beam is considered to be uniform for all wavelengths. The study reveals that if the variation of the birefringence parameters of the device with the wavelength is less, a larger bandwidth may be used without considerably deviating from the imaging characteristics under strictly monochromatic illumination. The nonlinear variation of birefringence with wavelength results in an asymmetric axial irradiance distribution. This obviates an optimal operating wavelength as well as a proper choice of the lens material. It is found that no appreciable change in image quality under diffraction-limited condition results for an input beam having 632 nm operating wavelength and 60 nm bandwidth. Therefore, it may be feasible to use this system with a white light source in conjunction with a wavelength-selective filter.     

Simple system for evaluating retardation of liquid crystal cells using grating type liquid crystal polarization splitters

We propose a unique optical system for measuring the retardation of birefringent films using a pair of liquid crystal (LC) gratings; that is, the examined birefringent films are inserted between two LC gratings. Because the LC grating functions as a polarization beam splitter for circularly polarized light, the proposed system is optically equivalent to the measurement system using a pair of two circular polarizers. First, the polarization splitting performance of the LC grating is discussed. It is found that a sufficiently high voltage (such that the retardation is less than a half wavelength) has to be applied for the almost pure circularly polarized diffracted light. Next, the measurement of the retardation of a homogeneous LC cell as an examined birefringent film was demonstrated using the proposed method. The proposed method is revealed to have the same measurement performance as that of the conventional method using a pair of linear polarizers and has an advantage that there is no need for the optic axis of the test birefringent specimen to be set at a specific angle.     

改进型基于径向双折射晶体的超分辨滤波器

改进了现有的基于径向双折射晶体的横向超分辨滤波器.通过调整偏振器的偏振方向和晶体光轴之间的夹角,改进的滤波器可以实现更广的超分辨可调范围,并且在相同的条件下,相对于现有的连续振幅型超分辨光瞳滤波器,超分辨性能和焦深都有较大提高.改进的超分辨滤波器,为实际应用提供了更多方便.     

Transverse superresolution with the radial continuous transmittance filter

The radial continuous transmittance filter is presented to realize transverse superresolution. It consists of two parallel polarizers and a radial birefringent element sandwiched between of them. By adjusting the angle between optical axis of the radial birefringent element and the polarization direction of the polarizers, transverse superresolution can be realized. But transverse superresolution is obtained at the cost of the axial resolution and the increase of the side-lobes in strength. So we then mend such filter, with it not only enhance the transverse resolution but also suppress the influence of the side-lobes and the reduction of the axial resolution. At the same time, the Strehl ratio increases. The advantage of such a filter used in superresolution technique is that it is easy to fabricate because its fabrication does not deal with the variation of the phase.     

径向双折射滤波器的超分辨性能研究

超分辨技术因其可以超越经典的衍射极限而为人们所熟知．并且．在光存储和共焦扫描成像系统中有着广泛的应用。把由两个偏振器和一个圆对称的双折射元件组成的径向双折射滤波器引入超分辨技术,借助琼斯算法推导出其光瞳函数的表达式。由分析得出通过改变径向双折射滤波器中偏振器的偏振方向和双折射元件的主轴之间的夹角,即可实现光学系统的横向超分辨或轴向超分辨。同时对评价该器件超分辨性能的参量第一零点比、斯特尔比和旁瓣强度抑制比做了详细的讨论。该滤波器用于超分辨技术的优点在于其制作不涉及相位的变化而比较简单,且费用比较低。缺点是旁瓣能量过高,但可以通过采用共焦系统来抑制。     

Narrow-band high-transmittance birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut display

We propose a narrow-band birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut. The birefringent filter consists of five phase retarders and two polarizers, and it has both narrow band and high transmittance. In the experiment, we fabricate the birefringent filter using quartz phase retarders and polarizers, and apply it in serval different displays. The color gamuts of displays are enhanced more than 30%NTSC(National Television System Committee), and the widest color gamuts that have been obtained are 126%NTSC in liquid crystal displays and 138%NTSC in organic light-emitting devices. Moreover,the deep blue light in spectrum of display can be reduced using the birefringent filter. The birefringent filter can be an efficient element to achieve wide color gamut display.     

多边形棒状透镜出端辐射均匀性的研究

研究了用多角形棒状透镜产生高均匀性正方形和圆形照明的最佳结构参量.结果表明,对于正方形棒状透镜,输出端的照明均匀性随透镜的长度振荡变化,在某些特定长度达到极小值.对于圆形照明面积,比较了从三角到八角的六种多边形.利用三角形积分透镜可以获得最佳的照明均匀性,但光能利用率相对较低,六角形积分透镜可同时获得较高的照明均匀性和光能利用率.     

Three-dimensional optic axis determination using variable-incidence-angle polarization-optical coherence tomography

Polarization optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) is a powerful technique to nondestructively map the retardance and fast-axis orientation of birefringent biological tissues. Previous studies have concentrated on the case where the optic axis lies on the plane of the surface. We describe a method to determine the polar angle of the optic axis of a uniaxial birefringent tissue by making PSOCT measurements with a number of incident illumination directions. The method is validated on equine flexor tendon, yielding a variability of 4% for the true birefringence and 3% for the polar angle. We use the method to map the polar angle of fibers in the transitional region of equine cartilage.     

电控径向滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向焦移

提出一种光瞳滤波器来同时实现横向超分辨和轴向焦移效应的电控制.该光瞳滤波器由两偏光镜及包含有径向双折射元件的任意偏振态的电控旋光器组成.利用径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用,结合旋光器对任意偏振态光的旋光作用,与两个偏光镜结合,实现了空间偏振态的重新分布.利用庞加莱球及琼斯理论进行了分析,结果表明,借助这种电致位相延迟来实现的偏振态调制效应,可同时实现横向超分辨与轴向焦移效应.对能够同时获得横向超分辨与轴向焦移的情况进行了分析,得到了系统各组成参量及电光调制范围.     

i线投影光刻曝光系统的光学设计

叙述具有同轴对准特性的光学投影物镜双远心结构和均匀照明光学系统原理。为了满足ｉ线光刻所需的光学传递函数要求，讨论了光刻分辨率和数值孔径的关系。设计了一种新的双远心投影物镜，其数值孔径ＮＡ＝０．４２，放大倍率Ｍ＝－１／５，像场尺寸１５ｍｍ×１５ｍｍ（直径２１·２ｍｍ），共轭距Ｌ＝６０２ｍｍ。用光学设计程序ＺＥＭＡＸ－ＸＥ计算此ｉ线物镜的像质。设计结果说明，整个视场内波差＜λ／４，ＭＴＦ＞０．５５，当空间频率为７１５ｐａｉｒｌｉｎｅｓ／ｍｍ，使用波长为３６５士３ｎｍ时。可以实现０．７μｍ光刻分辨率；照明均匀器，由８１个小方型透镜组成一方列阵。用本文模拟计算软件ＯＰＥＮＧ计算被照像平面上的光能分布，说明实际系统的照明不均匀性为土２％。     

Vector soliton switching by using the cascade connection of saturable absorbers

We have numerically studied the cascade connection of a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror and a length of birefringent fiber with two linear polarizers. This structure is shown to work as a vector soliton switch under certain conditions. After optimizing each structure separately, we show the improvement of the switching response when the cascade connection is used. It is also demonstrated that this design acts as a good intensity filter for vector soliton pulses.     

双折射晶体时域电光综合器

提出了一种利用电光双折射网络实现的光波波形综合器。该综合器由偏振器、多块具有电光效应的双折射晶体和补偿器组成,输入余弦信号,组成一多级电光双折射网络。利用琼斯理论对该综合器进行了理论分析,根据扩展傅里叶级数系数正向对比法,实现了其他类型的周期性时域波形。给出一类三元综合器的分析与设计方法,得到合成矩形波与三角波所需的多组结构参量,并对输入信号误差及方位角误差对波形的影响进行了分析。     

几种双折射晶体的偏光透射谱及双色性偏光器件

分析了几种常见单轴双折射晶体的偏光射谱，并利用晶体的二向色吸收特性制了适用于中小畿外激光的二向色型偏光器件。     

应用于数字高速成像的离轴光学系统设计

为提高数字高速多幅相机的像面照度,简化光学系统结构,提出一种离轴光学系统设计方法。该系统使用多组相同物镜,采用圆心一组,圆周均匀分布多组的方式平行阵列排布。分布于圆周上的物镜,其像面接收器相对物镜轴心平移离轴,以获得与圆心物镜相同的物面图像。分析了单物镜像面照度、畸变等与视场有关参数对光学系统各像面匹配的影响。在此基础上给出一个5通道离轴光学系统设计实例,系统空间分辨率优于30 lp/mm,畸变小于0.1%,F数2.0。相比目前广泛采用的棱锥、棱镜分幅方式,该离轴光学系统像面照度增加5倍以上,系统结构简易。     

电控径向双折射滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向扩展焦深

提出利用电控径向双折射光瞳滤波器实现横向超分辨性能参量的调制与轴向扩展焦深。该光瞳滤波器由两个平行偏光镜,一个电光晶体与一个径向对称双折射晶体组成。分析了电光晶体与径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用,通过控制电光晶体的相位延迟实现径向中心处初始偏振态的控制,与径向双折射元件横向偏振态调制结合,实现了庞加莱球上偏振态演变路径与阶段的控制,从而对焦点附近偏振态进行空间调制以实现光强的重新分布。研究结果表明,外加电场调制可以实现横向上超分辨性能的调控以及轴向上焦深的扩展,并可得到相应的电光相位延迟范围。     

Experimental Demonstration of an Easy Method to Realize Weak Measurement for the Arrival Time of a Single Photon

We present a realization of weak measurement for the arrival time of a single photon. Our experimental setup is based on a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, and a birefringent crystal is used to perform weak measurement between a preselected and a postselected measurement by two polarizers, for the crystal can separate the two components of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization by a small distance compared to the coherence length of photon pairs. In addition, we found that a quartz plate with nonideal length may decrease weak values in some degree.     

K9玻璃低压下的双折射效应研究

研究K9玻璃在低压下的双折射效应,测量它的双折射率及其梯度。结果表明,当K9玻璃用作天文透镜材料时,应充分考虑其自重引起的对透镜光学性能的影响。     

真三维显示器中的同步照明光学系统

在基于多投影机旋转屏的真三维显示器中需要有一种高亮度、窄脉冲工作的白光光源。提出了一种同步照明光学系统,它采用高亮度、连续白光UHP灯作为投影光源,场镜与球面反射镜绕屏幕转轴交替排列,两个透镜组与屏幕同步转动,只有在屏幕正对着投影机时,光束才能从对应的场镜出射照明相应的投影机。该照明光学系统仅用一个光源就能满足真三维显示器中所有投影机照明的需要,并从结构上保证了屏幕转动与投影机投影之间严格同步。该系统成功地应用到了基于多投影机旋转屏的真三维显示器中,三维图像清晰明亮,色彩丰富。论述了系统的工作原理和系统结构,并对投影结果进行了分析。