All-around holographic three-dimensional light field display

Technology for all-around holographic three-dimensional (3D) light field display is proposed in this paper. A plane mirror keeps rotating around the optical axis. At each angular position, the mirror-image's Fourier CGH of the target object is projected onto the mirror. The reflected CGH contributes a specific viewing angle range to the target object. Linking up all viewing angle ranges in the horizontal plane, all-around display can be realized via the “afterimage” effect. An all-around holographic 3D light field display is implemented experimentally here with a 60 Hz SLM by introducing an observer tracking unit in the proposed display system.     

Fast processing method to generate gigabyte computer generated holography for three-dimensional dynamic holographic display

Two different methods from graphic processing unit(GPU) and central processing unit(CPU) are proposed to suitably optimize look-up table algorithms of computer generated holography(CGH). The numerical simulations and experimental results show that we can reconstruct a good quality object. The computation of CGH for a three-dimensional(3D) dynamic holographic display can also be sped up by programming with our proposed method. It can optimize both file loading and the inline calculation process. The phase-only CGH with gigabyte data for reconstructing 10 MB object samplings is generated. In addition, the proposed method effectively reduced time costs of loading and writing offline tables on a CPU. It is believed the proposed method can provide high speed and huge data CGH for 3D dynamic holographic displays in the near future.     

Reflection holographic lens having nonspherical wavefront designed by a microcomputer

A design of a reflection holographic lens with nonspherical wavefront is described, which is based on a ray-tracing program and a simple search algorithm suitable for a microcomputer. The optimized wavefront is encoded into a computer- generated hologram (CGH). The reflection holographic lens with the optimum wavefront produced by CGH reduces the rms spot radius at large field angles, and allows for a compact folded system and for Bragg diffraction into a single order. Experimental results are shown. Helpful data on the diffraction efficiency and the spectrally diffracted intensity of reflection holograms are presented.     

Image magnified lensless holographic projection by convergent spherical beam illumination

In liquid crystal spatial light modulator(SLM)-based holographic projection, the image is usually displayed at a distant projection screen through free space diffraction from a computer-generated hologram(CGH). Therefore,it allows for removing of the projection lens for the sake of system simplification and being aberration free, known as the "lensless holographic projection". However, the maximum size of the optical projected image is limited by the diffraction angle of the SLM. In this Letter, we present a method for the implementation of image magnification in a lensless holographic projection system by using convergent spherical wave illumination to the SLM.The complete complex amplitude of the image wavefront is reconstructed in a lensless optical filtering system from a phase-only CGH that is encoded by the off-axis double-phase method. The dimensions of the magnified image can break the limitation by the maximum diffraction angle of the SLM at a given projection distance.Optical experiment results with successful image magnification in the lensless holographic projection system are presented.     

Phase-contrast volume holographic imaging system

A phase-contrast volume holographic imaging system for three-dimensional contrast enhancement is presented. The system utilizes a spatial filter placed on a conjugate plane to the volume holographic pupil to simultaneously enhance weak phase information at different depths within an object. The proposed system was validated with experimental image data obtained in mouse colon samples and quantitative measurements of modulation transfer function as well.     

一种离轴计算全息图在凹非球面检测中的应用

为了精确检测大口径非球面面型质量,将CGH作为补偿器应用于凹非球面的离轴全息检测系统中.根据计算全息图的离轴全息检测系统检测凹非球面的基本原理,分析了离轴CGH的计算、制作过程,实现了对口径为150 mm,近轴半径为1499.7 mm,非球面系数为-1的凹非球面镜的检测.实验结果与轮廓仪检测结果吻合得很好.     

Direct amplitude detection of Zernike modes by computer-generated holographic wavefront sensor: Modeling and simulation

A fast holographic wavefront sensor is proposed using a computer-generated hologram (CGH). This CGH is a multiplexed hologram of different Zernike mode–amplitude combinations, and is designed in such a manner as to get the corresponding spots on the detector according to the presence and strength of a particular aberration. Interference between the aberrated wavefront (with a single mode–amplitude combination) and the Fourier transform of an image with single bright pixel (defined as dot image) is numerically calculated for one hologram. Different mode–amplitude combination and corresponding different positions of bright pixels (dots) are taken to compute various holograms and then all the holograms are multiplexed to get the final hologram. When the aberrated wavefront with a particular mode–amplitude combination is incident onto the multiplexed hologram, the corresponding dot is generated in the Fourier plane. A lens performs the Fourier transform in optical domain and provides the instant detection of amplitude of the respective Zernike mode. The main advantage of the scheme is to avoid the need of any computations, which makes it really fast. The simulation results are presented with the cross-talk analysis for few Zernike terms.     

三维超声驻波场的数字全息测量与重建研究

利用数字全息干涉术研究了超声驻波场的三维分布特征,由所记录的不同角度的超声驻波场的数字全息图,经数值再现,得到了超声驻波场的强度和相位差分布图,进而由迭代重建算法重建出超声驻波场的三维分布曲线。结果表明,数字全息干涉术与迭代重建算法相结合是测量与重建三维超声驻波场的一种方便有效方法。     

A hybrid Gerchberg–Saxton-like algorithm for DOE and CGH calculation

The Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm is widely used in various disciplines of modern sciences and technologies where phase retrieval is required. However, this legendary algorithm most likely stagnates after a few iterations. Many efforts have been taken to improve this situation. Here we propose to introduce the strategy of gradient descent and weighting technique to the GS algorithm, and demonstrate it using two examples: design of a diffractive optical element (DOE) to achieve off-axis illumination in lithographic tools, and design of a computer generated hologram (CGH) for holographic display. Both numerical simulation and optical experiments are carried out for demonstration.     

基于液晶空间光调制器的全息显示

在传统的纯相位全息显示系统中, 一般基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法来计算相位全息图, 在FFT的计算中需要遵循Nyquist采样定理, 因此, 重建图像的尺寸往往受限于空间光调制器的固定采样率. 这个限制可以通过卷积算法或者两步菲涅耳衍射算法来解决, 但是需要使用多个FFT的计算, 导致计算量增大. 鉴于此, 提出了一种基于透镜的纯相位全息图计算方法. 在全息图的计算中, 通过透镜的成像原理建立一个采样率可变的虚拟全息面, 通过调节相应的距离参数使得在全息图的计算中可以任意调节原始图像的采样率, 摆脱了传统方法中液晶空间光调制器带宽积对重建图像尺寸的限制, 并且这种算法只需使用一次FFT就能达到变采样率的衍射计算, 大幅提高了全息图的计算速度. 数值模拟及光学实验结果证明了此方法可以在全息显示光学系统中清晰地重建不同尺寸的图像. 同时该系统可以有效地消除由空间光调制器的像素化结构带来的零级衍射.     

Role du caractere tridimensionnel du milieu photosensible au cours de l'enregistrement et de la restitution holographique d'une onde plane

The influence of the three-dimensional character of the emulsion is discussed in this paper, together with results related to the holographic recording and reconstruction of a plane wave.     

Formation of the holographic image of a diffuse object in second-harmonic radiation generated by a nonlinear medium

Results of experiments on recording three-dimensional holographic images of extended diffuse objects using an SHG hologram generating the second harmonic are presented. In this case, the object image is formed by the second-harmonic radiation whose wavelength is smaller than the wavelength of object and reference waves recorded on a hologram by a factor of two. Elements of the theory of an SHG hologram are considered. A holographic image of a transparency object illuminated with diffuse light is obtained. It is shown that the resolving power of this image is close to the limit determined by diffraction effects. An experiment on defocusing the reconstructed image showed that it was localized in one spatial plane and, therefore, was three-dimensional.     

Wavelength-scanning digital interference holography for optical section imaging

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple digital holographic method that allows reconstruction of three-dimensional object images with a narrow depth of focus or axial resolution. A number of holograms are optically generated by use of different wavelengths spaced at regular intervals. The holograms are recorded on a digital camera and reconstructed numerically. Multiwavelength interference of the holograms results in images of the contour plane whose thickness can be made arbitrarily narrow. Objects at different distances from the hologram plane are imaged clearly and independently, with complete suppression of the out-of-focus images. The technique is available only in digital holography and should have useful applications in holographic microscopy.     

Three-dimensional time resolved measurements from holographic records

Some work with scatter plate holographic systems is reviewed, proceeding from single exposure recordings of transilluminated amplitude distributions to time resolved recordings of three-dimensional phase distributions. The display of sequences of holographic records of an event developing in time may be facilitated by transforming the original holographic records into a single multiplex hologram. An effective form of this techniquw is described, it results in a single reflecting phase element located at a plane near the reconstructed images. Reconstructions belonging to separate instants of time are recovered by selection in the pupil plane.     

基于滤波成像的大视角数字全息技术

为提高数字全息再现像视角,提出一种基于滤波成像的数字全息技术来实现大视角的三维物体面型测量.利用离轴像面数字全息技术,通过在4F相干图像处理系统的空间频谱面处放置可移动的低通滤波器,使满足CCD分辨率的物光波与参考光波干涉形成全息图,并控制低通滤波及成像区域分别记录不同谱段的子全息图.再现时,首先对子全息图进行数字傅里叶变换,重构对应频谱段,并对频谱段进行拼接形成完整的物光频谱|而后通过数字再现获得大视角的数字全息再现像.利用该方法测量了圆柱形表面（光滑的缝纫针）的三维形貌,并取得了较好的实验结果.     

像面滤波技术在无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息中的应用

无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息波前重建主要采用全息图的一次快速傅里叶变换方法,重建图像不能充分占有重建平面.本文基于像平面滤波技术,提出对物体局部区域光波场进行放大重建并让重建图像布满重建平面的方法,给出具有精细结构物体的数字全息波前重建实例.此外,将数字全息光波场重建视为具有方形出射光瞳的光学系统的相干光成像过程,导出了物体放大图像的分辨率与光学系统相关参量的关系,并通过实验给予证明.     

Off-axis phase-only holograms of 3D objects using accelerated point-based Fresnel diffraction algorithm

A method for calculating off-axis phase-only holograms of three-dimensional (3D) object using accelerated point-based Fresnel diffraction algorithm (PB-FDA) is proposed. The complex amplitude of the object points on the z-axis in hologram plane is calculated using Fresnel diffraction formula, called principal complex amplitudes (PCAs). The complex amplitudes of those off-axis object points of the same depth can be obtained by 2D shifting of PCAs. In order to improve the calculating speed of the PB-FDA, the convolution operation based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to calculate the holograms rather than using the point-by-point spatial 2D shifting of the PCAs. The shortest recording distance of the PB-FDA is analyzed in order to remove the influence of multiple-order images in reconstructed images. The optimal recording distance of the PB-FDA is also analyzed to improve the quality of reconstructed images. Numerical reconstructions and optical reconstructions with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) show that holographic 3D display is feasible with the proposed algorithm. The proposed PB-FDA can also avoid the influence of the zero-order image introduced by SLM in optical reconstructed images.     

A novel three-dimensional holographic display system based on LC-R2500 spatial light modulator

A novel holographic display system is proposed in this paper. The system takes LC-R2500, a kind of reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator, (LC-SLM) as the core display unit, which can meet the requirement of real-time reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) objects from holograms in free space. The relationship between hologram recording and image reconstruction is discussed, and the parameters associated with the magnification of reconstructed image over original object are determined. Experimental results of holographic display using the system are also given in the end.     

像面滤波技术在无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息中的应用

无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息波前重建主要采用全息图的一次快速傅里叶变换方法,重建图像不能充分占有重建平面.本文基于像平面滤波技术,提出对物体局部区域光波场进行放大重建并让重建图像布满重建平面的方法,给出具有精细结构物体的数字全息波前重建实例.此外,将数字全息光波场重建视为具有方形出射光瞳的光学系统的相干光成像过程,导出了物体放大图像的分辨率与光学系统相关参量的关系,并通过实验给予证明.     

Problems on fabrication of computer-generated holograms for testing aspheric surfaces

Interferometric optical testing using computer-generated hologram （CGH） can give highly accurate measurement of aspheric surfaces has been proved. After the system is designed, a phase function is obtained according to the CGH＇s surface plane. For the requirement of accuracy, an optimization algorithm that transfers the phase function into a certain mask pattern file is presented in this letter, based on the relationship between the pattern error of CGH and the output wavefront accuracy. Then the writing machine is able to fabricate such a mask with this kind of file. With that mask, an improved procedure on fabrication of phase type CGH is also presented. Interferometrie test results of an aspherie surface show that the whole test system obtains the demanded accuracy.