基于多尺度滤波和线检测算子的视网膜血管检测

视网膜血管分割在眼底图像分析中具有重要作用。结合多尺度Hessian矩阵滤波和线检测算子,提出了一种有效的血管检测方法。首先利用多尺度Hessian矩阵的特征值构建血管相似性函数,实现血管增强;然后采用改进的线检测算子,提取反映血管测度的特征;最后采用SVM实现血管检测。实验结果表明,该方法只需要较少的训练样本即可达到与其他方法相当的准确率,且在灵敏性上具有更好的性能。     

A speech enhancement method based on Kalman filtering

I.IntroductionKa1manfilteringisjustamethodtoestimatestatistica1lythestateoftheobservedsystemfromthecorruptedsigna1s,andthiskindofcstimationisarecurrcneeestimationbasedon1inear,nonbiasandminimumvariance.Moreover,Ka1manfilteringisapplicabletonon-sta-honarysignalsandtime-variantdynamicsystem.Therefore,Kalmanfilteringisveryapplica-bletoenhancingthespeechsigna1sthatarecorruptedbynoise.ThispaperreportStheconcretcmethodofenhanccmentofnoisyspccchanditscxperimentresults.Experimentsindicate:Afterthes…     

基于多引导滤波的图像增强算法

图像增强技术可以有效地突出图像中的有用信息,已广泛应用于多个领域.现有的图像增强算法往往无法应对自然图像中复杂的梯度分布,难以准确保持图像中前景与背景的边缘信息.为了改善输出图像的边界过平滑问题,本文提出了一个基于多引导滤波的图像增强算法.首先,设计了一个以滤波核为变量的通用图像优化模型,现有的联合滤波器可视为该模型的解;然后,依据集成学习的思想,将联合滤波器中的单幅引导图像扩展到多幅,以更好地利用引导图中的结构信息进而获得更好的输出结果,并给出了一个多幅引导图的来源途径;最后,对多幅输出图像进行平滑,在图像优化模型中加入正则化项,以确保由多引导滤波得到的不同滤波输出保持一致.实验结果表明,本文算法在抑制图像噪声的同时,可以更好地保留物体的边界信息,从而使图像的信噪比进一步提升.     

Infrared image enhancement through saliency feature analysis based on multi-scale decomposition

To improve contrast between dim target region and background in infrared (IR) long-range surveillance, this paper proposes a fast image enhancement approach using saliency feature extraction based on multi-scale decomposition. Firstly, a smooth based multi-scale decomposition is designed and applied to original infrared image, generating sub-images with various frequency components at different decomposition levels. The dim target regions of sub-images are extracted by a local frequency-tuned based saliency feature detection method, secondly. With saliency maps created by saliency extraction using multi-scale local windows with different sizes, the sub-images are enhanced at different decomposition scales. Finally, the enhanced result is reconstructed by synthesizing the all sub-images with adjustable synthetic weights. Since salient areas are analyzed based on fast multi-scale image decomposition, IR image can be s enhanced with good contrast successfully and rapidly. Compared with other algorithms, the experimental results prove that the proposed method is robust and efficient for IR image enhancement.     

Fingerprint image enhancement using multi-scale DDFB based diffusion filters and modified Hong filters

The main task of a fingerprint image enhancement is to enhance the image in such a way that it not only remove the noise but also enhance the reliable minutiae points. For this purpose, in this paper we propose a multi-scale decimation-free directional filter bank method for reliable orientation estimation. This reliable orientation is used in coherence enhancement diffusion and in Gabor filter based enhancement, which overcomes the drawbacks of these two methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only enhances the images but also facilitates the minutiae algorithm, by enhancing the true minutiae points.     

Application of image enhancement method for digital images based on Retinex theory

The image enhancement and implementation of the methods for the digital image enhancement were studied. The characteristics of different image enhancement methods, including contrast enhancement, linear transformation, piecewise linear transformation, grayscale slice transformation and Retinex clearing algorithms were analyzed in detail. Retinex enhancement algorithms were studied and the implementation process for the Retinex algorithm is given. Finally, an example of image enhancement using the multi scale Retinex algorithm (MSR) is achieved. It is shown that MSR can realize the image color constancy, local dynamic range compression, color enhancement and the overall dynamic range compression under certain circumstances.     

MPPC low-level-light imaging enhancement algorithm based on sub-window box filtering北大核心CSCD

针对多像素光子计数器(MPPC)进行微光成像时,图像受光照不足和噪声影响出现的图像亮度低、对比度差、边缘模糊等问题,提出一种基于子窗口盒式滤波的自适应微光图像处理算法。为了减少算法运行时间的同时突出图像的边缘细节信息,利用子窗口盒式滤波器对图像进行分层得到基础层和细节层;对基础层图像采用自适应阈值直方图均衡化拉伸对比度,细节层图像采用自适应增益控制方式进行增强;根据基础层图像中有效灰度值个数占总灰度的比值自适应确定融合系数,将基础层图像与细节层图像融合得到增强后图像。通过微光实验平台设置3组不同照度的微光环境进行实验仿真,验证了本文算法在保持边缘信息和增强细节方面获得了更好的效果。实验结果表明本文算法在标准差、信息熵、平均梯度等客观评价方面优于改进前算法,提升了微光图像的成像效果。     

混沌信号自适应协同滤波去噪

混沌信号协同滤波去噪算法充分利用了混沌信号的自相似结构特征,具有良好的信噪比提升性能.针对该算法的滤波参数优化问题,考虑到最优滤波参数的选取受到信号特征、采样频率和噪声水平的影响,为提高该算法的自适应性使其更符合实际应用需求,基于排列熵提出一种滤波参数自动优化准则.依据不同噪声水平的混沌信号排列熵的不同,首先选取不同滤波参数对含噪混沌信号进行去噪,然后计算各滤波参数对应重构信号的排列熵,最后通过比较各重构信号的排列熵,选取排列熵最小的重构信号对应的滤波参数为最优滤波参数,实现滤波参数的优化.分析了不同信号特征、采样频率和噪声水平情况下滤波参数的选取规律.仿真结果表明,该参数优化准则能在不同条件下对滤波参数进行有效的自动最优化,提高了混沌信号协同滤波去噪算法的自适应性.     

基于数学形态学和匹配滤波的视网膜血管图像增强方法

针对视网膜图像成像过程的特点,提出了一种新的视网膜图像血管信息增强方法。由于存在光照不均匀的情况,采用同态滤波的方法设计了一种滤波器,对光照不均匀的情况进行了有效的校正;使用数学形态学中的Top Hat变换,对背景信息进行抑制,使得血管信息得到增强;最后进一步采用匹配滤波的方法,探测血管信息,使得血管信息的亮度得到提高,增强了与背景的对比度,血管信息具有明显的可视性。实验结果表明了提出的方法的有效性,对临床疾病的诊断及治疗具有较大的参考价值。     

Automated vessel segmentation using cross-correlation and pooled covariance matrix analysis

Time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) provides contrast dynamics in the vasculature and allows vessel segmentation based on temporal correlation analysis. Here we present an automated vessel segmentation algorithm including automated generation of regions of interest (ROIs), cross-correlation and pooled sample covariance matrix analysis. The dynamic images are divided into multiple equal-sized regions. In each region, ROIs for artery, vein and background are generated using an iterative thresholding algorithm based on the contrast arrival time map and contrast enhancement map. Region-specific multi-feature cross-correlation analysis and pooled covariance matrix analysis are performed to calculate the Mahalanobis distances (MDs), which are used to automatically separate arteries from veins. This segmentation algorithm is applied to a dual-phase dynamic imaging acquisition scheme where low-resolution time-resolved images are acquired during the dynamic phase followed by high-frequency data acquisition at the steady-state phase. The segmented low-resolution arterial and venous images are then combined with the high-frequency data in k-space and inverse Fourier transformed to form the final segmented arterial and venous images. Results from volunteer and patient studies demonstrate the advantages of this automated vessel segmentation and dual phase data acquisition technique.     

Split spectrum processing: a new filtering approach for improved signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of ultrasonic signals

Split spectrum processing is a frequency diversity technique used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic signals. Traditionally, many Gaussian bandpass filters are used to achieve frequency diversity. This paper introduces an alternative method of obtaining frequency diversity wherein raised-cosine bandpass filters with flat-tops are recommended for use. The reasoning behind the use of raised-cosine filters is outlined. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the raised-cosine filters over Gaussian filters. Finally, the limitation of the new filters is experimentally shown.     

Synthetic Aperture Radar image nonlinear enhancement algorithm based on NSCT transform

Due to the imaging mechanism, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are susceptible to speckle noise, which affects radar image interpretation. So image denoising and enhancement are important topics of improving SAR image performance. A nonlinear image enhancement algorithm based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is proposed in this paper. The image is decomposed into coefficients of different scales and directions through nonsubsampled contourlet transform. It is denoised by the threshold method of the multi-scale product of NSCT coefficients. Then thresholds of the nonlinear enhancement function are determined according to the coefficients of each scale. The two parameters of the function, among which one is used to control the range of enhancement and the other can determine the strength of enhancement, are obtained by solving nonlinear equations. The coefficients processed by the enhancement function are used to reconstruct the image. The simulation results on the Matlab platform show that the algorithm has a good effect of enhancing details of images and suppressing noise signals meanwhile.     

基于同态滤波的遥感薄云去除算法

目前常用的遥感薄云去除法是同态滤波法,但由于所采用的滤波器的局限性,传统的同态滤波法只能去除处于低频区域的云,而对处于高频区域的云则没有处理效果。因此在研究传统同态滤波算法,选取性能最佳的频域滤波器对图像进行处理的基础上,引入了空域3×3中值滤波,用像素点3×3邻域内9个像素点的中值来代替该点的像素值,旨在对前者无法去除的高频突变云区进行处理。而后结合主观视觉和客观统计分析两方面对仿真结果进行评价,经分析表明,用该方法处理过的影像在信息未受损失的情况下,高频突变云有所减少,达到了预期目的。     

基于同态滤波的遥感薄云去除算法

目前常用的遥感薄云去除法是同态滤波法,但由于所采用的滤波器的局限性,传统的同态滤波法只能去除处于低频区域的云,而对处于高频区域的云则没有处理效果。因此在研究传统同态滤波算法,选取性能最佳的频域滤波器对图像进行处理的基础上,引入了空域3×3中值滤波,用像素点3×3邻域内9个像素点的中值来代替该点的像素值,旨在对前者无法去除的高频突变云区进行处理。而后结合主观视觉和客观统计分析两方面对仿真结果进行评价,经分析表明,用该方法处理过的影像在信息未受损失的情况下,高频突变云有所减少,达到了预期目的。     

基于双边纹理滤波的图像细节增强方法

为了实现图像的细节增强,特别是纹理细节增强,同时尽可能保持图像的结构完整,提出了一种基于双边纹理滤波的图像多尺度分解方法。首先,对图像进行多尺度双边纹理滤波分解,分别得到一幅基本图像和一系列细节纹理图像。接着,类似于小波增强方法,对细节图像采用多尺度自适应增强方法,得到一系列增强后的纹理细节图像。最后,将基本图像和增强后细节图像相加,重构出最后的增强图像。实验结果表明:本文提出的增强方法能够在突出边缘的同时,较好地增强图像中的纹理细节信息。将基于双边纹理滤波的多尺度分解引入图像增强,能更好地体现图像纹理细节特征,为增强图像提供更加丰富的信息。     

Speech dereverberation method based on spectral subtraction and spectral line enhancement

Speech signals recorded with a distant microphone usually are interfered by the spatial reverberation in the room, which severely degrades the clarity and intelligibility of speech. A speech dereverberation method based on spectral subtraction and spectral line enhancement is proposed in this paper. Following the generalized statistical reverberation model, the power spectrum of late reverberation is estimated and removed from the reverberation speech by the spectral subtraction method. Then, according to the human auditory model, a spectral line enhancement technique based on adaptive post-filtering is adopted to further eliminate the reverberant components between adjacent speech formants. The proposed method can effectively suppress the spatial reverberation and improve the auditory perception of speech. The subjective and objective evaluation results reveal that the perceptual quality of speech is greatly improved by the proposed method.     

基于自适应平台阈值和拉普拉斯变换的红外图像增强

针对红外图像对比度低和边缘模糊的特点,提出了一种结合自适应平台直方图均衡化和拉普拉斯变换的方法。采用双数字信号处理器（DSP）并行处理,其中一片DSP采用自适应平台直方图均衡化的方法获得对比度增强后的图像;另一片DSP则进行拉普拉斯变换获得原始图像的边缘图像;最后由第二片DSP完成两幅图像按系数相乘后的叠加融合。实验结果表明：该算法增强效果和实时性较好,处理频率可达50 Hz,既提高了图像对比度又清晰了图像边缘,是提高图像对比度和边缘清晰度的高效算法。     

基于自适应平台阈值和拉普拉斯变换的红外图像增强

针对红外图像对比度低和边缘模糊的特点,提出了一种结合自适应平台直方图均衡化和拉普拉斯变换的方法。采用双数字信号处理器(DSP)并行处理,其中一片DSP采用自适应平台直方图均衡化的方法获得对比度增强后的图像;另一片DSP则进行拉普拉斯变换获得原始图像的边缘图像;最后由第二片DSP完成两幅图像按系数相乘后的叠加融合。实验结果表明:该算法增强效果和实时性较好,处理频率可达50 Hz,既提高了图像对比度又清晰了图像边缘,是提高图像对比度和边缘清晰度的高效算法。     

Detail enhancement of blurred infrared images based on frequency extrapolation

A novel algorithm for enhancing the details of the blurred infrared images based on frequency extrapolation has been raised in this paper. Unlike other researchers’ work, this algorithm mainly focuses on how to predict the higher frequency information based on the Laplacian pyramid separation of the blurred image. This algorithm uses the first level of the high frequency component of the pyramid of the blurred image to reverse-generate a higher, non-existing frequency component, and adds back to the histogram equalized input blurred image. A simple nonlinear operator is used to analyze the extracted first level high frequency component of the pyramid. Two critical parameters are participated in the calculation known as the clipping parameter C and the scaling parameter S. The detailed analysis of how these two parameters work during the procedure is figure demonstrated in this paper. The blurred image will become clear, and the detail will be enhanced due to the added higher frequency information. This algorithm has the advantages of computational simplicity and great performance, and it can definitely be deployed in the real-time industrial applications. We have done lots of experiments and gave illustrations of the algorithm’s performance in this paper to convince its effectiveness.     

自适应统计滤波的单幅干涉条纹图相位解调研究

基于统计信号处理技术的最大后验估计原理 ,提出一种新的自适应滤波方法。该方法能有效减少干涉条纹图中的噪声 ,仅估计一幅非载波条纹图上每一点的空间频率向量的幅值和方向 ,通过解系数阵为正定阵的方程组 ,就能获得准确的条纹相位分布。通过实例说明了此方法的处理过程。