未系安全带智能识别中安全带定位关键方法研究

安全带定位是实现机动车未系安全带智能识别的关键。针对道路监控图像特点,提出一种基于梯度变换的安全带定位方法。该方法在对卡口图像进行预处理的基础上,采用自适应阈值边缘检测算法以及积分投影方式定位车辆位置,设立车牌检测区域,以减少运算量,降低干扰,同时利用训练得到的Haar分类器识别车牌位置,通过逼近方式切取车辆右侧图像。最后采用梯度变换算法求得车窗各边缘坐标,实现车窗精准定位,并计算得到安全带位置。试验表明,该方法可实现安全带的准确定位,具有较好的实用性,为后续安全带识别奠定基础。     

Detection and tracking strategy for license plate detection in video

In this paper, we present a novel method to detect license plates in video sequences automatically. The framework mainly integrates the cascade detectors method and the Tracking Learning Detection (TLD) algorithm. The cascade detectors are used to detect license plates, and the TLD algorithm is adopted to track the license plate regions. The license plates in the first frame image are detected by the cascade detectors to build the original tracking list, the tracking results and the detection results in following frames will be compared, and the newly appearing license plate information will be added to the tracking list. Meanwhile, the tracking results existing in the current tracking list would be replaced by the corresponding detection results with higher degree of confidence. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm for license plate detection task on a road intersection dataset, and the experimental evaluation shows the detection performance has been greatly improved by synthetically using the detection and tracking strategy.     

基于BP神经网络的车牌字符识别算法研究

车牌字符识别是车牌识别系统中的关键环节。采用图像处理和神经网络相结合的方法设计新的车牌字符识别算法,先对分割出的车牌字符进行归一化处理,然后进行SOBEI．边缘检测和角点特征提取,最后输入BP神经网络进行训练、识别,其中BP神经网络模型属于改进型神经网络。通过一系列神经网络训练和仿真实验,车牌识别速度和正确率得到了明显的提高。     

基于多核的车牌识别的架构实现

多核技术是现在提高芯片性能的主要方法。区别于传统以PC和DSP为核心的车牌识别系统,以FPGA为核心,利用SOPC技术构建了车牌识别多核处理器。给出了一种基于多核的车牌识别架构,在该多核处理器中,以3个Nios II 软核为主要处理器核处理车牌定位、字符特征识别提取及识别等处理,同时构建硬件加速器作为协处理器处理图像增强、边缘检测和膨胀、腐蚀等数学形态学处理。在CQ片上路由器基础上,构建了NOC用以实现片上多核通信。另外,为了保证路由器与多处理器核之间的快速、并行通信,加入了数据驱动模块。整个系统在Altera Cyclone IV FPGA上实现了车牌的识别。这种片上系统设计方法具有硬件设计灵活,可扩展性强等优点,能有效地降低系统软硬件设计的难度,缩短开发周期,并提高设计的可靠性。     

机械式冲床停上死点位置的控制策略设计与实现

车牌定位是车牌自动识别的第一步,而如何考虑当照影响是车牌定位是否成功的关键。本文提出了一种考虑不同光照条件的车牌定位方法,首先,针对不同光照条件下采集到的车牌图像明暗度的不同,利用多阈值处理方法得到车牌信息不丢失的、最佳的二值图像,然后,在其二值图像中首先利用灰度跳变定位车牌的上下边界,接着对字符垂直投影后的宽度进行统一的调整并以固定的字符间隔特征定位车牌的左右边界,从而完成车牌定位。最后,通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种复杂车辆图像中的多车牌定位方法

针对复杂背景中多个车牌的定位问题,提出一种新的定位方法.该方法综合利用边缘检测、连通域分析、倾斜矫正等多种方法,解决了复杂背景中定位难的问题.能够准确定位杂乱背景中的车牌,对天气、光照变化、车牌在图像中的移动和旋转等,具有良好的适应能力.该方法为后续的字符分割和字符识别提供旋转角度、字符区域定位信息.     

舰船目标红外图像特性研究

针对成像型反舰导弹所获红外图像的特点,分析了舰船目标和海天背景的红外辐射特性,得知舰船目标红外图像有一重要特征-海天线,它可以确定目标的所在区域。为了舰船目标的跟踪定位,对舰船目标红外图像中的海天线特征进行研究,提出一种基于预处理和直线拟合法提取海天线特征的算法,首先对图像进行边缘检测得到梯度图像,进而二值化并细化,最后利用Hough变换提取海天线。结果表明,在低对比度和有云团干扰的情况下,该算法与改进的直线拟合法相比,能够有效地、准确地提取舰船目标红外图像中海天线特征。     

An Improved Stereo Matching Algorithm for Vehicle Speed Measurement System Based on Spatial and Temporal Image Fusion

This paper proposes an improved stereo matching algorithm for vehicle speed measurement system based on spatial and temporal image fusion (STIF). Firstly, the matching point pairs in the license plate area with obviously abnormal distance to the camera are roughly removed according to the characteristic of license plate specification. Secondly, more mismatching point pairs are finely removed according to local neighborhood consistency constraint (LNCC). Thirdly, the optimum speed measurement point pairs are selected for successive stereo frame pairs by STIF of binocular stereo video, so that the 3D points corresponding to the matching point pairs for speed measurement in the successive stereo frame pairs are in the same position on the real vehicle, which can significantly improve the vehicle speed measurement accuracy. LNCC and STIF can be used not only for license plate, but also for vehicle logo, light, mirror etc. Experimental results demonstrate that the vehicle speed measurement system with the proposed LNCC+STIF stereo matching algorithm can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art system in accuracy.     

基于特征点最小距离拟合的文档图像倾斜检测

在文档扫描输入的过程中,文档图像不可避免地会发生倾斜,而布局分析及字符识别对页面倾斜十分敏感,因此倾斜检测和矫正是文档分析预处理中的重要环节。提出了一种基于最小距离拟合的文档图像倾斜检测方法。首先通过对文档图像进行二值化、分块、膨胀运算、连通标记等一系列图像处理操作,以此找到特征点;然后采用最小距离法对这些特征点进行直线拟合,便可获得文档的倾斜角。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速、精确地检测文档的倾斜角度。     

车载摄像平台序列图像快速拼接方法

 针对车载摄像平台序列图像拼接中存在畸变、数据量大的问题,提出一种车载摄像平台序列图像快速拼接方法。首先对图像进行预处理来消除畸变的影响,然后对图像检测SURF特征点,定义特征点匹配率作为图像的相似性度量,根据特征点匹配率提取关键帧,再采用改进的配准策略得到全局配准模型,避免了配准误差的累积,最后采用一种最大值融合法得到序列图像的拼接图。实验结果表明：该方法具有较强的鲁棒性、更为快速。     

基于图像边缘信息和Fisher准则的钢板表面缺陷分割研究

针对钢板表面缺陷图像信噪比低、缺陷目标小且形态差别大等特点,提出了一种基于边缘信息和Fisher准则相结合的图像分割方法。该方法首先采用梯度算子检测出缺陷图像的边缘,并对边缘检测所得的梯度图进行灰度拉伸,提高梯度图的对比度;然后利用Fisher准则寻找最佳阈值,分割出缺陷;最后运用数学形态学滤除噪声,实现了缺陷的自动分割和定位。实验证明,该方法不仅能够识别出弱小的缺陷,而且实现了在线实时检测。     

AP Shadow Net: A Remote Sensing Shadow Removal Network Based on Atmospheric Transport and Poisson’s Equation

Shadow is one of the fundamental indicators of remote sensing image which could cause loss or interference of the target data. As a result, the detection and removal of shadow has already been the hotspot of current study because of the complicated background information. In the following passage, a model combining the Atmospheric Transport Model (hereinafter abbreviated as ATM) with the Poisson Equation, AP ShadowNet, is proposed for the shadow detection and removal of remote sensing images by unsupervised learning. This network based on a preprocessing network based on ATM, A Net, and a network based on the Poisson Equation, P Net. Firstly, corresponding mapping between shadow and unshaded area is generated by the ATM. The brightened image will then enter the Confrontation identification in the P Net. Lastly, the reconstructed image is optimized on color consistency and edge transition by Poisson Equation. At present, most shadow removal models based on neural networks are significantly data-driven. Fortunately, by the model in this passage, the unsupervised shadow detection and removal could be released from the data source restrictions from the remote sensing images themselves. By verifying the shadow removal on our model, the result shows a satisfying effect from a both qualitative and quantitative angle. From a qualitative point of view, our results have a prominent effect on tone consistency and removal of detailed shadows. From the quantitative point of view, we adopt the non-reference evaluation indicators: gradient structure similarity (NRSS) and Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE). Combining various evaluation factors such as reasoning speed and memory occupation, it shows that it is outstanding among other current algorithms.     

复杂背景下目标检测的级联分类器算法研究

目标检测与跟踪一直是图像处理与计算机视觉领域的热门研究方向之一,其对军事上的成像制导、跟踪军事目标等以及民事方面的安防监控、智能人机交互等方面均有着重要的研究价值.将特征匹配问题看成是一种更普遍的二分类问题,将这种难解的高维计算变成二分类问题,使计算复杂度大大减小,这类方法以大数定律和贝叶斯法则为理论依据,本文提出一种非树形结构的分类器,并从理论上推导出其实现公式,将1bitBP特征应用到分类器中,同时采用计算量由小到大的三个分类器进行级联从而实现鲁棒精确的目标检测.从实验结果来看,本文算法能够对目标的尺度变化、旋转、部分遮挡、形变、模糊、背景变化等复杂情况有较好鲁棒性,并且检测精度相对较高,而本文算法的计算复杂度低、计算量小,有较高的应用价值.     

一种激光光斑衍射环的检测方法

提出一种对激光光斑的衍射环进行检测的方法,该方法将衍射环的检测转换到梯度空间进行.该方法首先应用衍射环梯度方向信息定位可能是衍射环的区域,然后应用衍射环梯度模值信息进行校验,找出真的衍射环,并对真衍射环进行精确定位,从而达到对光学元件进行间接损伤检测的目的.模拟激光光斑图像的衍射环检测实验表明,该方法误报率低,定位准确.     

多量级多向梯度海空复杂背景红外弱点目标检测

由于红外图像一般带有较大的噪声，采用传统的目标检测方法效果不理想。本文提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波和噪声污染的红外图像弱点目标检测算法。用多个量级梯度对图像目标进行检测，并对检测的结果进行了表决融合。结果表明，基于表决融合的多量级多向梯度检测消除了云层、海浪和海天线等背景干扰，在实现高检测概率的同时，不仅可以达到较低的虚警概率，而且可检测信杂比为1的点目标。     

基于结构张量的变分多源图像融合

提出了可以保持源图像特征和细节信息的基于结构张量的变分多源图像融合算法. 首先叙述基于结构张量的融合梯度场, 然后测量每幅源图像的特征图, 根据特征图为源图像的每个梯度构造一个权值, 将携带明显特征的梯度在融合的梯度场中凸显出来, 从而使源图像的特征和细节得到保持, 最后应用变分偏微分方程理论从目标梯度场重建出融合的图像. 实验结果表明, 本文算法融合图像的灰度平均梯度和信息熵均高于小波变换算法、塔分解法和直接梯度融合算法, 视觉效果上,融合图像很好的保留了源图像的特征和细节, 为图像目标检测和识别提供了高质量的图像信息. 关键词： 图像融合 梯度场 结构张量 变分法     

A semi-automated hybrid algorithm for accurate detection and counting of chemically etched tracks

In this paper, we present an accurate and comprehensive semi-automated algorithm for detection and counting the chemically etched tracks on polycarbonate nuclear Track detectors. The proposed algorithm consists of two main phases: a preprocessing phase for image preparation and quality improvement. It uses a format conversion into gray-scale image and contrast enhancement procedure. The contrast enhancement procedure employs the first-order fuzzy moment of the image and the Sugeno class of fuzzy complements to maximize the parametric indices of fuzziness of the image. In one feature extraction phase, two intrinsic characteristics of tracks are defined and formulated as topological feature (TF) and chromatic feature (CF). TF refers to tracks shape and geometry which are characterized and quantized by calculating the local Gray Level Spatial Correlation histogram of the tracks and CF refers to the color intensity difference of the tracks borders and tracks centric areas. The CF characterizes this difference specified to the tracks. After the feature extraction phase, the algorithm enters the detection and counting phase in which the fuzzy sets of background, noise (including small objects, notches, etc.) and track are constructed. Detected objects are then characterized according to their membership values to the fuzzy sets. The algorithm is designed in order to be applicable for different forms of tracks and track counting systems. Accuracy, linearity, sensitivity to the input parameters and comprehensibility of the method are validated in the simulation section.     

基于机器视觉的布匹瑕疵在线检测

为实现图案布匹瑕疵在编织过程中的实时检测,提出一种通过区域差影自动分割瑕疵区域的检测方法。通过求取水平和竖直两方向距离叠加函数极值,并对极值做权重分析,精确求取纹理基元周期;根据所求纹理基元周期确定区域差影的区域大小,并对区域差影图像求取梯度,再进行标记分水岭分割,能够快速准确地分割出纹理瑕疵区域。实验结果表明:该算法能够准确地检测出纹理布匹瑕疵的位置,检测一帧用时200 ms,准确率均达98%以上,实时性强,检测精度高,满足工业现场要求。     

Halo-based black point detection method of microchannel plate北大核心CSCD

根据微通道板黑点检测原理与黑点光晕特征设计了一种检测方法,该方法利用圆提取技术实现荧光屏图像的半径和圆心提取,通过高斯拉普拉斯算子实现目标黑点粗检测。基于黑点在不同电压下外围呈现光晕的特征,利用对比度受限的直方图均衡化并结合阈值分割的光晕检测法实现黑点光晕的提取。测试结果表明,该方法可以将荧光屏划痕、灰尘与微通道板黑点有效区分,从而实现黑点的自动提取。     

基于Zernike矩的保持架直径测量方法

为了解决轴承保持架人工抽检费时费力等问题,同时提高工业生产自动化水平,简述了一种基于Zernike矩的保持架直径测量方法;以型号32007E的圆锥滚动轴承筐形保持架为例,提出了基于视觉的直径测量方法,分析CCD相机采集到的轴承保持架大小端面图像,进行图像预处理后,对Sobel算子边界点阈值进行重新设定,快速检测出保持架两端圆面可能存在的边缘点集,增加了有效圆检测算法,剔除部分偏离有效圆的点,再利用 Zernike 矩算子对有效的边缘点进行重新定位,检测出保持架两端圆面的亚像素边缘并计算其精确位置,最后对所得到的亚像素边缘点集进行最小二乘法拟合,获取保持架两端直径具体尺寸;实验表明,该方法测量结果与人工测量精度接近,甚至更高,具有良好的效果和实用价值。