水溶液中四种脱氧核苷酸与水合铀酰离子相互作用的理论计算

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法 M06-2X,在相对论有效势基组水平下研究水溶液中水合铀酰脱氧核苷酸配合物[UO2(dNMP)(H2O)3]2+(d NMP=单磷酸脱氧核苷酸)的几何结构、能量和电子结构等性质,采用极化连续介质模型考虑水溶剂环境。结果表明,除了脱氧胸苷酸,其它脱氧核苷酸均以磷酸基团P=O键与铀原子形成的配位结构最稳定,4类配离子U=O键长值较接近,但配位键键长有所不同。脱氧腺苷酸配离子的总结合能最大,但脱氧腺苷酸变形能最小。振动光谱分析发现U=O键和P=O键伸缩振动频率均发生红移,脱氧腺苷酸配离子的变化程度最大。电子密度拓扑分析表明U-dNMP键和U-OH2键具有离子键性质。电荷转移分析显示配体片段向铀酰离子发生了电子转移,脱氧腺苷酸配离子中配体转移的电荷数最多。轨道成分分析表明,高占据轨道贡献主要来自脱氧核苷酸配体π轨道,而低阶空轨道基本是U的5f轨道组成,脱氧鸟苷酸配离子的HOMO-LUMO能级差最小。     

一系列水合和非水合铀酰卤族(F,Cl,Br)配合物在水溶液中的结构和紫外吸收光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

本文考虑相对论效应并应用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究水溶液中UO2Xn(H2O)5-n(X=F,Cl,Br;n=1～4)和UO2Xn(X=F,Cl,Br;n=1～6)一系列水合和非水合铀酰化合物的结构和紫外吸收光谱性质。将这一系列物质命名为Xnm(X为F,Cl,和Br;n为卤素配体个数,m为水分子配体的个数)。在水溶液中,溶剂化效应采用类导体屏蔽模型(COSMO)并采用SAS溶剂接触曲面构造空穴模拟水溶剂对配合物的作用。配合物的紫外光谱性质采用考虑旋-轨耦合相对论效应的含时密度泛函(SO-TD-DFT)进行计算。U=O键随着F配体数目的增加而明显伸长,然而随Cl和Br配体数目的增加变化较小。随X配体数目的增加和水分子参与配位,铀与X的结合能逐渐减弱。配合物的紫外光谱计算表明铀酰氟的各种配合物并不出现特征吸收峰,而铀酰氯和铀酰溴的各种配合物均有特征吸收光谱。通过分子轨道分析可以很好解释光谱所体现的特征。     

金属离子(Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+))与鸟嘌呤异构体配合物的稳定性

在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上用极化连续介质模型(PCM)系统研究了金属离子(M+/2+=Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn2+)和十三种鸟嘌呤异构体形成的配合物GnxM+/2+(n为鸟嘌呤异构体的编号,x表示M+/2+与鸟嘌呤异构体的结合位点)在气(g)液(a)两相中的稳定性顺序.着重探讨了液相中配合物的稳定性差异,并且从溶质-溶剂效应、结合能、形变能及异构体的相对能量等几个方面分析了造成稳定顺序发生变化的原因.报道了溶液中这五种金属离子与鸟嘌呤异构体结合形成的六种基态配合物:aG1N2,N3Na+,aG1N2,N3K+,aG1O6,N7Ca2+,aG1N2,N3Mg2+(aG1O6,N7Mg2+),aG2N3,N9Zn2+.可以看出,除了在Zn2+配合物中鸟嘌呤异构体为G2外,构成其余四种金属离子配合物的鸟嘌呤异构体都是G1,但结合位点不同.同时对气相中各类配合物稳定性也进行了系统的排序,并报道了几种较稳定的配合物,如:gG3N1,O6K+,gG5N1,O6K+,gG3N1,O6Ca2+/Mg2+,gG4O6,N7Ca2+/Mg2+.     

水溶液中碳酸铀酰化合物的电子结构

应用相对论密度泛函理论系统研究了水溶液中非水合化和水合化碳酸铀酰化合物Cn/m(其中n和m分别为结构中碳酸配体和水配体的个数)的结构.溶剂效应采用类导体屏蔽模型(COSMO),并采用零级规整近似(ZORA)方法考虑标量相对论效应和旋-轨耦合相对论效应.电子跃迁采用包含旋-轨耦合相对论效应的含时密度泛函理论并在相关交换势中采用轨道势能统计平均(SAOP)做近似计算.结果表明碳酸配体对配合物结构和电子跃迁有很大的影响.C3/0配合物的稳定性可归于5f轨道参与了高占据轨道的成键作用.增加碳酸盐配体导致最大波长的蓝移,并在近可见光区域出现高强度的吸收.     

铀酰萃取剂双亚砜的合成及其微胶囊萃取铀性能的研究

铀是一种非常重要的能源物质 ,现在国际上一般使用磷酸三丁酯 (ＴＢＰ)作为铀的萃取剂提取及回收铀。ＴＢＰ对铀有较强的萃取能力 ,但它耐辐照能力较差 ,有关双亚砜的报道仅局限于ｎ =1 ,2 [1,2 ] 。本文以硝酸为氧化剂 ,采用硫醚氧化法 ,合成了四个新的双亚砜类化合物ＰｈＳＯ(ＣＨ2 ) ｎＳＯＰｈ(ｎ分别为 2、3、4、6) ,并经元素分析、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征。为避免萃取过程中乳化或三相的出现 ,采用界面缩聚法[3 ] 以高分子材料包覆ＴＢＰ和自制的双亚砜类化合物 (ｎ =2 ,4,6) ,制成微胶囊 ,对其在酸性水溶液 (ｐＨ =1～1 .5 )中萃…     

气相和水溶液中铀酰配合物UO2L2-n*an(L=F-,CO2-3,NO-3;n=0-6, a=1,2)的结构和振动光谱

通过对铀采用相对赝势基组,其它原子使用6-31+G(d)基组,应用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及B3LYP方法对UO2+2离子与F-、CO2-3和NO-3的各配位结构进行优化和频率计算.计算考虑了气相和水溶剂化两种状态,其中溶剂化模型采用连续导体介质理论模型(CPCM).计算结果显示配体的配位数与O=U=O对称伸缩振动频率存在线性关系.配体在气相和水溶液中存在的关系基本符合通式:vs=-Agasn+983和vs=-Aagn+821(Agas和Aaq为常数,表示每增加一个配体振动频率的变化值;n为配体配位数).其中F对应Agas=53 cm-1,Aaq=11 cm-1;CO2-3对应Agas=85 cm-1,Aaq=19 cm-1;NO-3对应Agas=48 cm-1,Aaq=-10 cm-1.并且Aaq值与实验值一致.     

气相和水溶液中铀酰配合物UO2Ln^2-n＊a（L=F^-,CO3^2-,NO3^-;n=0-6,a=1,2）的结构和振动光谱

通过对铀采用相对赝势基组,其它原子使用6-31＋G（d）基组,应用密度泛函理论（DFT）以及B3LYP方法对UO22＋离子与F-、CO23-和NO-3的各配位结构进行优化和频率计算.计算考虑了气相和水溶剂化两种状态,其中溶剂化模型采用连续导体介质理论模型（CPCM）.计算结果显示配体的配位数与O襒U襒O对称伸缩振动频率存在线性关系.配体在气相和水溶液中存在的关系基本符合通式：νs=-Agasn＋983和νs=-Aaqn＋821（Agas和Aaq为常数,表示每增加一个配体振动频率的变化值;n为配体配位数）.其中F-对应Agas=53cm^-1,Aaq=11cm^-1;CO230-对应Agas=85cm^-1,Aaq=19cm^-1;NO-3对应Agas=48cm^-1,Aaq=-10cm^-1.并且Aaq值与实验值一致.     

计算烷烃异构体生成焓的新方法

基于作者提出的诱导极性叠加原理,设计了包括与诱导极性叠加总量要关的能量项的烷烃异构体的标准生成焓估算的新方法。与前人方法比较,它具有较高的计算精度,较少的参数,各参数物理意义明确,而且理论上可以推广到含多种杂原子的衍生物的标准生成焓的计算。     

在离子液体体系中苯环上氯取代基电子效应差异性研究

在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)离子液体中,研究不同取代基的苯氧负离子与溴代异丙烷亲核取代反应及不同取代基的苯甲醛与脲、乙酰乙酸乙酯亲核加成反应活性,通过测定反应转化率获得离子液体体系中不同取代基的电子效应.研究发现氯取代基表现出推电子性质,进而提出在离子液体体系中带苯环结构的反应物可与含杂芳环离子液体形成多层大π配合物结构,大π配合物影响了极性基团的正常溶剂化效应形成,产生独特的离子层溶剂效应.     

Intramolecular Interactions in Derivatives of Uracil Tautomers

The influence of solvents on intramolecular interactions in 5- or 6-substituted nitro and amino derivatives of six tautomeric forms of uracil was investigated. For this purpose, the density functional theory (B97-D3/aug-cc-pVDZ) calculations were performed in ten environments (1 > ε > 109) using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) of solvation. The substituents were characterized by electronic (charge of the substituent active region, cSAR) and geometric parameters. Intramolecular interactions between non-covalently bonded atoms were investigated using the theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) and the non-covalent interaction index (NCI) method, which allowed discussion of possible interactions between the substituents and N/NH endocyclic as well as =O/−OH exocyclic groups. The nitro group was more electron-withdrawing in the 5 than in the 6 position, while the opposite effect was observed in the case of electron donation of the amino group. These properties of both groups were enhanced in polar solvents; the enhancement depended on the ortho interactions. Substitution or solvation did not change tautomeric preferences of uracil significantly. However, the formation of a strong NO∙∙∙HO intramolecular hydrogen bond in the 5-NO₂ derivative stabilized the dienol tautomer from +17.9 (unsubstituted) to +5.4 kcal/mol (substituted, energy relative to the most stable diketo tautomer).     

Rare Tautomers of 1‐Methyluracil and 1‐Methylthymine: Tuning Relative Stabilities through Coordination to PtII Complexes

We have computationally explored how the relative stabilities of 1‐methyluracil (1‐MeUH) tautomers can be tuned through coordination of these tautomers to Pt^II complexes with a particular set of ligands. This has been done using density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level. Thus, we have examined the water/1‐MeUH exchange reactions of [Pt^II(A)(B)(C)(OH₂)]^q + 1‐MeUH to uncover: i) which tautomers are best stabilized by the Pt^II complex, and ii) how the net charge q in the complex affects the reaction energy. The net charge q depends on the ligands A, B, and C, which can be the neutral NH₃ or anionic Cl^?. To reveal the effect of solvation, all reaction systems are studied both in the gas phase and in water. Also the stabilization of tautomers of 1‐methylthymine (1‐MeTH) by cisplatin is investigated. The calculations reveal that relative energies of the metal (here: Pt^II)‐complexed forms of the various tautomers (here: of 1‐MeUH and 1‐MeTH) do not parallel those of the free tautomers. Rather, a rare nucleobase tautomer, despite its low natural abundance, may become favored over the predominant one when complexed to a metal ion.     

A Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Propofol Dimers and Their Hydrated Clusters

Propofol (2,6‐diisopropylphenol, PPF) homodimers and their complexes with one water molecule are analyzed by means of mass‐resolved excitation spectroscopy. Using two‐color resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) the S₁ electronic spectra of these systems are obtained, avoiding fragmentation. Due to the large size of these species, the spectra present a large abundance of lines. Using UV/UV hole‐burning spectroscopy, two isomers of PPF₂ are found and the existence of at least three isomers for propofol₂(H₂O)₁ (PPF₂W₁) is demonstrated. Comparison with the structures calculated at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) and M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d) levels of theory shows that the main driving forces in PPF₂ are several C? H???π interactions accompanied by dipole–dipole interaction between the OH moieties. On the other hand, there is evidence for the formation of cyclic hydrogen‐bond structures in the heterotrimers. A comparison of the results obtained herein with those of similar systems from previously published studies follows.     

铀酰的双席夫碱类配合物的合成与表征

铀酰的双席夫碱类配合物的合成与表征范玉华，毕彩丰（山东建材学院应用化学系济南２５００２２）关键词硝酸铀酰，双席夫碱，配合物过渡金属及稀土金属离子的双席夫碱类配合物已有不少报道，但锕系元素铀酰的邻香草醛或水杨醛二胺类双席夫碱配合物未见报道。为了探讨锕系...     

New Reactivity of the Uranyl(VI) Ion

The chemistry of the uranyl ion ([UO₂]²⁺) has evolved remarkably over the past few years, with unexpected reactivity observed that challenge our understanding of this ion, and of actinides in general. This review highlights some recent advances in the field, focussing on the organometallic chemistry of the uranyl moiety, which is not well developed in comparison to lower oxidation states of uranium. The use of uranyl as a catalyst is highlighted and the newly developed supramolecular chemistry is described. The uranyl oxygen atoms have been considered as inert, but recent work has shown that is not necessarily the case and is discussed herein. Finally, reduction to the [UO₂]⁺ ion will be discussed.     

铀酰与羧酸和肟基类配体相互作用的理论研究

深入了解各种功能基团与铀酰离子的络合行为有助于设计和开发高效海水提铀吸附剂. 本工作通过密度泛函理论(DFT)方法系统地研究了两种典型铀酰络合配体吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(H₂DPA)和戊二酰偕亚胺二肟(H₂A)与铀酰离子及碳酸根离子形成的配合物的结构、成键性质以及热力学稳定性. 研究结果表明, 所有配合物中, 配体与铀酰离子之间具有不同强度的共价相互作用. 由于H₂A配位时发生了质子重排, 而且配体的解离能较高, 使其更难与[UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-发生取代反应, 因此H₂DPA配体是海水提铀中一种潜在的有效配体. 本工作的相关研究结果为海水提铀中高效吸附基团的设计和开发提供了理论线索.     

蛋氨酸合酶催化反应研究VI.3-N-取代-6-甲基尿嘧啶的合成

首次报道了以苄氧羰氧次甲基作为6-甲基尿嘧啶环上N1位的保护基．选择性的在尿嘧啶环上N1保护、N3取代及N1脱保护等反应都在简便、高收率条件下进行，经四步反应高选择性地合成了3-N-取代-6-甲基尿嘧啶。     

Spectroscopic and quantum chemical study of the properties and structure of 5-hydroxy-benzimidazole

The MNDO method has been used to calculate the heats of formation of six tautomeric forms of 5-hydroxybenzimidazole (1), their anionic and cationic forms, as well as the energetic, electronic, and structural characteristics of neutral, protonated, and deprotonated tautomers. According to the IR spectra,1 exists in the crystalline state and in CCl₄ and acetonitrile solution in the hydroxy form as two tautomers. A significant difference has been shown to exists in the EAS in acidic media of benzimidazoles, containing a benzene ring in the C² position, as compared with the spectra of benzimidazoles with alkyl substituents in this position. Spectral characteristics are given which can be used to distinguish the mono- and dianionic forms of derivatives of1.N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow. P. Lumumba University of the Brotherhood of Nations, 117198 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1557–1565, July, 1992.