Influence of Polarization and Pulse Shape of Femtosecond Initial Laser Pulses on Spectral Broadening in Microstructure Fibers

We theoretically studied the influence of initial parameters of laser pulses, such as polarization, pulse shape and frequency chirp, on the broadening of spectrum during pulse propagation through microstructure fibers (MSFs). We utilized two coupled-mode equations based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation using an intermediate-broadening model for a Raman response function, and the dispersion coefficients from 2nd to 7th orders for the slow and fast axes, respectively, of highly birefringent MSFs.     

Cavity-Free Lasing from Molecular Nitrogen Ions in Air Laser Plasma

Optics and Spectroscopy - Abstract—The paper presents the results of a study of the temporal and spectral characteristics of lasing at $${{B}^{2}}\Sigma _{u}^{ + }{-} {{X}^{2}}\Sigma _{g}^{ +...     

Polarimetric-Spectral-Sensitive Compressed Ultrafast Photography Enables Real-Time Intensity Visualization of Time-Varying Polarized Ultrafast Laser Pulses

Ultrafast laser pulses with complex spatiotemporal and polarization couplings have shown great application prospects in coherent control, particle acceleration, molecular dynamics excitation, and chiral or anisotropic detection. It is very important to observe the polarization-coupled ultrafast laser pulses for characterizing the performance of laser source and understanding the laser-matter interaction, but there is currently no detection technique that can completely characterize them, including the spatio-, spectral-, and polarimetric-temporal information. In this work, a polarimetric-spectral-sensitive has been compressed ultrafast photography (PS-CUP) to realize the real-time intensity visualization of time-varying polarized (TP) ultrafast laser pulses. PS-CUP can not only distinguish the polarization state of a TP pulse, but also realize the spatio-, spectral- and polarimetric-temporal measurement. To demonstrate the ability of polarization resolving detection, PS-CUP is used to successfully distinguish between the sinistral and dextral TP pulses and measure the angle and degree of linear polarization of a dextral TP pulse, respectively, and the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical simulations. Owing to the unprecedented multidimensional detection ability, PS-CUP is prospected to provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis of various complex ultrafast laser pulses and the detection of ultrafast chiral optics.     

Ultrafast Electronic and Molecular Dynamics Induced by Ultrashort FEL Pulses

In recent years, short wavelength free electron lasers (FELs) have opened up access to ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in matter. Currently, four FEL facilities are in operation in the world. FLASH [1 W. Ackermann, Nat. Photonics 1, 336 (2007).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] in Germany and FERMI [2 P. Emma, Nat. Photonics 4, 641 (2010).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] in Italy cover the range from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to soft X-rays, while LCLS [3 T. Ishikawa, Nat. Photonics 6, 540 (2012).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] in the U.S. and SACLA [4 E. Allaria, Nat. Photonics 6, 699 (2012).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] in Japan provide pulses in the hard X-ray regime. In addition, an upgrade version of SCSS [5 T. Shintake, Nat. Photonics 2, 555 (2008).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], nicknamed SCSS+, has also just started user operation as a beamline of SACLA [6 See http://xfel.riken.jp/eng/users/index.html [Google Scholar]]. These FELs deliver coherent pulses combining unprecedented power densities up to ~10²⁰ W/cm² and extremely short pulse durations down to a few femtoseconds. The intense coherent FEL pulse focused down to ~1 μm² makes single-shot diffractive imaging of nano-crystals or even non-crystallized bio-samples as well as other small objects a reality. Time-resolved spectroscopic and structural studies on the timescale of femtoseconds, having FEL pulses as a probe, allow us to probe electrons and atoms in action. Additionally, since FEL pulses are in a new regime of intensity, they are opening up new research fields that exploit the interaction between intense short wavelength pulses and matter, leading to matter at extremely high energy. Relevant theories dealing with such extreme conditions are also rapidly growing.     

Angle-Resolved Electron Spectra of F~- Ions by Few-Cycle Laser Pulses

The above-threshold detachment of F~- ions induced by a linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulse is investigated theoretically using the strong-field approximation model without considering the rescattering mechanism. We first derive an analytical form of transition amplitude for describing the strong-field photodetachment of F~- ions.The integration over time in transition amplitude can be performed using the numerical integration method or the saddle-point(SP) method of Shearer et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88(2013) 033415]. The validity of the SP method is carefully examined by comparing the energy spectra and photoelectron angular distributions(PADs) with those obtained from the numerical integration method. By considering the volume effect of a focused laser beam, both the energy spectra and the low-energy PADs calculated by the numerical integration method agree very well with the experimental results.     

频率含时谐振子运动的双波描述

应用双波函数定义频率含量谐振子的量子状态,频率含时谐振子的运动得到更完整的描述,双波描述的经典极限与经典力学结果相一致。     

The Spectral Intensity of the Plasma of Single and Double Laser Pulses

We compare radiation of plasma flares produced on exposure of metals to laser radiation in a monopulse generation mode in the case of single and double pulses with change in air pressure. For double pulses, we established an increase in the duration and intensity of the radiation of spectral lines and also an analogy between the change in their intensities and those of single pulses obtained at a reduced air pressure.     

Spectrally Adjustable Picosecond Dye Laser Pulses Generated with Nanosecond Nitrogen Lasers

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Emission of Nitrogen Molecules at Tight Focusing of Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Air

Russian Physics Journal - A numerical model describing the dynamics of plasma particle density upon filamentation of femtosecond emission in air is presented. The simulation results are in good...     

Asymmetric Spectral Broadening of 0.3 ps, 1030 nm Laser Pulse in BaWO4 Crystal

Journal of Russian Laser Research - Asymmetric spectral broadening combined with an efficient transient stimulated Raman scattering is experimentally demonstrated in a BaWO4 crystal pumped by 0.3...     

晶体中离子质量差异与激活离子光谱线热加宽和热位移

证明了基质晶体离子的质量差异对其中的激活离子光谱线的热加宽和热位移有贡献，对于单声子吸收或发射机制产生的热加宽和热位移而言，其贡献可以用一个乘积因子D^2表示，对于喇曼散射机制引起的热加宽，其贡献可以用乘积因子D^4表示，文中分别给出两种离子组成的晶体和三种离子组成的晶体的D的表示式。     

二价钐离子谱线的非均匀加宽、荧光窄化和永久性光谱烧孔

基于光谱烧孔在高密度光存储中的可能应用,研究了谱线非均匀加宽、荧光谱线窄化、高温永久性光谱烧孔、烧孔机理、烧孔动力学过程和光谱孔的热稳定性。在国际上率先设计并研制出二价钐离子掺杂碱土金属氟卤化物混晶高温光谱烧孔体系,实现了室温永久性光谱烧孔,获得了室温寿命300h的光谱孔。利用时间分辨光谱分离出非均匀线形内的各局域组态,比较烧孔前后光谱再分布证实了三价钐离子的电子陷阱作用。利用Block理论分析了烧孔动力学过程。     

Deformation Broadening and the Fine Structure of Spectral Lines in Optical Spectra of Dielectric Crystals Containing Rare-Earth Ions

Physics of the Solid State - The procedure of calculation of the spectral line shape in optical spectra of rare-earth ions in crystals with the inclusion of random deformations of an elastically...     

High-Efficiency Generation of 0.12 mJ,8.6 Fs Pulses at 400 nm Based on Spectral Broadening in Solid Thin Plates

We demonstrate efficient generation of continuous spectrum centered at 400 nm from solid thin plates. By frequency doubling of 0.8 mJ, 30 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses with a BBO crystal, 0.2 mJ, 33 fs laser pulses at400 nm are generated. Focusing the 400-nm pulses into 7 thin fused silica plates, we obtain 0.15 mJ continuous spectrum covering 350-450 nm. After compressing by 3 pairs of chirped mirrors, 0.12 mJ, 8.6 fs pulses are achieved.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that sub-10-fs pulses centered at 400 nm are generated by solid thin plates, which shows that spectral broadening in solid-state materials works not only at 800 nm but also at different wavelengths.     

Effect of Stimulated Raman Scattering on Spectral Characteristics of Ultranarrow Pulses in a Mode-Locked Solid-State Laser

On the basis of numerical modeling, it is shown that the effect of the higher-order group-velocity dispersion is unable to account for the noticeable Stokes displacement of the generation spectrum in a LiSGaF laser with mode-locking due to self-focusing. The results of calculations indicate the determining influence of stimulated Raman scattering on the spectral characteristics of femtosecond pulses.     

Pedestal Measurement of Laser Pulses

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Pulse Duration of Superradiance on Molecular Nitogen Ions in Air Laser Plasma

Russian Physics Journal - The results of a study of pulse duration of superradiance on molecular nitrogen ions in air under different conditions of focusing a femtosecond laser pulse with a...     

Competition of Short-Range and Long-Range Mechanisms of Spectral Line Broadening in Emission of Atomic and Molecular Gases

An analogy is shown for broadening the spectral line of atoms in the case of competition between the short-range Doppler broadening mechanism and the long-range impact mechanism in atomic gases, as well as for the absorption band of a molecular gas in the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum, where the longrange part of the spectrum is also determined by the impact mechanism of the broadening. The long-range part in the pedestal region of the absorption band is associated with the distribution of molecules over the rotational states, and, in the range of wings of the absorption band, it is due to a finite time of collisions between emitting and perturbed molecules. The flux of resonant radiation produced by an excited atomic gas is estimated using the concepts of the spectral absorption band and a large optical thickness of the gas. These concepts are used for a molecular gas where, in the framework of the regular model (the Elsasser model), expressions are given for the absorption coefficient related to a specific spectral absorption band, separately in the pedestal region and for wings of the absorption band. As a demonstration of the possibilities of these concepts, the IR flux is calculated on the surface of Venus from its atmosphere, which includes seven vibrational transitions of the carbon dioxide molecule and amounts to 26% of the total flux of IR radiation emitted by the Venus surface. An analysis of the Venus energy balance leads to the conclusion that the main part of IR radiation of the Venus atmosphere falling on its surface is formed by a microscopic dust in the Venus atmosphere. This channel of the Venus energy balance is realized if the mass of a microscopic dust in the Venus atmosphere is seven orders of magnitude less than the mass of atmospheric carbon dioxide.